Digital Commons Network^™

Modeling Soot Oxidation And Gasification With Bayesian Statistics, Alexander Jon Josephson, Neal D. Gaffin, Sean T. Smith, Thomas H. Fletcher, David Lignell

Faculty Publications

This paper presents a statistical method for model calibration using data collected from literature. The method is used to calibrate parameters for global models of soot consumption in combustion systems. This consumption is broken into two different submodels: first for oxidation where soot particles are attacked by certain oxidizing agents; second for gasification where soot particles are attacked by H2O or CO2 molecules. Rate data were collected from 19 studies in the literature and evaluated using Bayesian statistics to calibrate the model parameters. Bayesian statistics are valued in their ability to quantify uncertainty in modeling. The calibrated consumption model with …

Effects Of Laryngeal Activity On Articulation, Christopher Dromey, Katherine M. Black

Faculty Publications

Abstract—This study examined the effects of three speech conditions (voiced, whispered, and mouthed) on global average measures of articulatory movement during sentence production. Participants were 20 adults (ten males and ten females) with no history of speech, language, or hearing disorders. They produced six target utterances in the three speaking conditions. Movements of the following articulators were recorded with an electromagnetic articulograph: Mid tongue, front of tongue, jaw, lower lip, and upper lip. The kinematic metrics were averages derived from movement strokes defined by minima in the speed record of each articulator. These measures revealed a number of significant changes …

Corticosteroid-Laba Inhalers Increase Phonation Threshold Pressure (Ptp) And Flow (Ptf) In Rabbits, Christopher Dromey, Kristine Tanner, Heidi J. Robison, Maya Elena Stevens, Ray M. Merrill, Julie Barkmeier-Kraemer, Ben Christensen

Faculty Publications

Objectives: This study examined the effects of a combination corticosteroid plus long-acting beta2-adrenergic agonist inhaler (IC) on rabbit phonation. Methods: White New Zealand male rabbits were assigned randomly to experimental and control groups (n = 11 per group). The experimental group received twice-daily doses of Advair HFA™ (fluticasone propionate 45 mcg and salmeterol 21 mcg) via a veterinary facemask with 1-way valve and spacer; the control group received aerosolized saline. After 8 weeks, animals were euthanized, larynges excised, frozen, and subsequently thawed and mounted on a standard bench apparatus. Phonation was elicited during 15 successive trials, and phonation threshold pressure …

Effects Of Voice-Sparing Cricotracheal Resection On Phonation In Women, Christopher Dromey, Kristine Tanner, Mark L. Berardi, Lisa M. Mattei, Jenny L. Pierce, Jonathan J. Wisco, Eric J. Hunter, Marshall E. Smith

Faculty Publications

Introduction: Individuals with idiopathic subglottic stenosis (SGS) are at risk for voice disorders prior to and following surgical management. This study examined the nature and severity of voice disorders in patients with SGS before and after a revised cricotracheal resection (CTR) procedure designed to minimize adverse effects on voice function. Method: Eleven women with idiopathic SGS provided presurgical and postsurgical audio recordings. Voice Handicap Index (VHI) scores were also collected. Cepstral, signal-to-noise, periodicity, and fundamental frequency (F0) analyses wereundertaken for connected speech and sustained vowel samples. Listeners made auditory-perceptual ratings of overall qualityand monotonicity.Results: Paired samples statistical analyses revealed that …

Language Of Intervention In Bilingual Children With Autism Spectrum Disorders, Connie Summers, Vanessa Smith, Vannesa Mueller, Victoria Alexander, Amelie Muzza

Faculty Publications

Selecting the appropriate language of intervention for bilingual children with language impairment is difficult, especially for bilingual children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) as their families are often encouraged by professionals to select one language only for communication. The limited evidence supports the use of bilingual language interventions when working with bilingual children with ASD. The current study sought to expand this limited work by presenting preliminary data of the effects of a bilingual and monolingual treatment condition on the language skills of two bilingual children with ASD (ages 3 and 5) using an alternating treatment, single-subject design. The two …

Open Group Study Rooms At The Harold B. Lee Library, Byu, Michael J. Whitchurch, Quincey Mckeen

Faculty Publications

Curriculum on the campus of Brigham Young University requiring group work continues to increase while study space continues to be requested by the students. We continually innovate different ways to accommodate such requests. One such way we have attempted to fulfill these requests is by creating different types of study spaces. In our learning commons we recently installed four open study rooms which, unlike all other study rooms in the library, do not require a reservation. This paper reports on a study we underwent using three assessment methods to determine how the rooms are used.

