Digital Commons Network^™

Method Patent Exceptionalism, Timothy R. Holbrook

Sturm College of Law: Faculty Scholarship

Inventive methods and processes have long received hostile treatment by the patent system. Courts have long been skeptical of these claims because of the potential for overbreadth of the patent, particularly if the method is delineated in functional terms. This categorical skepticism, however, fails to consider the technological specificity of such concerns. For example, the pharmaceutical industry views method claims, particularly methods of use and treatment, as weaker, second-tier forms of protection. While important, patents on the chemical compound itself offers greater downstream protection over all uses of the compound.

Nevertheless, process claims have received differential treatment in patent law. …

Polyamory, Offense, And Obergefell, Timothy R. Holbrook

Sturm College of Law: Faculty Scholarship

In his dissent in Obergefell v. Hodges, Justice Thomas suggested that comparisons between same-sex marriage and interracial marriage bans are “offensive and inaccurate.” The language of offense is striking, particularly given Justice Thomas’s otherwise respectful tone in other cases involving the rights of gay, lesbian, bisexual, transgender and queer (LGBTQ) people. It also provides an interesting juxtaposition to the Chief Justice’s dissent, which compares same-sex marriage to plural marriage. This essay explores this rhetoric of offense and suggests that these various comparisons are the result of traditional legal argumentation. Thus, the LGBTQ community should not take offense at comparisons to …

Arkansas Women's Cross Country, 2017, University Of Arkansas, Fayetteville. Athletics Media Relations

Arkansas Women's Cross Country

No abstract provided.

Tropical Derivation Of Cohomology Ring Of Heavy/Light Hassett Spaces, Shiyue Li

HMC Senior Theses

The cohomology of moduli spaces of curves has been extensively studied in classical algebraic geometry. The emergent field of tropical geometry gives new views and combinatorial tools for treating these classical problems. In particular, we study the cohomology of heavy/light Hassett spaces, moduli spaces of heavy/light weighted stable curves, denoted as $\calm_{g, w}$ for a particular genus $g$ and a weight vector $w \in (0, 1]^n$ using tropical geometry. We survey and build on the work of \citet{Cavalieri2014}, which proved that tropical compactification is a \textit{wonderful} compactification of the complement of hyperplane arrangement for these heavy/light Hassett spaces. For $g …

ความหลากหลายของแตนเบียนในประเทศไทย : ดีเอ็นเอบาร์โค้ด และอนุกรมวิธาน, บัณฑิกา อารีย์กุล บุทเชอร์

UNISEARCH (Unisearch Journal)

