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2017

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Establishing The Structure Function Relationship Of Polypyridyl Ruthenium And Berenil-Type Compounds In The Formation Of Complexes With B-Dna And/Or G-Quadruplex Dna, Clinton Gregory Mikek Dec 2017

Establishing The Structure Function Relationship Of Polypyridyl Ruthenium And Berenil-Type Compounds In The Formation Of Complexes With B-Dna And/Or G-Quadruplex Dna, Clinton Gregory Mikek

Theses and Dissertations

Cancer results from the accumulation of genetic mutations in a normal cell that ultimately result in the expression (or overexpression) of oncogenes. The design of drugs having high affinity for specific DNA sequences or structural motifs is vital to gaining a better understanding of gene expression and to the development of new cancer treatments that are based on turning off oncogene expression. This dissertation presents studies of the binding of two ligand families, Berenil (DMZ), and ruthenium polypyridyl complexes (RPCs), to B-DNA and G-quadruplex (G4) DNA. The structureunction relationships for the interaction of these ligand families with DNA were probed …

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Genome Maintenance By Selenoprotein H In The Nucleolus, Li Zhang Dec 2017

Genome Maintenance By Selenoprotein H In The Nucleolus, Li Zhang

Theses and Dissertations

Selenoprotein H (SELENOH) is a nucleolar oxidoreductase with DNA binding properties whose function is not well understood. To determine the functional and physiological roles of SELENOH, a knockout of SELENOH was generated in cell lines using CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genomic deletion and in mice by targeted disruption. Based on the sequenced genome, the results of deduced protein sequences indicated various forms of mutants in the CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knockout, including a frame-shift by aberrant splicing and truncated SELENOH by early termination of the translation process. Loss of SELENOH in HeLa cells induced slow cell proliferation, the formation of giant multinucleated cells, accumulation of unrepaired …

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Genomics And Molecular Approaches To Delineate Pathogenesis Of Aeromonas Hydrophila, Aeromonas Veronii, And Edwardsiella Piscicida Infections In Fish, Hasan Cihad Tekedar Dec 2017

Genomics And Molecular Approaches To Delineate Pathogenesis Of Aeromonas Hydrophila, Aeromonas Veronii, And Edwardsiella Piscicida Infections In Fish, Hasan Cihad Tekedar

Theses and Dissertations

The U.S. aquaculture industry has become well established in the last three decades, and channel catfish aquaculture is the most significant component of this industry. Virulent Aeromonas hydrophila has been a serious disease problem since 2009 in the U.S. catfish aquaculture, and Aeromonas veronii and Edwardsiella piscicida are emerging pathogens of catfish. Therefore, this study aims to address fundamental questions on virulence mechanisms of these three fish pathogens, which I expect to support the development of control measures for preventing these diseases. In this study, E. piscicida and virulent Aeromonas hydrophila (vAh) genomes were sequenced, and comparative analyses were conducted …

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A Simulation Of Lfm Pulse-Doppler Radar And An Application Of Cohen-Daubechies-Feauveau Wavelets In Cfar Detection, Aaron Joshua Wright Dec 2017

A Simulation Of Lfm Pulse-Doppler Radar And An Application Of Cohen-Daubechies-Feauveau Wavelets In Cfar Detection, Aaron Joshua Wright

Theses and Dissertations

This thesis presents a simulation of an LFM pulse-Doppler radar for surface-to-air applications and compares the performance of multiple CFAR detectors in processing the resulting range-Doppler maps. Each CFAR detector is reviewed and simulated. Their effectiveness in reducing target masking is analyzed. In addition, a new CFAR detector, the RDWT-CA-CFAR detector, is developed that uses the CDF 5/3 wavelet to decompose the range-data of the range-Doppler map along the range dimension and filter the target data from the reference cells, as a means to reduce or eliminate target masking. The QccPack library is used to perform RDWT functions. It is …

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Authentic Leadership, Research Integrity, And Institutions Of Higher Learning: Why Focusing On Departmental Leadership Is Critical For Preserving The Sanctity Of Science, Katherine I. Echols Dec 2017

Authentic Leadership, Research Integrity, And Institutions Of Higher Learning: Why Focusing On Departmental Leadership Is Critical For Preserving The Sanctity Of Science, Katherine I. Echols

