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2018

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Rehabilitation In Article 14 Of The Convention Against Torture And Other Cruel, Inhuman, Or Degrading Treatment Or Punishment, Nora Sveaass, Felice Gaer, Claudio Grossman Jan 2018

Rehabilitation In Article 14 Of The Convention Against Torture And Other Cruel, Inhuman, Or Degrading Treatment Or Punishment, Nora Sveaass, Felice Gaer, Claudio Grossman

The International Lawyer

No abstract provided.

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I: Introduction., Caroline Floccia, Thomas D. Sambrook, Luche C Delle, Rosa Kwok, Jeremy Goslin, Laurence White, Allegra Cattani, Emily Sullivan, Kirsten Abbot-Smith, Andrea Krott, Debbie Mills, Caroline Rowland, Judit Gervain, Kim Plunkett Jan 2018

I: Introduction., Caroline Floccia, Thomas D. Sambrook, Luche C Delle, Rosa Kwok, Jeremy Goslin, Laurence White, Allegra Cattani, Emily Sullivan, Kirsten Abbot-Smith, Andrea Krott, Debbie Mills, Caroline Rowland, Judit Gervain, Kim Plunkett

School of Psychology

The majority of the world's children grow up learning two or more languages. The study of early bilingualism is central to current psycholinguistics, offering insights into issues such as transfer and interference in development. From an applied perspective, it poses a universal challenge to language assessment practices throughout childhood, as typically developing bilingual children usually underperform relative to monolingual norms when assessed in one language only. We measured vocabulary with Communicative Development Inventories for 372 24-month-old toddlers learning British English and one Additional Language out of a diverse set of 13 (Bengali, Cantonese, Dutch, French, German, Greek, Hindi-Urdu, Italian, Mandarin, …

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V: General Discussion., Caroline Floccia, Thomas D. Sambrook, Luche C Delle, Rosa Kwok, Jeremy Goslin, Laurence White, Allegra Cattani, Emily Sullivan, Kirsten Abbot-Smith, Andrea Krott, Debbie Mills, Caroline Rowland, Judit Gervain, Kim Plunkett Jan 2018

V: General Discussion., Caroline Floccia, Thomas D. Sambrook, Luche C Delle, Rosa Kwok, Jeremy Goslin, Laurence White, Allegra Cattani, Emily Sullivan, Kirsten Abbot-Smith, Andrea Krott, Debbie Mills, Caroline Rowland, Judit Gervain, Kim Plunkett

School of Psychology

Ours is the first study to directly measure the relative contribution of linguistic distance to the acquisition of a bilingual toddler's two languages, which was the aim of Study 1. To address this question we tested 372 24-month-olds learning British English and one of 13 target Additional Languages. We found that a higher phonological overlap between these Additional Languages and British English led to higher levels of Additional Language CDI vocabulary production. Similar effects in comprehension were found for our other measures of linguistic distance, namely degree of similar in morphological complexity and word order. Importantly, linguistic distance contributed unique …

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Mixtures Of Tritiated Water, Zinc And Dissolved Organic Carbon: Assessing Interactive Bioaccumulation And Genotoxic Effects In Marine Mussels, Mytilus Galloprovincialis, Holly B.C. Pearson, Lorna J. Dallas, Sean D.W. Comber, Charlotte B. Braungardt, Paul J. Worsfold, Awadhesh N. Jha Jan 2018

Mixtures Of Tritiated Water, Zinc And Dissolved Organic Carbon: Assessing Interactive Bioaccumulation And Genotoxic Effects In Marine Mussels, Mytilus Galloprovincialis, Holly B.C. Pearson, Lorna J. Dallas, Sean D.W. Comber, Charlotte B. Braungardt, Paul J. Worsfold, Awadhesh N. Jha

School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences

No abstract provided.