ประเทศไทยเป็นประเทศเกษตรกรรม โดยมีผลผลิตทางการเกษตรเป็นรายได้หลักส่วนหนึ่งของประเทศ ปัญหาสำคัญของการทำการเกษตร คือ แมลงศัตรูพืช โดยเฉพาะหนอนผีเสื้อ ที่ทำลายพืชผลทางการเกษตรเป็นจำนวนมากก่อให้เกิดความเสียหายต่อเศรษฐกิจของประเทศทำให้เกษตรกรมีความจำเป็นต้องใช้สารเคมีกำจัดศัตรูพืช ซึ่งก่อให้เกิดผลเสียตามมามากมาย เช่น ต้นทุนการผลิตสูงขึ้น แมลงมีการดื้อยา ปัญหาสิ่ง แวดล้อม และผลกระทบต่อสุขภาพของเกษตรกรและผู้บริโภค เป็นต้น ดั้งนั้น จึงมีการนำแมลงเบียนมาใช้เป็นศัตรูธรรมชาติควบคุมประชากรของแมลงศัตรูพืชโดยชีววิธี โดยมีต้นทุนต่ำและไม่ก่อให้เกิดผลกระทบต่าง ๆ ตามมา อย่างไรก็ดี การจะนำการควบคุมโดยชีววิธี(biological control) มาใช้ให้ได้ผลดี จำเป็นต้องระบุชนิดของแมลงศัตรูพืชให้ถูกต้องแม่นยำ และเร็วที่สุดในระดับชนิดเพื่อหาศัตรูธรรมชาติมาควบคุมได้อย่างรวดเร็วและมีประสิทธิภาพ ปัจจุบันมีการนำเทคนิคทางอณูพันธุศาสตร์(molecular genetic techniques) เข้ามาช่วยในการระบุชนิดแมลงศัตรูพืช ในงานวิจัยนี้ได้ทำการระบุชนิดของหนอนผีเสื้อให้อาศัย และแมลงเบียนด้วยวิธีดีเอ็นเอบาร์โค้ด (DNA barcode) และศึกษาความสัมพันธ์ระหว่างชนิดของหนอนผีเสื้อกับแมลงเบียน โดยเก็บตัวอย่างหนอนผีเสื้อจากพื้นที่ต่าง ๆ เช่น พื้นที่ในบริเวณศูนย์เครือข่ายการเรียนรู้เพื่อภูมิภาคจุฬาลงกรณ์มหาวิทยาลัย อำเภอแก่งคอย จังหวัดสระบุรี และศูนย์เครือข่ายการเรียนรู้เพื่อภูมิภาคจุฬาลงกรณ์มหาวิทยาลัย อำเภอเวียงสา จังหวัดน่าน โดยเก็บหนอนผีเสื้อจากธรรมชาติดองด้วยเอทานอล ร้อยละ 95แล้วนำมาผ่าเพื่อดูว่า หนอนผีเสื้อถูกเบียนหรือไม่ จากนั้นเก็บตัวอย่างเนื้อเยื่อหนอนผีเสื้อและแมลงเบียนใส่ใน 96 well-plateเพื่อส่งไปวิเคราะห์ดีเอ็นเอบาร์โค้ดที่ BOLD (Barcode of LifeData System) ประเทศแคนาดา และจัดทำฐานข้อมูลความหลากหลายของหนอนผีเสื้อ แมลงเบียน และความสัมพันธ์ระหว่างชนิดของหนอนผีเสื้อกับแมลงเบียน

บทบาทของจุลินทรีย์ในวัฏจักรไนโตรเจน และโมเดลทางจลนศาสตร์เพื่อการเพาะเลี้ยงสัตว์น้ำ, วิบูลย์ลักษณ์ พึ่งรัศมี, ตะวัน ลิมปิยากร, เบญจพร สุวรรณศิลป์, สรวิศ เผ่าทองศุข

UNISEARCH (Unisearch Journal)