Theses and Dissertations

One of the most overlooked and complex problems that universities and colleges face nation-wide is how to reduce and eliminate research misconduct. Because of the confidential nature of allegations of research misconduct and the high rate of underreporting, administrators at scholarly institutions struggle with understanding the cause of such behavior. Without a clear picture of the prevalence of misconduct or the barriers to reporting, leaders at institutions of higher learning find themselves at a disadvantage when dealing with these problems. This uncertainty coupled with a growing regulatory emphasis from federal funding agencies, results in a reactionary approach while questionable practices …

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Student Perceptions Of The Impact Of Participation In Community College Mental Health Counseling On Retention, Graduation, And Transfer, Matt Jordan Quin Dec 2017

Student Perceptions Of The Impact Of Participation In Community College Mental Health Counseling On Retention, Graduation, And Transfer, Matt Jordan Quin

Theses and Dissertations

This dissertation examined community college transfer students’ perceptions of how mental health concerns interfere with academics, the ability to stay in school, graduate, and transfer to a 4-year university. The study also examined if community college transfer students perceive that mental health counseling improves their ability to stay in college, graduate from community college, and overcome barriers that interfere with the ability to transfer to a 4-year university. The study employed descriptive statistics and one-way between subjects ANOVAs to examine the effects of demographic characteristics and presenting mental health concerns on the ability to remain in community college, graduate from …

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Efficacy Of Novel Pyridinium Oximes In Preventing Neural Damage, Charles Andrew Leach Dec 2017

Efficacy Of Novel Pyridinium Oximes In Preventing Neural Damage, Charles Andrew Leach

Theses and Dissertations

Organophosphates are neurotoxic compounds that inhibit acetylcholinesterase producing excess cholinergic stimulation. This produces various toxic signs including excitotoxic neuronal damage. Oximes can be used as a treatment for organophosphate poisoning by reactivating inhibited acetylcholinesterase. Traditional oximes do not penetrate the blood-brain barrier, limiting protection of the central nervous system. Novel, brain-penetrating oximes have the potential to protect the brain from organophosphate induced damage. Adult male rats were used to examine the ability of model organophosphates to produce neuropathology and the ability of novel oximes to prevent this damage. Additionally, adult male rats were used to examine changes in gene expression …

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Capturing Aggregate And Binder Interaction Effects On Aging Via Mixture Testing For Single Aggregate Source Asphalt Mixtures, Bradley Scott Hansen Dec 2017

Capturing Aggregate And Binder Interaction Effects On Aging Via Mixture Testing For Single Aggregate Source Asphalt Mixtures, Bradley Scott Hansen

Theses and Dissertations

This thesis compares asphalt mixture properties before and after one year of field aging. Simple mixtures, one aggregate source for coarse, fine, and dust proportions, were developed and tested using four mixture tests to isolate asphalt-aggregate interaction. The results found asphalt-aggregate interaction effects and mixing temperature had considerable effects on mixture aging after 1 year. Differences in mass loss, rut depth, and indirect tensile strength that existed before aging became more pronounced after aging. This thesis’ results agree with the literature reviewed and generates new knowledge for mixture design and materials selection considerations for improved pavement performance. It is recommended …

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Demographic Variables As Predictors Of Seclusion And Restraints For Adult Psychiatric Inpatients, Oya Weston Hampton Dec 2017

Demographic Variables As Predictors Of Seclusion And Restraints For Adult Psychiatric Inpatients, Oya Weston Hampton

Theses and Dissertations

In psychiatric settings, the use of seclusion and/or restraints can be emotionally and psychologically traumatizing for patients. Patients often experience these interventions as inhumane and humiliating, and such interventions can have physical and mental adverse effects and in some cases can be fatal. This study examined the role of demographic, clinical, and hospital variables in predicting seclusion and/or restraint episodes in adult psychiatric inpatients. A total of 395 patients were included in the study. Adult psychiatric inpatients previously restrained (n = 91) were compared to psychiatric inpatients never restrained (n = 304). A binary logistic regression research design was used …

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"Deep" South: Mammoth Cave, Kentucky, And Environmental Knowledge, 1800-1974, Alyssa Diane Warrick Dec 2017

"Deep" South: Mammoth Cave, Kentucky, And Environmental Knowledge, 1800-1974, Alyssa Diane Warrick