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Ii: Methods., Caroline Floccia, Thomas D. Sambrook, Luche C Delle, Rosa Kwok, Jeremy Goslin, Laurence White, Allegra Cattani, Emily Sullivan, Kirsten Abbot-Smith, Andrea Krott, Debbie Mills, Caroline Rowland, Judit Gervain, Kim Plunkett Jan 2018

Ii: Methods., Caroline Floccia, Thomas D. Sambrook, Luche C Delle, Rosa Kwok, Jeremy Goslin, Laurence White, Allegra Cattani, Emily Sullivan, Kirsten Abbot-Smith, Andrea Krott, Debbie Mills, Caroline Rowland, Judit Gervain, Kim Plunkett

School of Psychology

The methods described in this chapter cover the cohort data collection, which constituted the common data set for all three studies reported in this paper. A sample of 430 bilingual toddlers, learning British English and one of 13 target Additional Languages (N = 372), or any other Additional Language (N = 58), were identified over a 2-year period. To increase variation in both English/Additional Language pairs and in the situational factors outlined above (language exposure, mode of exposure and demographic factors), data was collected through trained research assistants recruited in the six universities involved in this project (Bangor, Birmingham, Kent, …

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Iii: Analyses And Results For Study 1: Estimating The Effect Of Linguistic Distance On Vocabulary Development., Caroline Floccia, Thomas D. Sambrook, Luche C Delle, Rosa Kwok, Jeremy Goslin, Laurence White, Allegra Cattani, Emily Sullivan, Kirsten Abbot-Smith, Andrea Krott, Debbie Mills, Caroline Rowland, Judit Gervain, Kim Plunkett Jan 2018

Iii: Analyses And Results For Study 1: Estimating The Effect Of Linguistic Distance On Vocabulary Development., Caroline Floccia, Thomas D. Sambrook, Luche C Delle, Rosa Kwok, Jeremy Goslin, Laurence White, Allegra Cattani, Emily Sullivan, Kirsten Abbot-Smith, Andrea Krott, Debbie Mills, Caroline Rowland, Judit Gervain, Kim Plunkett

School of Psychology

To estimate the impact of linguistic distance on vocabulary development, which was the aim of Study 1, we needed to account for the effects of all situational factors that were known or suspected to shape bilingual development. This was achieved through a two-step analyses of the data from the 372 children whose Additional Language was one of our 13 target languages.

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Iv: Results For Studies 2 And 3: The Ukbtat Model And Its Application To Nontarget Additional Language Learners., Caroline Floccia, Thomas D. Sambrook, Luche C Delle, Rosa Kwok, Jeremy Goslin, Laurence White, Allegra Cattani, Emily Sullivan, Kirsten Abbot-Smith, Andrea Krott, Debbie Mills, Caroline Rowland, Judit Gervain, Kim Plunkett Jan 2018

Iv: Results For Studies 2 And 3: The Ukbtat Model And Its Application To Nontarget Additional Language Learners., Caroline Floccia, Thomas D. Sambrook, Luche C Delle, Rosa Kwok, Jeremy Goslin, Laurence White, Allegra Cattani, Emily Sullivan, Kirsten Abbot-Smith, Andrea Krott, Debbie Mills, Caroline Rowland, Judit Gervain, Kim Plunkett

School of Psychology

The aim of Study 2 was to develop the UKBTAT (UK Bilingual Toddlers Assessment Tool), the first screening tool for assessing the vocabulary size of bilingual 2-year-olds, in this case learning British English and one of the 13 target Additional Language. The aim of Study 3 was to establish the reliability of UKBTAT for bilingual children learning British English and any other non-target Additional Language. Norms for bilingual vocabulary in English were obtained through regression equations in linear mixed models, using variables shown to be predictive of comprehension and production in the previous analyses (Chapter 3). Similarly, norms for the …

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Transformation Of C60 Fullerene Aggregates Suspended And Weathered Under Realistic Environmental Conditions, Josep Sanchís, Yann Aminot, Esteban Abad, Awadhesh N. Jha, James W. Readman, Marinella Farré Jan 2018

Transformation Of C60 Fullerene Aggregates Suspended And Weathered Under Realistic Environmental Conditions, Josep Sanchís, Yann Aminot, Esteban Abad, Awadhesh N. Jha, James W. Readman, Marinella Farré

School of Biological and Marine Sciences

No abstract provided.