งานวิจัยนี้เป็นการศึกษาเพิ่มเติมถึงบทบาทของจุลินทรีย์ในวัฏจักรไนโตรเจน ซึ่งเป็นกุญแจหลักสำคัญของกระบวนการบำบัดทางชีวภาพ (biological treatment) ที่เกิดขึ้นในระบบเพาะเลี้ยงสัตว์น้ำ(aquaculture system)โดยเป็นความร่วมมือระหว่างคณาจารย์ภาควิชาวิศวกรรมสิ่งแวดล้อม คณะวิศวกรรมศาสตร์ จุฬาลงกรณ์มหาวิทยาลัยกับนักวิจัยผู้มีประสบการณ์จากศูนย์เชี่ยวชาญเฉพาะทางด้านเทคโนโลยีชีวภาพทางทะเล ศูนย์พันธุวิศวกรรมและเทคโนโลยชีวภาพแห่งชาติ ซึ่งในภาพรวมโครงงานวิจัยนี้ประกอบไปด้วย 2 โครงงานย่อย โครงงานแรกเป็นการติดตามกิจกรรมของจุลินทรีย์กลุ่มดีเอ็นอาร์เอ (Dissimilatory Nitrate Reduction to Ammonium: DNRA) ในกระบวนการดีไนตริฟิเคชัน(denitrification) ที่มีบทบาททำให้ไนเตรตถูกเปลี่ยนกลับเป็นแอมโมเนีย (ammonia: NH3) ดีเอ็นอาร์เอจึงเป็นกลุ่มจุลนิทรีย์ที่ไม่เป็นที่ต้องการในระบบบำบัดน้ำเสีย และระบบเพาะเลี้ยงสัตว์น้ำเนื่องจากเป็นกลไกของการสร้างของเสียที่เป็นจุดมุ่งหมายของการบำบัดกลับขึ้นมาใหม่ แต่การเกิดแอมโมเนียในระบบไร้อากาศ (anaerobic system) สามารถพบได้ในเพียงบางสภาวะเท่านั้นดังนั้น การศึกษาเพิ่มเติมจนเข้าใจถึงปัจจัยที่มีผลทำให้สภาวะดัง กล่าวเกิดขึ้นนั้นจะนำไปสู่การควบคุมระบบและการบำบัดแอมโมเนียในระบบเพาะเลี้ยงสัตว์น้ำได้อย่างมีประสิทธิภาพ ส่วนโครงงานที่ 2 เป็นการศึกษาด้านจลนศาสตร์ของกระบวนการไนตริฟิเคชัน (nitrification) ที่นับว่ามีความสำคัญอย่างมากในการควบคุมไนโตรเจนในบ่อเพาะเลี้ยงสัตว์น้ำเนื่องจากไนตริฟิเคชันจะเป็นขั้นตอนที่มีผลกับการจำกัดอัตรา (rate limiting step) แบคทีเรียในกระบวนการนี้เป็นแบคทีเรียเฉพาะกลุ่มที่มีอัตราการเจริญเติบโตช้ามาก และมีความอ่อนไหวต่อการเปลี่ยนแปลงสภาวะแวดล้อมสูง โดยความรู้และข้อมูลทางจลนศาสตร์ของปฏิกิริยาไนตริฟิเคชันนั้นมีส่วนสำคัญในการออกแบบระบบควบคุมไนโตรเจนและช่วยให้ระบบดำเนินการได้อย่างมีประสิทธิภาพมากขึ้น รวมทั้งยังสามารถนำความรู้ในด้านนี้ไปใช้เพื่ออธิบายความผิดปกติที่เกิดขึ้นภายในระบบ รวมทั้ง สามารถแก้ไขปัญหาที่เกิดขึ้นในเวลาที่ระบบไม่สามารถทำงานได้ปกติอีกด้วย

The Influence Of Social Activities On Seasonal Variation In Birth Rates In Makurdi Town, Benue State, Nigeria, Augustine M. Idom, Martin M. Iorsamber

Journal of Health Ethics

To examine the influence of social activities on birth rates in Makurdi town of Benue State Nigeria, a total of 23,000 recorded births from the year 2006 to 2015 were collated from six renown hospitals purposively selected based on issuance of ethical clearance and availability of data. With the use of secondary data, descriptive analysis was implored using tables and graphs. The result shows that, births in Makurdi are characterized with two major peaks and two troughs. There is the March to June peak and the September to October peak. Alternatively, there is also the July to August trough and …

Reveille (Issue 34), Csusb Veterans Success Center

Reveille newsletter

Look What's Inside...

• Rain, Rain Stay Another Day
• Army Flower Power
• Medal for Heroism for U.S. Navy Sailor
• Air Force Mapping the World
• Military Appreciation Night
• Last Year Reflection, New Declarations!

2017-2018, Csusb

Anthropology Department newsletter

No abstract provided.

Obergefell, Fisher, And The Inversion Of Tiers, Maxwell Stearns

Faculty Scholarship

In striking the ban on same-sex marriage in Obergefell v. Hodges, the Supreme Court avoided tiers of scrutiny, thus declining to apply rational basis in a non-deferential manner as it had in other cases involving sexual orientation. In oral argument in Fisher v. University of Texas, the Court signaled its growing discomfort with the Grutter v. Bollinger strict scrutiny doctrine, which affords a level of institutional deference in tension with narrow tailoring and least restrictive means. And although the Court claims to apply intermediate scrutiny in gender-based equal protection cases, the cases devolve de facto applications of strict …

Prophylactic Use Of Metformin To Decrease The Incidence Of Breast Cancer In High Risk, Predisposed Women, Aly Dahl

Physician Assistant Scholarly Project Posters

• Breast cancer is one of the most common types of cancer in American women and is the second leading cause of mortality.

• In 2015, 234,190 new diagnoses were made and 40,730 deaths from breast cancer.

• Along with a thorough history from the patient, there are also several risk assessment models that should be utilized, such as the common Gail-2 model.