Theses and Dissertations

Mammoth Cave in Kentucky is the longest known cave in the world. This dissertation examines the history of how scientists and non-scientists alike contributed to a growing body of knowledge about Mammoth Cave and how that knowledge in turn affected land use decisions in the surrounding neighborhood. During the nineteenth century visitors traveled through Mammoth Cave along with their guides, gaining knowledge of the cave by using their senses and spreading that knowledge through travel narratives. After the Civil War, cave guides, now free men who chose to stay in the neighborhood, used the cave as a way to build …

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Deterministic And Random Isogeometric Analysis Of Fluid Flow In Unsaturated Soils, Shahriar Shahrokhabadi Dec 2017

Deterministic And Random Isogeometric Analysis Of Fluid Flow In Unsaturated Soils, Shahriar Shahrokhabadi

Theses and Dissertations

The main objective of this research is to use IGA as an efficient and robust alternative for numerical simulation of unsaturated seepage problems. Moreover, this research develops an IGA-based probabilistic framework that can properly account for the variability of soil hydraulic properties in the simulations. In the first part, IGA is used in a deterministic framework to solve a head-based form of Richards’ equation. It is shown that IGA is able to properly simulate changes in pore pressure at the soils interface. In the second part of this research, a new probabilistic framework, named random IGA (RIGA), is developed. A …

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An Analysis Of Signaling Processes Leading To A Defense Response In Soybean, Brandon Trey Mcneece Dec 2017

An Analysis Of Signaling Processes Leading To A Defense Response In Soybean, Brandon Trey Mcneece

Theses and Dissertations

Plant-parasitic nematodes are the cause of devastating yield loss in vital agricultural crops around the world. Heterodera glycines, also referred to as soybean cyst nematode, is the main pathogen of Glycine max (soybean) causing more loss than all other pathogens of G. max combined. The resultant economic impact due to H. glycines in United States soybean production alone is estimated to account for an annual one-billion-dollar loss. Natural resistant genotypes have been found in trials to combat this pathogen. Of the resistant varieties identified, G. max[Peking/PI 548402] and G. max[PI 88788] are the major sources of resistance. Identification of genes …

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An Examination Of Child Abuse Disclosures In Mississippi: The Effects Of Child And Interviewer Characteristics, Morgan Colley Dec 2017

An Examination Of Child Abuse Disclosures In Mississippi: The Effects Of Child And Interviewer Characteristics, Morgan Colley

Theses and Dissertations

Each year, hundreds of thousands of children fall victim to child abuse in the United States, most often perpetrated by a parent or legal guardian (Children’s Bureau – An Office of the Administration for Children and Families, 2015). The current project used secondary data from a Children’s Advocacy Center to explore abuse disclosure rates in forensic interviews. The three main objectives of this project were as follows: 1) to determine whether children with certain demographic characteristics (i.e., race, gender, and age) were more likely to disclose abuse, 2) to determine whether interviewers with certain demographic characteristics (i.e., race and age) …

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Spatiotemporal Variation In Space Use By Eastern Wild Turkeys In Mississippi, Ryo Ogawa Dec 2017

Spatiotemporal Variation In Space Use By Eastern Wild Turkeys In Mississippi, Ryo Ogawa

Theses and Dissertations

Spatiotemporal variation in animal space use is critical for understanding how individual animals respond to changes in resource availability across space and time. My study was aimed to: 1) determine functional responses of habitat selection by eastern wild turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo silvestris) across 7 study sites in Mississippi; and 2) determine the effect of temporal vegetation variation on order-II habitat selection by wild turkeys over 12 years. I developed resource selection functions using radio telemetry location data. Individual-specific coefficients of order-III habitat selection for forest were related inversely to forest availability in meta-regressions. Yearly coefficients of order-II habitat selection for …

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Student Loan Debt For Community College Transfer Students And How Debt Information Letters Impact Future Borrowing Decisions, Kenneth Paul Mckinney Dec 2017

Student Loan Debt For Community College Transfer Students And How Debt Information Letters Impact Future Borrowing Decisions, Kenneth Paul Mckinney