Effects Of Speech Intensity On Acoustic And Kinematic Articulatory Working Space, Christopher Dromey, Panika Palmer, Jason Whitfield

Faculty Publications

Acoustic measures calculated from the formant frequencies of corner vowels, such as the vowel space areas of triangles or quadrilaterals, have often been used as a window into articulatory function. Other measures, such as the formant centralization ratio (Sapir, Ramig, Spielman, & Fox, 2010), have been suggested as more sensitive alternatives. The purpose of this study was to compare changes in acoustic and kinematic measures of articulation across soft, comfortable, and loud speech conditions using both corner vowel-based and sentence level metrics. There were 19 participants, 9 male and 10 female, with ages ranging from 20 to 34 years. Each …

Incorporating Spanish Language Instruction Into Health Sciences Programs In A Hispanic-Serving Institution, Connie Summers, Vannesa Mueller, Celia Pechak, Jeri J. Sias

Faculty Publications

Patient-provider language discordance is a growing problem in health care among Spanish-speaking patients. To produce graduates capable of linguistically competent care, three university programs are incorporating Spanish language instruction into their curricula (pharmacy, physical therapy, and speech-language pathology). We review these three models of Spanish language training and summarize the lessons learned to date. Differences in the training models reflect fundamental differences regarding the use of spoken language in the disciplines.

Vocal Fry Use In Adult Female Speakers Exposed To Two Languages, Todd A. Gibson, Connie Summers, Sydney Walls

Faculty Publications

Summary: Objective. Several studies have identified the widespread use of vocal fry among American women. Popular explanations for this phenomenon appeal to sociolinguistic purposes that likely take significant time for second language users to learn. The objective of this study was to determine if mere exposure to this vocal register, as opposed to nuanced sociolinguistic motivations, might explain its widespread use. Study Design. This study used multigroup within- and between-subjects design. Methods. Fifty-eight women from one of three language background groups (functionally monolingual in English, functionally monolingual in Spanish, and Spanish-English bilinguals) living in El Paso, Texas, repeated a list …

William Clark’S Impossible: The Sentimental Imperialist And The War Of 1812, Jay H. Buckley

Faculty Publications

William Clark stood silently, reflecting upon his first meeting with Brulé Chief Black Bull Buffalo (Untongarabar) over a decade previous, on September 24, 1804, at the Lakota village near the mouth of the Bad River in present-day South Dakota. For three days Black Buffalo, the Partisan, and Buffalo Medicine parlayed with Lewis and Clark. On September 28, as the expedition prepared to leave, a few Lakota warriors became so heated that Clark had actually drawn his sword. Fortunately, Black Buffalo’s presence prevented bloodshed. He even accompanied Lewis and Clark upstream, perhaps as a hostage, in order to discourage the Lakotas …

Pretending To Be An Art Teacher, Mark Graham, Bart Francis, Daniel T. Barney

Faculty Publications

As teachers, we often experience fears of uncertainty and failure. These are moments of not knowing, or moments of the as-yet-unknown. We often resist these moments by filling them with the known and patching them with standardized solutions, planning, and explanations. Schools impose rules, curricular designs, and classroom management on teachers. To resist these constraints, teaching can be a performance of un/doing, a place of anguish, of chance and risk. When Bart writes “Pretender” on his apron, he disrupts the ordinary relationship between teacher and students by sharing the unspoken vulnerabilities of teaching, learning, and art making. As a symbol …

The Effects Of Stimulus Rate On Abr Morphology And Its Relationship To P1 Caep Responses And Auditory Speech Perception Outcomes In Children With Auditory Neuropathy Spectrum Disorder Evidence From Case Reports, Garrett Cardon, Rosemary J. Mcknight, Hannah Glick, Anu Sharma

Faculty Publications

Objective: Auditory neuropathy spectrum disorder (ANSD) affects approximately 5–15% of children with sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL). ANSD is characterized by the presence of otoacoustic emissions (OAE) and an absent or abnormal auditory brainstem response (ABR). The purpose of this study was to investigate the prognostic value of slow-rate ABR in predicting the auditory cortical development and auditory speech perception outcomes in case studies of children with ANSD. Design: ABR waveform characteristics were collected at slow stimulation rates (5.1 clicks/second) and a fast stimulation rates (>11–31.1 clicks/second, rates typically used in a clinical setting) in three case reports of children …

The Linguistic Effects Of A Changing Timber Industry: Language Change In Cowlitz County, Wa, Joseph A. Stanley

Faculty Publications

Hypothesis: Linguistic changes happened because of the changing timber industry.

