Digital Commons Network^™

Elevated Pressure Increases Ca2+ Influx Through Ampa Receptors In Select Populations Of Retinal Ganglion Cells, Xiangyi Wen, Asia L. Cahill, Cody Barta, Wallace B. Thoreson, Scott Nawy

Journal Articles: Ophthalmology

The predominate type of AMPA receptor expressed in the CNS is impermeable to Ca²⁺ (CI-AMPAR). However, some AMPA receptors are permeable to Ca²⁺ (CP-AMPAR) and play important roles in development, plasticity and disease. In the retina, ganglion cells (RGCs) are targets of disease including glaucoma and diabetic retinopathy, but there are many types of RGCs and not all types are targeted equally. In the present study, we sought to determine if there are differences in expression of AMPARs amongst RGC subtypes, and if these differences might contribute to differential vulnerability in a model of stress. Using cultured RGCs …

An Examination Of Cyanotoxins And Environmental Estrogens In The Middle And Upper Potomac River Watershed, Usa, Ryan Patrick Braham

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The Potomac River is a large tributary of the Chesapeake Bay. Large fish die-offs were reported in the Potomac watershed (specifically the South Branch of the Potomac) in 2002 and 2005, as well as smaller episodic events in recent years which have no clear correlation to any one pathogen or contaminant. Although a variety of pathogens have been identified (such as trematodes, myxozoans, Aeromonas hydrophila, A. salmonicida, Flavobacterium columnare , and largemouth bass virus) in recent die-offs of smallmouth bass Micropterus dolomieu, no clear cause has been derived. Additionally, reproductive endpoints were reported in smallmouth bass and likely associated with …

Regulatory And Financial Influence Of Federal Government Activities On Local Economies: A Three Essay Approach, Brianne Renee Firth

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

This dissertation examines the effects of federal government activities on local economies. Three research questions are addressed: How do federal environmental regulations influence local economic growth?, What regional factors influence the spatial distribution of federal conservation programs?, and How does location-based federal funding effect economic resilience within the targeted region? Regional economic analysis, spatial analysis, and spatial econometric techniques are implemented to answer these questions.

The first essay examines the effects of the air pollution standards on county level economic growth. The results illustrate, in the long run, the impacted regions have adapted to the changes in the pollution standards. …

The Integration Of Extrinsic And Intrinsic Neuromodulators In The Olfactory System, Kristyn M. Lizbinski

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Neuromodulation is a ubiquitous feature of neural systems, allowing flexible, context specific control over network dynamics by adjusting the biophysical and synaptic properties of neurons. Neuromodulation was first described in invertebrate motor systems and early work established a basic dichotomy for neuromodulation as having either an intrinsic origin (i.e. neurons that participate in network coding) or an extrinsic origin (i.e. neurons from independent networks). Although this dichotomy has been thoroughly considered in motor systems, it has received far less attention in sensory systems. Furthermore, nervous systems are continually subject to a dynamic cocktail of both intrinsic and extrinsic modulators. However, …

Effects Of Pre-Breeding Management On Ewe Lamb Fertility, Sarah Nancy Carr

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Ewe lambs comprise 30% of the breeding flock; however, fertility is 20-30% lower than that of an adult ewe. Lower fertility has been correlated with lower ADG, liveweight, and body composition prior to breeding and research suggests that it can be improved with proper nutritional management. The objective of this research was to evaluate the effects of pre-breeding management practices on ewe lamb fertility.;In replicate 1, 313 Dorset X Texel (DT) and 74 Katahdin (KT) ewe lambs were assigned to a high (0.68 kg/head/day) or low (0.23 kg/head/day) grain supplementation for two months prior to breeding. Liveweights were recorded bi-weekly …

Urban Exile: City Poetry By Modern American Women, Hatley Clifford

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Urban Exile: City Poetry by Modern American Women examines women's experience of urbanism in the early twentieth century, as depicted in the poetry of four modernist American women writers: Edna St. Vincent Millay, Amy Lowell, Evelyn Scott, and Lola Ridge. I bring to light a common experience of urban exile: a persistent state of insecurity, displacement, damage, and marginalization of women in cities. My work brings women and American women's poetry into the critical conversation about city literature, a conversation that has mostly focused on the experience of men in cities told by male writers. Recuperating the theme of urban …