Theses and Dissertations

There has been a proliferation of student loan debt over the past decade. The indebtedness that students incur while attending college reduces their discretionary income once they enter repayment after graduation. For graduates, there is an opportunity cost along with personal and professional life decisions being made based on this debt. For example, some students are choosing the enter the workforce after obtaining their undergraduate degree instead of pursuing a graduate degree. The purpose of this study was to examine the decisions that currently enrolled undergraduate students are making about obtaining student loans based on information supplied to them about …

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The Effects Of Institutional Structure Of Predominantly White Land-Grant Colleges And Universities In The Southeast On African American Graduation Rates In Engineering, Angela Denice Clinkscales Verdell Dec 2017

The Effects Of Institutional Structure Of Predominantly White Land-Grant Colleges And Universities In The Southeast On African American Graduation Rates In Engineering, Angela Denice Clinkscales Verdell

Theses and Dissertations

The U.S. Department of Labor reports that only 5% of U.S. workers are employed in fields related to science and engineering, yet they are responsible for more than 50% of our sustained economic expansion (U.S Department of Labor, 2007). Furthermore, minorities makeup 0.0025 % (1/400) of that Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) workforce. Methods are currently underway to understand and address the attrition of minority students in the STEM workforce. The problem of underrepresentation of minorities (URMs) in STEM careers continues to result in a “leaky pipeline” where URMs have cited institutional factors such “chilly campus” climates as barriers …

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The Effects Of The First Year Of Implementation Of Positive Behavioral Intervention Supports, Rosalind Flanigan Operton Dec 2017

The Effects Of The First Year Of Implementation Of Positive Behavioral Intervention Supports, Rosalind Flanigan Operton

Theses and Dissertations

Disciplinary practices and protocols in schools have been a notable concern over the past 30 years. The traditional punitive punishment-based tactics have not proven to be effective in changing student behavior. Positive Behavior Intervention Supports (PBIS) is a proactive alternative that puts whole school systems in a place wherein students and teachers share in the responsibility of building a culture and climate of behaviors that produce positive outcomes. Research based on the implementation of PBIS in schools has concluded that problem behaviors decrease, students and staff feel safe, and attendance improves. There is a body of research that concludes that …

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Incorporating Fermented By-Products Of Lactobacillus Diolivorans Sp. In Food Grade Coatings Designed For Inhibition Of Tyrophagus Putrescentiae On Dry-Cured Hams, Hector Asis Portillo Dec 2017

Incorporating Fermented By-Products Of Lactobacillus Diolivorans Sp. In Food Grade Coatings Designed For Inhibition Of Tyrophagus Putrescentiae On Dry-Cured Hams, Hector Asis Portillo

Theses and Dissertations

Distillate solutions that were derived from concentrated ferment were incorporated into either a carrageenan (CG) and propylene glycol alginate (PGA) gum blend or into a CG, PGA, and xanthan gum (XG) blend. Distillate treatments were compared against a 10% propylene glycol treatment, a gum only control, and negative control using three hams that were cut into 2.5 cm thick slices and then cut into 2.5×2.5×2.5cm cubes (n=50) that were dipped into solutions prior to conducting mite bioassays. Coated and control ham cubes were inoculated with 20 adult mites from the species T. putrescentiae (Schrank), and incubated for 2 and 3 …

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Investigating Extra Hepatic Steroid And Eicosanoid Metabolizing Enzymes In Cattle, Megan Pauline Theresa Owen Dec 2017

Investigating Extra Hepatic Steroid And Eicosanoid Metabolizing Enzymes In Cattle, Megan Pauline Theresa Owen

Theses and Dissertations

Steroid and eicosanoid metabolism occurs in two phases and primarily within hepatic tissues, but localized metabolism has been examined in several extra-hepatic tissues in humans and rodents. Phase I of metabolism is performed by Cytochrome P450s (CYP) that add hydroxyl groups to the carbon ring structure which is further metabolized by phase II UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT). The overall objectives of the following experiments were to: 1) determine the amount of extra-hepatic steroid metabolism within reproductive tissues of cattle across the estrous cycle; 2) determine the amount of extra-hepatic steroid metabolism and an oxylipin profile within reproductive tissues of cattle based on …

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Portable X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrometer Analysis Of The Pylos Linear B Tablets, Billy B. Wilemon Dec 2017

Portable X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrometer Analysis Of The Pylos Linear B Tablets, Billy B. Wilemon