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Facing The Unravelling Of Reform: Domestic And International Perspectives On The Changing Role Of China's Rights Lawyers, Martin S. Flaherty Jan 2018

Facing The Unravelling Of Reform: Domestic And International Perspectives On The Changing Role Of China's Rights Lawyers, Martin S. Flaherty

Fordham International Law Journal

No abstract provided.

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A Very Different Experience: Merchant Seamen On British Coastal Convoys 1940-45', Gh Bennett, Gh Bennett Jan 2018

A Very Different Experience: Merchant Seamen On British Coastal Convoys 1940-45', Gh Bennett, Gh Bennett

School of Law, Humanities and Social Sciences

No abstract provided.

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A Comparison Of The Rey Auditory-Verbal Learning Test And The Wechsler Scales, Samantha Denhart Jan 2018

A Comparison Of The Rey Auditory-Verbal Learning Test And The Wechsler Scales, Samantha Denhart

Murray State Theses and Dissertations

The present study was designed to determine the correlation between a commonly used cognitive ability test (i.e., Wechsler) and a verbal memory test (i.e., Rey Auditory-Verbal Learning Test) by analyzing archival data from a clinical sample of adults. Many researchers have continued to establish the relationship between cognitive ability, or IQ, and learning and memory skills; however, there is little research regarding when differences between IQ and memory scores are statistically significant. Results of this study indicated 17 of 20 IQ index/memory correlations were statistically significant and a series of simple regressions generated standardized residuals. These residuals generated confidence bands …

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Omnivore Density Affects Community Structure Through Multiple Trophic Cascades, Donald J. Benkendorf Jan 2018

Omnivore Density Affects Community Structure Through Multiple Trophic Cascades, Donald J. Benkendorf

Murray State Theses and Dissertations

Omnivores can dampen trophic cascades by feeding at multiple trophic levels, yet few studies have evaluated how intraspecific variation influences the effect of omnivores on community structure. The Speckled Dace (Rhinichthys osculus) is an omnivorous cyprinid that consumes algae and invertebrates and is abundant throughout the western United States. I sought to identify the effects of size and size structure on top-down control by dace and learn how these effects scaled with density. Dace were manipulated in a mesocosm experiment and resulting changes in invertebrate and algal communities and measures of ecosystem function were monitored. Omnivores affected experimental …

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Information, Issues, And Supporters: The Application Of Online Persuasion In The 2015 General Election, N Jackson Jan 2018

Information, Issues, And Supporters: The Application Of Online Persuasion In The 2015 General Election, N Jackson

Plymouth Business School

No abstract provided.

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Turkish Family Life: A Study Of Family Leisure, Family Functioning, And Family Satisfaction, Ramon Zabriskie, Nese Aslan, Mikale Williamson Jan 2018

Turkish Family Life: A Study Of Family Leisure, Family Functioning, And Family Satisfaction, Ramon Zabriskie, Nese Aslan, Mikale Williamson

Faculty Publications

The purpose of this study was to examine the contribution of family leisure involvement and family leisure satisfaction to the explanation of variance in family functioning and satisfaction with family life among Turkish families using the core and balance framework. The sample (n D 509) consisted of families (parents and youth ages 11–16 years) from Izmir, Turkey. Findings indicate significant positive relationships between family leisure variables and all family functioning and satisfaction variables from both the parent and youth perspectives. These findings are similar to those from family samples in other Western/industrialized countries, emphasizing the significant role of family leisure …

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Measurement Of Deep Structured Experiences As A Binary Phenomenon, Gary D. Ellis, Patti A. Freeman, Jingxian Jiang, Andrew Lacanienta Jan 2018

Measurement Of Deep Structured Experiences As A Binary Phenomenon, Gary D. Ellis, Patti A. Freeman, Jingxian Jiang, Andrew Lacanienta

Faculty Publications

We developed a procedure for measuring ‘deep structured experiences’ based on a conceptualization of such experiences being binary (i.e. present or absent at a given moment) rather than continuous. Deep structured experiences are heightened states of attention and motivation that may occur during a distinct period of activity. This binary approach is consistent with definitions of similar concepts, such as Maslow’s [1962. “Lessons from the Peak-Experiences.” Journal of Humanistic Psychology 2 (1): 9–18] description of ecstasy, Csikszentmihalyi’s [1975. Beyond Boredom and Anxiety. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass] description of flow, and Ackerman’s [1999. Deep Play. New York: Vintage Books] description of deep …