Javier Sicilia: Advocate Of Deliberative Democracy In The Americas, Lyon Rathbun

Writing and Language Studies Faculty Publications

When Javier Sicilia’s son was killed by cartel assassins in 2011, he transformed into a civic activist, with a mass following sufficiently large for Time Magazine to recognize him in 2011 as one of its “Protestors of the Year.” His very success mobilizing public opinion against cartel violence overshadows his more fundamental role as an advocate for deliberative democracy in the Americas. Sicilia’s historical importance lies in his recognition that only civic dialogue within the transnational public sphere that includes Mexico and the United States can heal the social pathologies unleashed by globalization and by the war on drugs. His …

How To Foster Respect For Animals? Superiority, Dissimilarity, And Prejudice, Matteo Colombo

Animal Sentience

Chapman & Huffman (C & H) might be taken to argue as follows: Humans may treat animals however they want only if humans are superior to animals. But humans are not superior to animals. Therefore, humans may not treat animals however they want. Whatever its merit, this is not C & H’s actual argument. Their point, instead, is that humans often mistreat animals because they tend to perceive them as inferior. A remedy for animal mistreatment would then be acknowledging the deep similarities between us and animals. But is C & H’s suggested remedy likely to be effective to foster …

America’S Relation To World Order: Two Indictments, Two Thought Experiments, And A Misquotation, Philip C. Bobbitt

Faculty Scholarship

The State is undergoing a crisis of legitimacy owing to its inability to cope with novel problems of weapons proliferation, transnational threats including climate change, a fragile global financial infrastructure, cultural influences carried by electronic communications, and an undemocratic regime of human rights law. These fatal inadequacies are summoning forth a new constitutional order, the latest in a series of century-spanning archetypal regimes that have arisen since the Renaissance and the collapse of feudalism. A backlash against the harbingers of this new order, however, is crippling the development of those modes of action that are required to deal with the …

Elementary Art Education, Innovation, And Darwin's Paradox, Mark Graham, Stephen Moore

Faculty Publications

Innovation and learning come together in a vibrant manner during dynamic arts education classes led by teachers who understand the importance of collaboration and student improvisation.

Strontium Isotope Analysis In The Eastern Great Basin: Potential Challenges, Rewards, And A Fremont Case Study, David Yoder, Spencer Lambert, Michael T. Searcy

Faculty Publications

Over the last 20 years strontium (Sr) isotope analysis has become a powerful tool in the study of prehistoric human behavior; especially for patterns of movement, migration, and trade. While used in many other parts of the world to determine if an individual or animal was local or non-local to the area in which they were found, this technique has been under utilized in the Great Basin. In this presentation we will outline the regionally specific challenges researchers face in using Sr analysis in the eastern Great Basin; the potential insights we may gain in understanding prehistoric culture and behavior; …

Denialism And Muddying The Water Or Organized Skepticism And Clarity? That Is The Question, Ben Diggles, Howard I. Browman

Animal Sentience

The research being commented on here has been criticized and defended in journals. Sneddon et al. (2018) add nothing substantive. We have nothing further to add. Readers are referred to Diggles (2018) and to Browman et al. (2018) for a detailed assessment.

Fish Are Smart And Feel Pain: What About Joy?, Becca Franks, Jeff Sebo, Alexandra Horowitz

Animal Sentience

Sneddon et al. rightly point out that the evidence of fish pain is now so strong and comprehensive that arguments against it have become increasingly difficult to defend in balanced academic discourse. But sentience involves more than just pain. Recent research indicates that fish have an impressive range of cognitive capacities, including the capacity for pleasure, in the form of play and other behaviors likely to involve positively valenced experience. Having made the case for pain, research can now focus on other aspects of fish sentience. Doing so will not only provide a more complete picture of the mental lives …

Comprehensive Assessment Of Restoration Seedings To Improve Restoration Success, Kari E. Veblen, Thomas Monaco, Jason Vernon, Danny Summers, Kevin Gunnell, Eric Thacker, Joe Robins, Lacey Wilder, Corinna Riginos