Theses and Dissertations

This thesis investigates similarities and differences in the chemistry of the Linear B clay tablets and sealings found at the Palace of Nestor in Pylos, located in the western Peloponnese, Greece. Their chemistry provides clues regarding the flow of material goods in and out of the palace and therefore to the degree of centralization of the political-economy. Over a thousand 3,000 year-old clay tablets and sealings currently housed at the National Archaeological Museum in Athens were analyzed using a pXRF over the course of the summers of 2015 and 2016. The chemical compositions were analyzed statistically. Results of the study …

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Hypervelocity Impact Of Spherical Aluminum 2017-T4 Projectiles On Aluminum 6061-T6 Multi-Layered Sheets, Michael Deivi Marroquin Salvador Dec 2017

Hypervelocity Impact Of Spherical Aluminum 2017-T4 Projectiles On Aluminum 6061-T6 Multi-Layered Sheets, Michael Deivi Marroquin Salvador

Theses and Dissertations

With the growing threat of orbital debris impacts to space structures, the development of space shielding concepts has been a critical research topic. In this study, numerical simulations of the hypervelocity impact response of stacked aluminum 6061-T6 sheets were performed to assess the effects of layering on penetration resistance. This work was initially motivated by set of experimental tests where a stack of four aluminum sheets of equal thickness was observed to have a higher hypervelocity ballistic resistance than a monolithic aluminum sheet with the same total thickness. A set of smoothed particle hydrodynamic simulations predicted a 40% increase in …

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More Than Just Talking: The Role Of Self-Disclosure In The Fast Friends Procedure, Chloe Shearer Dec 2017

More Than Just Talking: The Role Of Self-Disclosure In The Fast Friends Procedure, Chloe Shearer

Seton Hall University Dissertations and Theses (ETDs)

The Fast Friends (FF) procedure was developed to generate feelings of closeness in the laboratory through escalating, mutual self-disclosure by partners (Aron, Melinant, Aron, Vallone, & Bator, 1997). Research indicates that, in addition to generating feelings of closeness, self-disclosure can also benefit mood. This study examined not only the total, but also the relative amount of self-disclosure between dyad partners in the FF vs. control condition. It was found that while participants in FF engaged in more self-disclosure overall, disclosure within FF dyads was not equitable. Contrary to prediction, the FF procedure did not generate more positive feelings than the …

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Foreign Price-Fixing Conspiracies, Christopher R. Leslie Dec 2017

Foreign Price-Fixing Conspiracies, Christopher R. Leslie

Duke Law Journal

Although price-fixing agreements remain per se illegal in the United States, courts have undermined the per se rule against price fixing by making it harder for plaintiffs to prove that such an agreement exists. For example, most courts that have considered the issue have held that defendants’ price-fixing conduct in a foreign market is not probative of price fixing in the United States. This Article examines the relationship between foreign and domestic price-fixing activity and shows how expanding a price-fixing cartel from foreign markets into the United States benefits the cartel by reducing the risk of arbitrage, stabilizing the cartel, …

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Creating A More Certain Standard For Enhanced Patent Damages By Requiring Egregiousness As An Element In The Section 284 Analysis, Brian Barnes Dec 2017

Creating A More Certain Standard For Enhanced Patent Damages By Requiring Egregiousness As An Element In The Section 284 Analysis, Brian Barnes

Duke Law Journal

According to 35 U.S.C. § 284, district courts have the power to “increase the damages up to three times the amount found or assessed” by the jury in patent infringement cases where willful infringement occurred. Following the recent Supreme Court decision in Halo Electronics, Inc. v. Pulse Electronics, Inc., it is now less clear how courts are to go about deciding whether to exercise this power. Halo established that the decision lies within the discretion of the district court judge, but declined to give a more concrete standard than urging the judge to “take into account the particular circumstances …

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Smart-Voice Invocation Of Scenes In Home-Automation Systems, Daniele Midi, William Schilit, Tianchun Yang Dec 2017

Smart-Voice Invocation Of Scenes In Home-Automation Systems, Daniele Midi, William Schilit, Tianchun Yang

Defensive Publications Series

Home environments are rapidly becoming more and more automated via the use of voice-recognizing personal assistants. Home-automation systems using a voice-recognizing personal assistant are capable of configuring smart devices of a home, such as lighting, security systems, or environmental controls, to particular operational settings which, when aggregated across multiple smart devices, constitute a particular scene. Techniques for a home-automation system to configure, or “set”, a scene using smart-voice invocation are described.