• Any women with a significant family history should also be educated on genetic counseling and/or testing to detect a BRCA1 or 2 mutation.

• Numerous individuals who are positive for this gene elect to undergo prophylactic …

The Potential Of Green Care Interventions To Promote Positive Youth Development With A One Health Lens, Hagit Brandes

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The first part of this study is making a conceptual tie between three distinct bodies of knowledge: Green Care, Positive Youth Development (PYD), and One Health. Green Care is an organizing construct for various interventions that use nature as a framework. I suggest that a nature-based program which incorporates Animal-assisted and horticulture interventions have the potential to promote positive youth developmental outcomes. The two major tenets of the PYD model are the mutually influential and bi-directional relationship between an individual and their context, and this relationship characteristic of plasticity, the potential for change (Lerner, 2006). Plasticity is viewed as an …

"The Sudden Thrill Of That Change": Framing George Eliot's Social Vision, Cyrus Seaberry Frost

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Although scholarly commentary of the last decade has engaged more intensively than ever with the content of George Eliot's ideas concerning nineteenth-century British culture, the devices and techniques Eliot employs in the transmission of those ideas remain less explored. Consequently, room exists for a study as attentive to the formal characteristics of Eliot's messages as recent scholars have been to the content of those messages. This dissertation seeks to elucidate the ways in which specific formal techniques that characterize Eliot's fictional work evince her engagement with the thinking of social theorists, particularly Ludwig Feuerbach. The project contends that Eliot internalizes …

Points Of Leverage: Interrupting The Intergenerational Transmission Of Adversity, Lisa Schlueter

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Early life stressors, such as abuse and neglect, have been associated with poor physical and mental health outcomes in adulthood. Moreover, animal models suggest that caregivers' early life stress can have intergenerational effects that then impact the health and well-being of their offspring. Although animal models are compelling, and inter-generationally transmitted and co-occurring risks are well-documented, proximal mechanistic explanations for how caregiver's history of childhood adversity can result in changes to their child's stress physiology and outcomes have not yet been systematically tested in humans. Thus, among a sample of low-income, predominantly Latino families participating in Early Head Start (EHS), …

Advancing Sylvia Wynter's Reimagination Of The Human And Counter-Poetics: A Critique Of Contemporary Western Science Discourse In Cosmos—A Spacetime Odyssey, With Host Neil Degrasse Tyson, Claire E. Slattery-Quintanilla

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

This thesis investigates the entanglements of "modernity/coloniality," Western conceptualizations of time and space, and questions of the "human" as they are situated in contemporary Western science discourse and thought. Through a textual analysis of the 2014 science television documentary series Cosmos: A Spacetime Odyssey presented by famous black astrophysicist Neil deGrasse Tyson, I argue Tyson refuses to discuss race as it relates to Western science on three levels in Cosmos: the racialized logic inherent in Western science, the sociohistorical relationship between European colonial racial subjugation and the emergence of contemporary Western science, and Tyson's experience as a black man …

Quantification Of Airborne Fungal Spores Comparing Molecular Tracers Via Ion Chromatography And Uv-Lif Methods, Marie Ila Gosselin

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Fungal spores represent an understudied subcategory of bioaerosols that can impact human health as pathogenic and allergenic particles. Fungal spores also have been shown to act as effective ice nuclei and giant cloud condensation nuclei in some cases. This has implications on the hydrological cycle on local and regional scales by impacting the formation and evolution of clouds and precipitation. The quantification of fungal spores has been limited in the past due to methods that were costly and that suffered from poor time resolution. The most commonly applied methods for airborne fungal spore analysis have traditionally included microscopy and culturing, …

Catholic Girls All Grown Up: A Practical Theological Exploration Of Sexuality Formation In Young Adult Women, Emily Susanne Kahm

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The Roman Catholic Church promotes exacting norms about the sexual behavior expected of Catholics, but prior qualitative and quantitative studies have shown a mixed effect on the decisions made by young adult Catholics, especially women. This qualitative study interviewed young adult women who were raised Catholic and sought to determine both what they were taught about sex and sexuality while growing up Catholic and how they think those teachings affected their lives and decision-making as young adults. Analysis of their responses indicated an anxious climate in their childhood educational experiences where adults were hesitant to answer questions or engage in …