Cowlitz County, Washington:

• Sparsely populated before 1920s
• Longview founded in 1923 by R. A. Long - two large lumber mills
• Population ≈ 35,000
• Right off I-5, two hours south of Seattle and one hour north of Portland

The West:

• cot-caught merger
• fronting of /u/
• lack of Southern, Midland, and Canadian features

Online Learner Engagement: Opportunities And Challenges With Using Data Analytics, Robert Bodily, Charles R. Graham, Michael D. Bush

Faculty Publications

This article describes the crossroads between learning analytics and learner engagement. The authors do this by describing specific challenges of using analytics to support student engagement from three distinct perspectives: pedagogical considerations, technological issues, and interface design concerns. While engaging online learners presents a major challenge to the educational community, the affordances of online learning environments and new advances in data analytics present many opportunities that can lead to improvements in our ability to fully engage students. The authors' work specifically underscores the fact that no single tool or system will be able to address all of the challenges involved. …

Williams & Jacobs, Llc: A Deposition On Business, Monte Swain, Steven D. Smith, William B. Tayler

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

An Evaluation Of The General Vs. Specialist Nature Of Top Accounting Journals, Scott L. Summers, David A. Wood

Faculty Publications

Academic research has a role in advancing and enlightening society in broad areas of study. Many forces interact to influence the directions, topics, and methodologies used in research. In this paper, we explore and discuss the relationships between the top general-interest and specialist accounting journals. We test whether top journals (e.g., “Top 3” or “Top 6”), relative to a set of high-quality but specialist journals, (1) are perceived to be general in what they will consider publishing, (2) have historically published diverse sets of articles, (3) have editorial board members with diverse sets of interests and skills, and (4) publish …

Factors Influencing Recruitment Of Non-Accounting Business Professionals Into Internal Auditing, Geoffrey D. Bartlett, Joleen Kremin, K. Kelli Saunders, David A. Wood

Faculty Publications

This paper examines factors affecting non-accounting business professionals’ willingness to work in internal auditing. In a 2 x 6 experiment with 502 participants from across the country, we find that, in contrast to prior research examining accountants, business professionals have relatively favorable views of internal audit. Although they hold favorable views, participants were still less likely to apply for a position labeled as internal audit than an identical position with an alternate label. Varying the structure of internal audit, including job responsibilities, career path, and sourcing arrangement, did not affect participants’ willingness to apply for an internal audit position. We …

The Effects Of Gamification On Corporate Compliance Training: A Field Experiment Of True Office Anti-Corruption Training Programs, Ryan J. Baxter, D. Kip Holderness, David A. Wood

Faculty Publications

Companies rely on internal controls to comply with the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act and the U.K. Bribery Act. One such control is anti-corruption employee training. Although corporate training is a key component of anti-fraud policies and procedures, it is often perceived as dull by employees. To motivate greater engagement, firms are experimenting with training that involves elements of digital games, known as gamification. We perform a field experiment with 158 employees of a large, multinational bank to examine the effectiveness of gamified anticorruption training. We find that employees strongly prefer gamified training to traditional, nongamified training and that gamified …

The Impact Of Shadow It Systems On Perceived Information Credibility And Managerial Decision Making, Noah Myers, Matthew Starliper, Scott L. Summers, David A. Wood

Faculty Publications

Business trends show that more and more employees are creating shadow IT systems—IT systems that are not sanctioned or monitored by the IT department. This paper examines how the use of shadow IT in product costing impacts managers’ perceptions of information credibility and managerial decision-making. Using two experiments, we find that participants view information from shadow IT systems as less credible and they are less impacted by and less willing to rely on costing reports produced from shadow IT systems versus non-shadow IT systems. We also find that although participants are concerned about the credibility of shadow IT systems, they …

The Internet As An Information Intermediary, Michael S. Drake, Jacob Thornock, Brady J. Twedt

Faculty Publications

The internet is an enormous and growing source of information for investors about the opinions of others. Virtually any individual with internet access can express opinions about firms and editorialize about company news. However, to date we know very little about the impact these nontraditional internet intermediaries have on markets. We develop a framework wherein internet information intermediaries fall along a spectrum of professionalism and document a nuanced relationship between coverage by these intermediaries and capital market effects. Using a novel dataset that tracks coverage of companies by individuals posting on thousands of websites, we find that coverage by professional …

The Evolution Of 10-K Textual Disclosure: Evidence From Latent Dirichlet Allocation, Travis Dyer, Mark Lang, Lorien Stice-Lawrence

Faculty Publications

We document marked trends in 10-K disclosure over the period 1996–2013, with increases in length, boilerplate, stickiness, and redundancy and decreases in specificity, readability, and the relative amount of hard information. We use Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) to examine specific topics and find that new FASB and SEC requirements explain most of the increase in length and that 3 of the 150 topics—fair value, internal controls, and risk factor disclosures—account for virtually all of the increase. These three disclosures also play a major role in explaining the trends in the remaining textual characteristics.