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The Mindfulness Practice, Aesthetic Experience, And Creative Democracy, Kyle A. Greenwalt, Cuong H. Nguyen Dec 2017

The Mindfulness Practice, Aesthetic Experience, And Creative Democracy, Kyle A. Greenwalt, Cuong H. Nguyen

Education and Culture

In this paper, we explore the degree to which the Buddhist mindfulness practice and the habits of democratic citizenship can be reconstructed in light of each other. We ask what mindfulness is, seeking to first understand it in its Buddhist context. Then we turn to the work of John Dewey in order to seek possibilities for mutual reconstruction. Finally, we ask how we can reconcile mindful acceptance of the present with the ameliorative habits of the democratic citizen—and what this might mean for a reconstructed progressive education practice.

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John Dewey And Citizen Politics: How Democracy Can Survive Artificial Intelligence And The Credo Of Efficiency, Harry C. Boyte Dec 2017

John Dewey And Citizen Politics: How Democracy Can Survive Artificial Intelligence And The Credo Of Efficiency, Harry C. Boyte

Education and Culture

No abstract provided.

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Scorpions Of The Horn Of Africa (Arachnida: Scorpiones). Part Xii. Pandinurus Hangarale Sp. N. (Scorpionidae) From Somaliland And A Review Of Type Locality And True Distribution Of Pandinurus Smithi (Pocock, 1897), František Kovařík, Graeme Lowe, Tomáš Mazuch, Ahmed Ibrahim Awale, Jana Štundlová, František Šťáhlavský Dec 2017

Scorpions Of The Horn Of Africa (Arachnida: Scorpiones). Part Xii. Pandinurus Hangarale Sp. N. (Scorpionidae) From Somaliland And A Review Of Type Locality And True Distribution Of Pandinurus Smithi (Pocock, 1897), František Kovařík, Graeme Lowe, Tomáš Mazuch, Ahmed Ibrahim Awale, Jana Štundlová, František Šťáhlavský

Euscorpius

Pandinurus hangarale sp. n. from Somaliland is described and fully complemented with color photos of live and preserved specimens, as well as its habitat. Hemispermatophore of P. hangarale sp. n. is illustrated and described. In addition to the analyses of external morphology and hemispermatophores, we also describe the karyotype of P. hangarale sp. n. (2n=120). Known localities of Pandinurus smithi (Pocock, 1897) are compiled; the type locality is not in Somaliland but in Ethiopia (Turfa) and in reality it is probably an endemic of Ethiopia.

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Image Moderation Using Machine Learning, Dave Feltenberger, Rob Neuhaus Dec 2017

Image Moderation Using Machine Learning, Dave Feltenberger, Rob Neuhaus

Defensive Publications Series

Generally, the present disclosure is directed to moderating images using machine learning. In particular, in some implementations, the systems and methods of the present disclosure can include or otherwise leverage one or more machine-learned models to predict a probability that an image will be accepted and/or rejected according to one or more rules of a submission service based on image data from the image.

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Assessing Preservation Priorities Of Caves And Karst Areas Using The Frequency Of Endemic Cave-Dwelling Species, Eugen Nitzu, Marius Vlaicu, Andrei Giurginca, Ioana N. Meleg, Ionut Popa, Augustin Nae, Ştefan Baba Dec 2017

Assessing Preservation Priorities Of Caves And Karst Areas Using The Frequency Of Endemic Cave-Dwelling Species, Eugen Nitzu, Marius Vlaicu, Andrei Giurginca, Ioana N. Meleg, Ionut Popa, Augustin Nae, Ştefan Baba

International Journal of Speleology

Endemic and rare species as bioindicators of habitat vulnerability were used to develop protection and management plans for biotope prioritization (mainly islands habitats, lava tubes or groundwaters). Due to their narrow distribution, the endemic species (species confined to a restricted geographic area) are more susceptible to ecological disequilibrium and habitat loss than the widespread ones. Consequently, endemics become endangered in the context of ecological disturbance caused by anthropogenic pressure, making them suitable candidates to assess environmental preservation needs. Taking into consideration that most of the stygobitic and troglobitic species are endemic and confined to specific karst areas, based on their …

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