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Big-Box Stores And Urban Land Prices: Friend Or Foe?, Barrett A. Slade Jan 2018

Big-Box Stores And Urban Land Prices: Friend Or Foe?, Barrett A. Slade

Faculty Publications

This study examined the effect of a new Walmart store on nearby U.S. urban land prices and found that, within one quarter mile of a new Walmart store locale, land prices increased by almost 39% over the four-year development time period. Supercenters and commercial land sales were instrumental in driving the positive price effects. Robustness tests found a positive land price effect with other big-box stores, suggesting that the land price effect was not limited to Walmart stores, but in fact, was a big-box store effect.

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Private Equity Indices Based On Secondary Market Transactions, Brian Boyer, Taylor D. Nadauld, Keith Vorkink, Michael S. Weisbach Jan 2018

Private Equity Indices Based On Secondary Market Transactions, Brian Boyer, Taylor D. Nadauld, Keith Vorkink, Michael S. Weisbach

Faculty Publications

Measuring the performance of private equity investments (buyout and venture) has historically only been possible over long horizons because the IRR on a fund is only observable following the fund’s final distribution. We propose a new approach to evaluating performance using actual prices paid for limited partner shares of funds in secondary markets. We construct indices of buyout and venture capital performance using a proprietary database of secondary market prices between 2006 and 2017. These transaction-based indices exhibit significantly higher betas and volatilities, and lower alphas than NAV-based indices built from Preqin and obtained from Burgiss. There are a number …

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Monthly Payment Targeting And The Demand For Maturity, Bronson Argyle, Taylor Nadauld, Christopher Palmer Jan 2018

Monthly Payment Targeting And The Demand For Maturity, Bronson Argyle, Taylor Nadauld, Christopher Palmer

Faculty Publications

We provide evidence of mental accounting in the market for consumer installment debt and argue that increases in credit supply have been an important contributor in the recent rise in auto debt through a demand-for-maturity channel. Since the Great Recession, auto debt has grown faster than any other category of U.S. consumer credit and now eclipses credit cards in total debt outstanding. Simultaneously, auto-loan maturities have increased such that more than half of 2016 auto-loan originations had a term of over 65 months. We document three phenomena we jointly refer to as monthly payment targeting using data from millions of …

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The Capitalization Of Consumer Financing Into Durable Goods Prices, Bronson Argyle, Taylor Nadauld, Christopher Palmer, Ryan Pratt Jan 2018

The Capitalization Of Consumer Financing Into Durable Goods Prices, Bronson Argyle, Taylor Nadauld, Christopher Palmer, Ryan Pratt

Faculty Publications

Using loan-level data on millions of used-car transactions across hundreds of lenders, we study the consumer response to exogenous variation in credit terms. Borrowers offered shorter maturity decrease expenditures enough to o set 60-90% of the monthly payment increase. Most of this is driven by shifting toward lower quality cars, but affected borrowers are able to o set 20-30% of a monthly payment shock by negotiating lower prices for equivalent cars. Our results suggest that durable goods prices adjust to reflect credit terms even at the individual level, with one year of additional loan maturity increasing a given car’s price …

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Behavioral Household Finance, John Beshears, James J. Choi, David Laibson, Brigitte C. Madrian Jan 2018

Behavioral Household Finance, John Beshears, James J. Choi, David Laibson, Brigitte C. Madrian

Faculty Publications

This chapter provides an overview of household finance. The first part summarizes key facts regarding household financial behavior, emphasizing empirical regularities that are inconsistent with the standard classical economic model and discussing extensions of the classical model and explanations grounded in behavioral economics that can account for the observed patterns. This part covers five topics: consumption and savings, borrowing, payments, asset allocation, and insurance. The second part addresses interventions that firms, governments, and other parties deploy to shape household financial outcomes: education and information, peer effects and social influence, product design, advice and disclosure, choice architecture, and interventions that directly …