The Effect Of Industry Co-Location On Analysts’ Information Acquisition Costs, Jared Jennings, Joshua A. Lee, Dawn Matsumoto

Faculty Publications

We examine how the co-location of firms in the same industry affects analysts’ cost of gathering and processing information. We find that when the firms in an analyst’s portfolio are located farther away from other firms in the same industry, the analyst’s portfolio size is smaller and average forecast accuracy is lower. We further find that the additional costs that analysts incur to follow distant firms are amplified when earnings are more difficult to forecast. Lastly, we provide some evidence that managers are more knowledgeable about other firms in the same geographic area. Specifically, managers are more likely to reference …

How Does Intentional Earnings Smoothing Vary With Managerial Ability?, Peter Demerjian, Melissa F. Lewis-Western, Sarah Mcvay

Faculty Publications

We investigate if high-ability managers are more likely to intentionally smooth earnings, a form of earnings management, and when they are more likely to do so. Although prior studies provide evidence that high-ability managers report higher quality earnings, the literature does not indicate whether this behavior is common because of (or happens in spite of) high-ability managers’ intentional smoothing activities. We find that (1) high-ability managers are significantly more likely to engage in intentional smoothing, (2) their intentional smoothing is associated with improved future operating performance, and (3) their intentional smoothing is more prevalent when the smoothing either benefits shareholders, …

An Examination Of Firms’ Responses To Tax Forgiveness, Terry Shevlin, Jacob Thornock, Braden Williams

Faculty Publications

This study uses state tax amnesties to examine how firms respond to forgiveness—particularly repeated forgiveness—by a taxing authority. We posit that tax forgiveness programs alter taxpayer perceptions of the probability of detection by enforcers or the probability of future forgiveness programs, either of which could affect future tax aggressiveness. We find that firms headquartered in an amnesty-granting state increase state income tax aggressiveness following the first instance of tax amnesty, relative to control firms in other states. Moreover, we find evidence that tax aggressiveness incrementally increases with each additional repetition of a tax amnesty. Finally, we find that the effect …

Changes In Corporate Effective Tax Rates Over The Past 25 Years, Scott D. Dyreng, Michelle Hanlon, Edward L. Maydew, Jacob Thornock

Faculty Publications

We investigate systematic changes in corporate effective tax rates over the past 25 years and find that effective tax rates have decreased significantly. Contrary to conventional wis- dom, the decline in effective tax rates is not concentrated in multinational firms; effective tax rates have declined at approximately the same rate for both multinational and domes- tic firms. Moreover, within multinational firms, both foreign and domestic effective rates have decreased. Finally, changes in firm characteristics and declining foreign statutory tax rates explain little of the overall decrease in effective rates.

Auditors’ Response To Assessments Of High Control Risk: Further Insights*, Timothy Seidel

Faculty Publications

Auditing standards prescribe a risk-based approach where auditors assess the risk of material misstatement and then design and perform audit procedures to reduce audit risk to an appropriately low level. Prior research suggests that auditors are responsive to high control-risk assessment (CRA), but that this response is, perhaps, only partially effective at reducing audit risk, with relatively little insight into where and why this occurs. By refining analyses to more detailed levels of the audit, I extend this research by providing further insight into auditors’ response to high CRA. I examine and find that audit fees are significantly higher for …

Irs Attention, Zahn Bozanic, Jeffrey L. Hoopes, Jacob Thornock, Braden M. Williams

Faculty Publications

We study how public and private disclosure requirements interact to influence both tax regulator enforcement and firm disclosure. To capture IRS enforcement activities, we introduce a novel data set of IRS acquisition of firms’ public financial disclosures, which we label IRS attention. We examine the implementation of two new disclosure requirements that potentially alter IRS attention: FIN 48, which increased public tax disclosure requirements, and Schedule UTP, which increased private tax disclosure. We find that IRS attention increased following FIN 48 but subsequently decreased following Schedule UTP, consistent with public and private disclosure interacting to influence tax enforcement. We next …

2017 Weed Science Research Report – Blue Section, Ndsu Weed Science, Dept. Of Plant Sciences

Plant Sciences Weed Science Reports

The Weed Science team at North Dakota State University conduct field research in the State of North Dakota. This specific document reports on field research conducted in 2017. It includes work on corn, soybean and the management of several weeds in North Dakota.

2017 Weed Science Research Report – Tan Section, Ndsu Weed Science, Dept. Of Plant Sciences

Plant Sciences Weed Science Reports

The Weed Science team at North Dakota State University conduct field research in the State of North Dakota. This specific document reports on field research conducted in 2017. It includes work on adjuvants, spray quality and the management of several weeds in North Dakota.

2017-2018 Nursing Graduate Student Handbook, Morehead State University. Nursing Department.

Nursing Department Publications Archive

2017-2018 Graduate Student Handbook for the Department of Nursing at Morehead State University.