Wildland Resources Faculty Publications

Restoration projects rely on seedling establishment and persistence to foster invasion resistance and improve resilience to environmental stress and disturbance (James et al. 2010; Chambers et al. 2014). However, few studies have comprehensively evaluated the landscape-level performance of seeded species or the factors that control their short-term establishment and long-term persistence (Hardegree et al. 2011; Knutson et al. 2014). Assessing the role of these factors across physiographic regions that experience high temporal and spatial variability in environmental conditions will reveal the effectiveness of various pre-seeding land treatments and enhance our capacity to select appropriate restoration species for specific ecological sites …

Microscale Gene Expression Analysis Of Tumor-Associated Macrophages, Kuldeep S. Attri, Kamiya Mehla, Surendra K. Shukla, Pankaj K. Singh

Journal Articles: Eppley Institute

Macrophages, apart from being the key effector cells of the innate immune system, also play critical roles during the development and progression of various complex diseases, including cancer. Tumor-associated macrophages, infiltrate tumors during different stages of cancer progression to regulate motility, invasion, and intravasation to metastatic sites. Macrophages can exist in different polarization states associated with unique function in tumors. Since tumor-associated macrophages constitute a very small proportion of tumor cells, analysis of gene expression pattern using normal extraction buffer-based methods remains a challenging task. Therefore, it is imperative to develop low-throughput strategies to investigate transcriptional regulations from a small …

Early Proceedings Of The Association Of Professors Of Mission. Vol 1, Robert A. Danielson, David E. Fenrick

Academic Books

No abstract provided.

Hannah Whitall Smith : The Feminist Connections Of A Holiness Icon, Robert Alden Danielson

Academic Books

No abstract provided.

Microrna Cluster Mir199a/214 Are Differentially Expressed In Female And Male Rats Following Nicotine Self-Administration, Steven T. Pittenger, Victoria L. Schaal, Dalia Moore, Rahul S. Guda, Sneh Koul, Sowmya V. Yelamanchili, Rick A. Bevins, Gurudutt Pendyala

Journal Articles: Pharmacology & Experimental Neuroscience

Previous research has established sex differences associated with nicotine intake, however a significant gap in knowledge remains regarding the molecular mechanisms that govern these differences at the transcriptional level. One critical regulator of transcription are microRNAs (miRNAs). miRNAs are a family of non-coding RNAs that regulate an array of important biological functions altered in several disease states, including neuroadaptive changes within the brain associated with drug dependence. We examined the prefrontal cortex (PFC) from male and female Sprague-Dawley rats following self-administration (22 days) of nicotine or yoked saline controls using next generation RNA-Sequencing (RNA-Seq) technology and found an array of …

Mir-133a Mimic Alleviates T1dm-Induced Systolic Dysfunction In Akita: An Mri-Based Study, Shyam S. Nandi, Hamid R. Shahshahan, Quanliang Shang, Shelby Kutty, Michael D. Boska, Paras K. Mishra

Journal Articles: Pediatrics

Diabetic cardiomyopathy is a leading cause of heart failure. Developing a novel therapeutic strategy for diabetic cardiomyopathy and characterizing animal models used for diabetes mellitus (DM) are important. Insulin 2 mutant (Ins2^+/-) Akita is a spontaneous, genetic, mouse model for T1DM, which is relevant to humans. There are contrasting reports on systolic dysfunction and pathological remodeling (hypertrophy and fibrosis) in Akita heart. Here, we used magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) approach, a gold standard reference for evaluating cardiac function, to measure ejection fraction (indicator of systolic dysfunction) in Akita. Moreover, we performed Wheat Germ Agglutinin (WGA) and hematoxylin and …

Selective Infarct Zone Imaging With Intravenous Acoustically Activated Droplets, Songita A. Choudhury, Feng Xie, Shelby Kutty, John Lof, Elizabeth Stolze, Thomas R. Porter

Journal Articles: Pediatrics

BACKGROUND: Microbubbles (MB) can be compressed to nanometer-sized droplets and reactivated with diagnostic ultrasound; these reactivated MB possess unique imaging characteristics.

OBJECTIVE: We hypothesized that droplets formed from compressing Definity MB may be used for infarct-enhancement imaging.