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Neighborhood Effects On Speculative Behavior, Todd Mitton, Keith Vorkink, Ian Wright Jan 2018

Neighborhood Effects On Speculative Behavior, Todd Mitton, Keith Vorkink, Ian Wright

Faculty Publications

Speculative behavior plays a key role in numerous markets, but little is known about its causes. We test for neighborhood effects on speculative behavior using daily lottery sales data from 20 states in the U.S. In a sample of 160,000 retailers, lottery sales in a census block increase by $0.26, on average, for each $1 increase in neighboring blocks. We test whether this correlation is attributable to contextual effects, correlated effects, or endogenous effects. Our analysis suggests that social interaction is an important cause of speculative behavior.

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Public Ownership And The Local Economy, Jess Cornaggia, Matthew Gustafson, Jason Kotter, Kevin Pisciotta Jan 2018

Public Ownership And The Local Economy, Jess Cornaggia, Matthew Gustafson, Jason Kotter, Kevin Pisciotta

Faculty Publications

We provide evidence that a firm’s transition from private to public ownership stunts local economic growth, especially in less populated and poorer areas. After accounting for endogeneity in the ownership decision, areas hosting companies that go public experience muted growth in employment, establishments, population, and wages, relative to areas where firms file to go public and remain private. Establishment-level analyses reveal that transitioning to public ownership causes firms to geographically diversify their establishments and employee base. These findings are consistent with public ownership reducing a firm’s reliance on local agglomeration economies, to the detriment of the local community.

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Cycles Of Memory And Circular Compassion In A Germanic Passion Diptych, Elliott Wise Jan 2018

Cycles Of Memory And Circular Compassion In A Germanic Passion Diptych, Elliott Wise

Faculty Publications

A little-known Germanic Passion diptych from the late fifteenth century—comprised of the Atlanta Christ Carrying the Cross and the Chicago Crucifixion—was recently reunited, foregrounding a complex interchange of compassionate co-suffering between the two panels. The figures of Christ and the Virgin turn and twist their eyes and faces, balancing their attention between different points of empathetic contemplation within and without the frames. As they engage with the beholder and with one another, they encourage meditation on the Holy Face of Jesus by manipulating mental images in a repetitive cycle of foresight, hindsight, and exegetical reflection.

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What Is A Christian Teacher To Do With Louise Rosenblatt’S Transactional Theory Of Reading?, Andrew P. Huddleston, Dawan Coombs, Katlin Sehres, Ashley Miller Jan 2018

What Is A Christian Teacher To Do With Louise Rosenblatt’S Transactional Theory Of Reading?, Andrew P. Huddleston, Dawan Coombs, Katlin Sehres, Ashley Miller

Faculty Publications

In this theoretical analysis, the authors explore the question, What is a Christian teacher educator to do with Louise Rosenblatt’s transactional theory of reading? They begin by outlining the primary components of Rosenblatt’s transactional theory, focusing on reading as a transaction and the efferent and aesthetic stances. Next, they discuss who they are as teacher educators and former students, how their faith backgrounds intersect with Rosenblatt’s work, and the approach they took to address areas of tension that they and other Christian educators have experienced with Rosenblatt’s theory. Finally, they conclude by discussing implications of Rosenblatt’s work for reading scripture, …

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An Origami-Based Thickness-Accommodating Bistable Mechanism In Monolithic Thick-Sheet Materials, Larry L. Howell, Spencer P. Magleby, Nathan A. Pehrson Jan 2018

An Origami-Based Thickness-Accommodating Bistable Mechanism In Monolithic Thick-Sheet Materials, Larry L. Howell, Spencer P. Magleby, Nathan A. Pehrson

Faculty Publications

Origami-based mechanisms can provide useful capabilities in folding large structures to stow in small volumes. However, when using monolithic thick-sheet materials for these types of mechanisms, accommodating the thickness proves challenging. One approach to solve this is to create compliant mechanisms along the fold lines that inherently store energy when actuated and causes the mechanism to tend toward its low energy state. This tendency can be used to create bistable states. We outline a method to use this stored energy to achieve bistable states and name the resulting mechanism an origami-based “Thickness-accommodating bistable interior vertex” (TABIV) in monolithic thick-sheet materials. …