Factor Invariance Of The Standard Achievement Admission Test By Gender And School Types, Mohammed Alqabbaa

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

This study examined the factorial structure of the SAAT with exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Specifically, a CFA of a four-factor model (the hypothesized model) was tested to see if the model had good fit as well as a model generated from an EFA. The EFA showed that the SAAT test only measured two factors (biology and chemistry), not the four posited by the test developers. The CFA provided good fit to a two-factor model; however, a CFA showed that the hypothesized four-factor model also fit the data well and so the hypothesized model was selected …

Beyond The Legalization Of Marijuana: Economics Of Marijuana As A Drug And Herbal Supplement, Ryan T. Freer

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Normative studies misunderstand a crucial aspect of cannabis legalization: they have not critically analyzed how the pharmaceutical industry might react when synthetic cannabinoid compounds could be incorporated into new products. I argue that when marijuana is federally legal, there will be two independent market developments in: i) the cannabis market, which includes botanic cannabis and herbal supplements sold in retail nutrition stores; and ii) the FDA-approved ethical drug market. How does the drug industry's monopolistic pricing structure lend itself to strategic pricing for these new synthetic cannabinoids? How much competition can we expect between dispensaries and nutrition shops selling herbal …

When Rhinos Are Sacred: Why Some Countries Control Poaching, Paul F. Tanghe

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Why are some countries more effective than others at controlling rhino poaching? Rhinos are being poached to extinction throughout much of the world, yet some weak and poor countries have successfully controlled rhino poaching. This dissertation presents a theory accounting for divergent patterns in the control of rhino poaching, explaining why rhino poaching has been controlled in some countries yet increases exponentially in others. It does so by examining the relational models predominant in each country with wild rhino populations, including institutional analysis of all rhino range states, detailed analysis of social constructions used by nearly two hundred conservationists in …

Mechanical Effects Of Surgical Adhesives On Ascending Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm Replacement, Dong Qiu

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Ascending thoracic aortic aneurysm (aTAA) is a potentially lethal disease which grows gradually over time and may lead to aortic dissection and rupture. Currently, aTAA surgical repair using Dacron graft is a well-established treatment. In addition, surgical adhesives are frequently used in the surgeries to seal the anastomotic site. This study aims to investigate mechanical effects of four commonly used surgical adhesives, namely BioGlue, CoSeal, Crosseal, and Tisseel, on the suture site using in-vitro digital image correlation (DIC) method and finite element (FE) simulations in an ovine model. In this study, first, mechanical properties of ovine ascending aorta were obtained …

Warm Connections: An Integrated Behavioral Health Intervention Development Study, Susanne Klawetter

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Research demonstrates the presence of maternal mental health disparities as well as barriers to quality behavioral health care among women with low socioeconomic status. Warm Connections represents an innovative, interdisciplinary intervention designed to improve access to timely behavioral health support for women with low socioeconomic status. Based on an infant mental health framework and drawing from integrated behavioral health and brief intervention approaches, Warm Connections addresses the psychosocial needs of participants in the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC). The primary mission of WIC is to provide nutrition education, access to healthy nutrition, and health care …

"There Will Be More Cookies": A Discursive Exploration Of Polyamorous Identity In A Monogamous World, Stephanie K. Webb

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Monogamous romantic relationships are the standard by which to engage in relationships in the United States. Despite the pervasiveness of monogamy, polyamorous romantic relationships are growing. Polyamory is an approach to romantic relationships that includes engaging sexually and emotionally with multiple people simultaneously, with the knowledge and consent of everyone involved (Polyamory, 2015). This study explores how individuals who identify as polyamorous construct personal and relational identities in a monogamous world. Using relational dialectics theory 2.0 and queer theory, the study examined self-recorded conversations of 21 polyamorous participants and their partner(s). Participant talk surrounding polyamorous personal and relational identity voiced …

Can You See Me? Ethnography Of Women's Experiences With Homelessness In Denver, Colorado, Taylor L. Morrison

