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Articles 1711 - 1740 of 4944
Full-Text Articles in Entire DC Network
Trauma-Informed Interventions For Sexual Exploitation And Their Effectiveness On The Exit Process: An Empirical Review, Lorraine M. Armenta-Buelna
Trauma-Informed Interventions For Sexual Exploitation And Their Effectiveness On The Exit Process: An Empirical Review, Lorraine M. Armenta-Buelna
Electronic Theses, Projects, and Dissertations
In recent years much effort has been dedicated to the purpose of combating commercial sexual exploitation yet there is a lack of concise and comprehensive information on the effectiveness of strategies and interventions to help this population. Research in this field has helped define and illuminate consequences of this lifestyle. The existing literature points to the complexity of the population's needs and the challenges faced when trying to leave 'the life' however there is a dearth of information on what works. The purpose of this project is to identify and summarize the findings of any empirical studies which evaluate interventions …
State V. Martinez Respondent's Brief Dckt. 44816
On The Run, Teresa Hart
On The Run, Teresa Hart
Wagadu: A Journal of Transnational Women's & Gender Studies
I sit here a prisoner, an inmate, property of the state, a number. I live in a cell with a number and a letter above my door. A picture of my cellie and a picture of me, both stuck to the door with Velcro. These are the only things that signify we live there. Many of us inmates like to call this place “Camp Cupcake.” This facility is comparable to a girl’s school. It is safe here, but there is no rehabilitation. If we don’t work hard on our own to grow, it can be a place where women’s bodies …
Hindsight Bias In Clinical Decision Making, Amanda Beltrani
Hindsight Bias In Clinical Decision Making, Amanda Beltrani
Student Theses
The tendency for an individual to believe that a specific event, in hindsight, was more predictable than it was in foresight is known as hindsight bias. This phenomenon has been demonstrated in the psychological literature across a variety of samples, methodologies, and predictions for decades. The current study used a sample of 95 mental health professionals to explore the impact of advanced outcome knowledge on the decision making process. Participants reviewed a hypothetical risk assessment in the form of a hospital chart and then responded to a series of questions, using only their clinical judgment. Analyses revealed that evaluators who …
Post-9/11 Media Coverage Of Terrorism, Zachary S. Mitnik
Post-9/11 Media Coverage Of Terrorism, Zachary S. Mitnik
Student Theses
Media coverage of terrorist attacks plays an important role in shaping the public understanding of terrorism. While there have been several studies analyzing coverage of terrorist incidents prior to 9/11, there has been little research examining post-9/11 coverage. This study fills this gap by examining the media’s coverage of terrorism in the United States between the dates of September 12, 2001 and December 31, 2015. The analysis is based on a list of terrorist-related incidents and New York Times articles written on each incident. This study documents the amount of coverage received by these incidents and identifies the variables influencing …
A Validation Of The Detection Of Barbiturates In Hair By Elisa, Alisa M. Valentino
A Validation Of The Detection Of Barbiturates In Hair By Elisa, Alisa M. Valentino
Student Theses
An original method to extract and detect barbiturates, specifically secobarbital, in hair by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), has been developed. Drug-free hair specimens were fortified with an exaggerated amount of secobarbital to produce a homogeneous, true positive sample to be utilized to test the drug extraction efficiency from hair. Drug extraction using hair extraction buffer (HEB) from Immunalysis was compared to a base digestion using 1M NaOH. After LCMS/MS analysis, HEB extraction was deemed a successful method for extracting barbiturates from hair. Using this method, the Barbiturates Direct ELISA Kit from Immunalysis was evaluated for its potential use in the …
"Why Wouldn't You Like It?": Exploring Masculine Identities In Discussions Of Male Rape, Bridget Woods
"Why Wouldn't You Like It?": Exploring Masculine Identities In Discussions Of Male Rape, Bridget Woods
Student Theses
Empirical research on the topic of male rape is scarce within the discipline of psychology. Current research focuses on negative perceptions of male rape victims, but does not take into account the role hegemonic masculinity plays in constructing beliefs about male rape. The present study aims to gather narratives of young men’s beliefs of male rape and male rape myths and analyze how masculinity and masculine identities shape these beliefs. Narratives were gained through collection of journal writings and focus groups, and an integrated narrative analysis was conducted to identify themes and discursive strategies that men employed to balance their …
Marital Rape Perception And Impact Of Force, Janelle N. Robinson
Marital Rape Perception And Impact Of Force, Janelle N. Robinson
Student Theses