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Deployable Lenticular Stiffeners For Origami-Inspired Mechanisms, Larry L. Howell, Alden D. Yellowstone Jan 2018

Deployable Lenticular Stiffeners For Origami-Inspired Mechanisms, Larry L. Howell, Alden D. Yellowstone

Faculty Publications

Light-weight origami-inspired mechanisms can provide advantages in deployable space systems and other applications. However, a significant challenge in their design is ensuring that they are sufficiently stiff. Compliant, deployable stiffeners utilizing a profile approximating the Euler Spiral are proposed as one solution. Structures with this profile, called a lenticular stiffener, are shown to permit stiffeners to flatten using forces applied at their edges. Formulas for calculating the stiffness increase are developed. Relations needed to design the deployment behavior of the stiffeners are also derived. Finally, advantages of different stiffener configurations are evaluated. These results are verified through simulation and experiments.

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Comparables Pricing, Justin Murfin, Ryan Pratt Jan 2018

Comparables Pricing, Justin Murfin, Ryan Pratt

Faculty Publications

Finance professionals commonly set prices based on the analysis of recently closed, comparable transactions. Using data on syndicated loans, we exploit the lag between loans’ closing dates and their inclusion in a widely used comparables database to identify the effect of past transactions on new transaction pricing. Comparables pricing is an important determinant of individual loan spreads, but a failure to account for overlap in information across loans leads to pricing mistakes. Comparables used repeatedly are overweighted as they develop redundant channels of influence on later transactions. Market conditions prevailing at the time a comparable was priced also unduly influence …

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Credit Supply And The Rise In College Tuition: Evidence From The Expansion In Federal Student Aid Programs, David O. Lucca, Taylor Nadauld, Karen Shen Jan 2018

Credit Supply And The Rise In College Tuition: Evidence From The Expansion In Federal Student Aid Programs, David O. Lucca, Taylor Nadauld, Karen Shen

Faculty Publications

We study the link between the student credit expansion of the past 15 years and the contemporaneous rise in college tuition. To disentangle simultaneity issues, we analyze the effects of increases in federal student loan caps using detailed student-level financial data. We find a pass-through effect on tuition of changes in subsidized loan maximums of about 60 cents on the dollar and of about 20 cents on the dollar for unsubsidized federal loans. The effect is most pronounced for more expensive degrees and degrees offered by for-profit and 2-year institutions.

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Improving Security Message Adherence Through Improved Comprehension: Neural And Behavioral Insights, Bonnie Brinton Anderson, Daniel Bjornn, Jeffrey Jenkins, C. Brock Kirwan, Anthony Vance Jan 2018

Improving Security Message Adherence Through Improved Comprehension: Neural And Behavioral Insights, Bonnie Brinton Anderson, Daniel Bjornn, Jeffrey Jenkins, C. Brock Kirwan, Anthony Vance

Faculty Publications

Security warnings are critical to help users make contextual security decisions. Unfortunately, users find these warnings hard to understand, and they routinely expose themselves to unintended risks as a result. Although it is straightforward to determine when users fail to understand a warning, it is more difficult to pinpoint why this happens. The goal of this research is to use eye tracking to step through the building blocks of comprehension—attention, semantics, syntax, and pragmatics—for SSL and other common security warnings. Through this process, we will identify ways to design security warnings to be more easily understood.

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Combat Neuroses And The Battle Of Little Big Horn, Albert Winkler Jan 2018

Combat Neuroses And The Battle Of Little Big Horn, Albert Winkler

Faculty Publications

Combat stress first became a subject of much academic inquiry in the 20th century, but soldiers certainly suffered from mental problems in the 19th century as well as a result of battle, including the Little Big Horn. The purpose of this study is to examine how the stress of the Little Big Horn disturbed the participating trooper mentally and how these men suffered from symptoms related to combat neurosis such as panic, insanity, and irrational behavior which the men demonstrated during the battle and afterward.

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