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Following the economic crisis in 2008, the United States, and Denver in particular, saw a considerable rise in the number of people considered homeless. Despite an increase in the population, little anthropological research has been done to understand the experiences of street-embodied individuals and the services available to them. Through participant-observation, life-history interviews, and photovoice, I closely studied the lives of two women experiencing homelessness and used interpretive phenomenological analysis to analyze the data. Analyzed through Foucault's biopolitics, technologies of the self, and panopticism, as well as Goffman's presentation of the self, I make the case that the homeless experience …

"Revolution In Religious Language": The Relevance Of Julia Kristeva's Theory Of 'Signifiance' For Theology, Timothy O. Inman

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

This dissertation applies Julia Kristeva's theory of revolution in the practice of signifiance to religious discourse. In particular, it argues that the salient features of signifiance are present and active in religious speech as well as poetic language, the subject of Kristeva's doctoral thesis Revolution in Poetic Language. Signifiance describes the process in which meaning is produced in linguistic utterance, and its intentional practice is subversive not only in terms of language but culture in general.

"Maybe Jesus Was Suicidal Too": A Qualitative Inquiry Into Religion And Spirituality In Suicide Attempts, Elizabeth Ryan Hall

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Among the current trends in suicidology that hold promise for suicide prevention are a focus on new areas for empirical exploration and the employment of creative methodologies to ascertain these phenomena. One such area is religion, along with its more enigmatic counterpart, spirituality. Suicidological research has long demonstrated that people who are religiously involved tend to be more protected from suicide than those who are not, yet it has been less attentive to the conditions under which religion or spirituality fails to inhibit suicidality. In the decades since Durkheim's renowned 1897 study, the majority of the related research has taken …

Quantifying And Simulating Fine-Scale Spatial Patterns In Plant Populations, Darin Schulte

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Plant ecology as a discipline has increasingly acknowledged the importance of fine-scale spatial patterns in developing our understanding of community/population dynamics. These spatial patterns are largely determined by direct and indirect interactions between plants and their immediate neighbors. Such interactions thus play an important role in the structure and function of plant communities. Study of these types of local interactions has greatly benefitted from simulation based approaches. one such simulation method, agent-based modeling, has increasingly been identified as a useful tool for simulating these fine-scale interactions, and for investigating theoretical descriptions of underlying processes. Similarly, statistical techniques aimed at quantifying …

Small Rho Gtpase Family Member Cdc42 And Its Role In Neuronal Survival And Apoptosis, Noelle Christine Punessen

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Neurodegenerative diseases such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease are caused by a progressive and aberrant destruction of neurons in the brain and spinal cord. These disorders lack effective long term treatments, and existing options focus primarily on either delaying disease onset or alleviating symptomology. Dysregulated programmed cell death, known as apoptosis, is one of the most significant contributors to neurodegeneration, and is controlled by a number of different factors. Rho GTPases are a protein class with recognized importance in proper neuronal development and migration, and have more recently emerged as regulators of apoptosis and neuronal survival. …

The Association Between Parent-Child Relationship And Child Loneliness, Nanxi Xu

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Relatively little research has been conducted to examine the role of parent-child relationships in understanding loneliness during middle childhood. Twelve second to fourth grade children attending several elementary schools in a large western urban district were asked to complete the Loneliness and Social Dissatisfaction Questionnaire (LSDQ, Asher, Hymel & Renshaw, 1984) and the Parent-child Relationship Questionnaire (PCRQ, Furman & Giberson, 1995). The parents of all child participants were also invited to complete the same questionnaires. A sample of eight children, four who reported highest scores and four who reported lowest scores on the LSDQ, participated in follow-up qualitative interviews which …

Identifying The Relevance Of C-Reactive Protein Conformers And The Advancement Of A Membrane Curvature Binding Assay, Carrie Leine Moon

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Lipid membranes play a vital role in cell signaling processes. Membrane shape and lipid content affect interactions between cellular membranes and proteins. This research focuses on characterizing those interactions and their impact by using various biochemical and biophysical assays. These assays were applied to C-reactive protein (CRP), an immune system protein that interacts with lipid membranes and has at least two forms with different properties. Native, pentameric CRP (pCRP) is found in blood serum and is commonly used as a marker for inflammation. The modified form of CRP (mCRP) binds to the protein C1q, which activates the complement immune response. …