The majority of sexual abuse is committed by someone known to the victim. In fact, almost 75%-90% of rape victims know their perpetrator. While there has been a strong movement to identify and prosecute rape, one area that has still received relatively little attention in research and the media is marital rape. Research has found that marital rape is classified as less severe, less violating of women’s rights, and less psychologically damaging than rape taking place outside the marriage. To date, research has suggested that the perception of rape is influenced by a myriad of factors including the degree of …
Details In Testimony: How Hedge Words Influence People’S Perceptions Of Victim Testimony Credibility, Justine B. Rayborn
Details In Testimony: How Hedge Words Influence People’S Perceptions Of Victim Testimony Credibility, Justine B. Rayborn
Student Theses
The purpose of this study was to examine whether hedge words and the age of a memory can influence the way participants (mock jurors) perceive an alleged sexual assault victim’s credibility. Prior research has demonstrated many issues that can affect the accuracy of memory for childhood events such as childhood amnesia, fragmented and distorted memories, false memories and source monitoring errors and the way in which jurors’ decisions can be swayed based on verbal cues to confidence. Here, we further investigated whether jurors' decisions are sensitive to the age of the memory—an event that happened in the recent or distant …
Can Implicit Post-Event Information Influence Explicit Eyewitness Memory?, Hang Sze Chau
Can Implicit Post-Event Information Influence Explicit Eyewitness Memory?, Hang Sze Chau
Student Theses
This study examines whether unconscious processing of misleading post-event information can influence explicit and implicit eyewitness memory. Using the existing misinformation paradigm, false post-event information was presented to participants either under full or divided attention. Eyewitness memory was tested with both explicit (free recall and cued recall tests) and implicit memory tests (truth rating test). Participants who were misinformed under full attention recalled significantly more misinformation than their counterparts who were misinformed under divided attention and the control group. However, results from the truth rating test showed that both explicit and implicit forms of misinformation had no impact on implicit …
Risk And Prevalence Of Personality Disorders In Sexual Offenders, Allison Sigler
Risk And Prevalence Of Personality Disorders In Sexual Offenders, Allison Sigler
Student Theses
Studies suggest that about seventy percent of incarcerated sexual offenders have been diagnosed with a mental disorder, with about fifty percent meeting diagnostic criteria for a personality disorder. Personality disorders have been shown to increase the risk of recidivism in offenders overall. However, little is known about how a personality disorder diagnosis increases this risk for sex offenders. The current study aims to evaluate the prevalence of personality disorders in sexual offenders, whether this varies by offender type, and how these relate to recidivism risk. Archival records from a large sample of convicted sex offenders who were incarcerated in a …
Treatment, Supervision, And Recidivism Of Individuals Convicted Of A Sex Offense In The United States: A Pilot Study, Gabriele F. Trupp
Treatment, Supervision, And Recidivism Of Individuals Convicted Of A Sex Offense In The United States: A Pilot Study, Gabriele F. Trupp
Student Theses
Although, previous research has shown that treatment programs for individuals convicted of a sex offense have the potential to lower sexual recidivism rates (Hanson & Bussiere, 1998; Hanson et al., 2002; Losel & Schmucker, 2005), there is some pause as to the methodological strength of these studies (Furby, Weinrott, & Blackshaw, 1989; Rice & Harris, 2003). Additionally, the literature is mixed regarding which elements of supervision for individuals convicted of a sex offense contribute to lower sexual recidivism (Aos, Miller, & Drake, 2006; Aytes, Olsen, Zakrajsek, Murry, & Ireson, 2001; Buttars, Huss, & Brack, 2016; McGrath, Cumming, Hoke, & Bonn-Miller, …
Procedural Justice And Citizen Compliance: Police Officer Demeanor And Crime Severity, Shiny Sharma
Procedural Justice And Citizen Compliance: Police Officer Demeanor And Crime Severity, Shiny Sharma
Student Theses
Little is known about how police officer demeanor impacts citizen compliance under specific conditions such as the severity of a crime. Using a sample of 141 college students, we randomly assigned vignettes that manipulated crime severity type (e.g., petty theft or armed robbery) and police officer demeanor (e.g., procedurally just or not procedurally just) to gain a better understanding of this nuanced relationship. Participants were more likely to report suspicious behavior, regardless of crime severity, if the officer demeanor was procedurally just. Additionally, participants were more likely to consent to a search and report a suspicious person in the procedurally …
A Path To Peace In The U.S. Drug War: Why California Should Implement The Portuguese Model For Drug Decriminalization, Mallory Whitelaw
A Path To Peace In The U.S. Drug War: Why California Should Implement The Portuguese Model For Drug Decriminalization, Mallory Whitelaw
Loyola of Los Angeles International and Comparative Law Review
No abstract provided.