METHODS: Fourteen rats underwent ligation of their left anterior descending (LAD) artery, and five pigs underwent 90 minute balloon occlusions of their mid LAD. At 48 hours in rats, transthoracic ultrasound was performed at two and four minutes following 200 μL intravenous injections (IVI) of Definity droplets (DD), at which point the MI was increased from 0.5 to 1.5 to assess for a …

Leveraging Social Science Expertise In Immigration Policy, Ming Hsu Chen

Faculty Scholarship

The longstanding uncertainty about how policymakers should grapple with social science demonstrating racism persists in the modern administrative state. This Essay examines the uses and misuses of social science and expertise in immigration policymaking. More specifically, it highlights three immigration policies that dismiss social scientific findings and expertise as part of presidential and agency decision- making: border control, crime control, and extreme vetting of refugees to prevent terrorism. The Essay claims that these rejections of expertise undermine both substantive and procedural protections for immigrants and undermine important functions of the administrative state as a curb on irrationality in policymaking. It …

'Fraternité' In Echr Jurisprudence, Andrea Scoseria Katz, Paulo Pinto De Albuquerque

Scholarship@WashULaw

Solidarity rights can increasingly be found in the jurisprudence of the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR), the preeminent rights-protecting body in the world. This article examples three specific spheres in which the ideal of solidarity has left its mark on the Court’s jurisprudence: (1) society’s obligation to its most vulnerable members; (2) the right to collective enjoyment of public goods like the environment; and (3) the rights of particular groups to self-development. It examines the manner and extent that such rights have been instantiated and the theoretical difficulties they pose to a human rights court.

Law's Evolving Emergent Phenomena: From Rules Of Social Intercourse To Rule Of Law Society, Brian Z. Tamanaha

Scholarship@WashULaw

Law involves institutions rooted in the history of a society that evolve in relation to surrounding social, psychological, cultural, economic, political, technological, and ecological influences. Law must be understood naturalistically, historically, and holistically. In my usage, naturalism views humans as social animals with natural traits and requirements, historicism presents law as historical manifestations that change over time, and holism sees law within social surroundings. These insights inform my perspective in A Realistic Theory of Law. While these propositions might seem obvious, few works in contemporary jurisprudence build around them.

In this essay, I draw on the notion of emergence …

Labor Unions, Solidarity, And Money, Marion G. Crain, Ken Matheny

Scholarship@WashULaw

For labor, 2018 was a year of highs and lows. A wave of teachers’ strikes in states traditionally hostile to public sector labor unionism and collective bargaining garnered widespread popular support. The passions animated by the strikes were credited with inspiring a range of progressive political shifts, including the rollback of right to work laws in Missouri and new challengers running on education platforms aimed at increasing investment in public education. Less than three months later, the Supreme Court issued its decision in Janus v. AFSCME, Council 31 invalidating agency fees that public sector unions relied on to cover costs …

Reginald Heber Smith And Justice And The Poor In The 21st Century, John M.A. Dipippa

Campbell Law Review

Reginald Heber Smith's 1919 book, Justice and the Poor, is one of the most important books about the legal profession in history. It found that people without money were denied access to the courts. Smith argued that this failure to provide equal justice undermined the social fabric of the nation. Accordingly, he urged a number of actions, including simplifying court procedures, creating small claims courts, and providing the poor with access to lawyers. These lawyers would deliver a full range of legal services to their clients, including seeking reform of the substantive laws that burdened the poor. Smith's book shamed …

Perez: A Call For A Renewed Look At Chevron, Jurisdictional Questions, And Statutory Silence, Spencer S. Fritts

Campbell Law Review

In City of Arlington v. FCC, the Supreme Court ended the debate over whether an agency's interpretation of the scope of its jurisdiction should receive Chevron deference, answering in the affirmative. This Comment, however, argues that the Supreme Court should revisit this issue and establish a no-deference rule for jurisdictional cases in which the agency's assertion of power comes from statutory silence.

The Ninth Circuit's recent decision in Oregon Restaurant & Lodging Ass'n v. Perez serves as the vehicle for illustrating the necessity of this Comment's proposed no-deference rule. This Comment examines how the Perez decision fits within this narrow …

A Model Code Of Conduct For Student-Edited Law-Journal Submissions, Scott Dodson, Jacob Hirsch

Faculty Scholarship

No abstract provided.

Our Imperiled Absolutist First Amendment, Zachary S. Price

Faculty Scholarship

No abstract provided.

Should The Rules Committees Have An Advocacy Role?, Scott Dodson

Faculty Scholarship

No abstract provided.

Defending Jurisdiction, Scott Dodson

Faculty Scholarship

No abstract provided.