Pro-Prosecution Doctrinal Drift In Criminal Sentencing, Margaret Truesdale
Pro-Prosecution Doctrinal Drift In Criminal Sentencing, Margaret Truesdale
Northwestern University Law Review
Federal criminal sentencing doctrine is growing increasingly favorable to the prosecution. This Note identifies two factors that contribute to this “doctrinal drift.” First, district courts rarely issue written opinions in the sentencing context. Second, prosecutors, unlike defense attorneys, can strategically forego appeal in an individual case to avoid the risk that the lower court’s pro-defense reasoning will be affirmed and become binding precedent. In fact, 99% of all appeals of sentencing decisions are defense appeals. When defendants appeal pro-prosecution lower court decisions, the appellate court usually affirms, in part due to deference. The result is a one-sided body of case …
A Spectrum Of Tools To Support Litigation Risk Assessment: Promise And Limitations, Heather Heavin, Michaela Keet
A Spectrum Of Tools To Support Litigation Risk Assessment: Promise And Limitations, Heather Heavin, Michaela Keet
Canadian Journal of Law and Technology
No abstract provided.
Aba Criminal Justice Section Task Force On College Due Process Rights And Victim Protections: Recommendations For Colleges And Universities In Resolving Allegations Of Campus Sexual Misconduct, Brenda V. Smith, Andrew S. Boutros, Tamara Rice Lave, Pamela J. Bernard, Caroline Bettinger-Lopez, Robert M. Cary, Laura L. Dunn, Cynthia P. Garrett, Marcos E. Hasbun, Janet P. Judge, Bridget M. Maricich, Robin Rachel Runge, Lauren Schoenthaler, Mary P. Koss, Elise Lopez, Patrice Payne
Aba Criminal Justice Section Task Force On College Due Process Rights And Victim Protections: Recommendations For Colleges And Universities In Resolving Allegations Of Campus Sexual Misconduct, Brenda V. Smith, Andrew S. Boutros, Tamara Rice Lave, Pamela J. Bernard, Caroline Bettinger-Lopez, Robert M. Cary, Laura L. Dunn, Cynthia P. Garrett, Marcos E. Hasbun, Janet P. Judge, Bridget M. Maricich, Robin Rachel Runge, Lauren Schoenthaler, Mary P. Koss, Elise Lopez, Patrice Payne
Scholarly Articles in Law Reviews & Journals
The Executive Committee of the ABA Criminal Justice Section commissioned the Task Force on College Due Process Rights and Victim Protections in November 2016. Immediately after, extensive efforts were made to find members that represented all interested parties: victims, the accused, universities, other stakeholders, and national experts. The Task Force was fully constituted in the winter of 2017, and it ended up including two voting members who were originally liaisons from the ABA Commission on Domestic and Sexual Violence and the ABA Section of Civil Rights and Social Justice. This elevation was made in recognition of their significant contributions.
Toward A Critical Race Theory Of Evidence, Jasmine Gonzales Rose
Toward A Critical Race Theory Of Evidence, Jasmine Gonzales Rose
Faculty Scholarship
Scholars, judges, and lawyers have long believed that evidence rules apply equally to all persons regardless of race. This Article challenges this assumption and reveals how evidence law structurally disadvantages people of color. A critical race analysis of stand-your-ground defenses, cross-racial eyewitness misidentifications, and minority flight from racially-targeted police profiling and violence uncovers the existence of a dual-race evidentiary system. This system is reminiscent of nineteenth century race-based witness competency rules that barred people of color from testifying against white people. I deconstruct this problem and introduce the original concept of “racialized reality evidence.” This construct demonstrates how evidence of …
Narrating Power And Injustice: How Young People Make Sense About Fairness, Svetlana Jovic
Narrating Power And Injustice: How Young People Make Sense About Fairness, Svetlana Jovic
Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects
Our concrete embodiments as members of a specific class, race, and gender, as well as our historical situations play important roles in shaping our perspective of the world. The goal of this dissertation was to explore how different socioeconomic circumstances shape adolescents’ sense-making about fairness and their capacity to relate to different actors in a social situation including an instance of injustice. Additionally, the study explored the systematic shift in youth’s sense-making – their capacity to adjust one’s ways of knowing and being, depending on the perspective they assume and different others they address. I used narrative methodology to explore …
Cybercrime Deterrence And International Legislation: Evidence From Distributed Denial Of Service Attacks, Kai-Lung Hui, Seung Hyun Kim, Qiu-Hong Wang
Cybercrime Deterrence And International Legislation: Evidence From Distributed Denial Of Service Attacks, Kai-Lung Hui, Seung Hyun Kim, Qiu-Hong Wang
Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems
In this paper, we estimate the impact of enforcing the Convention on Cybercrime (COC) on deterring distributed denial of service (DDOS) attacks. Our data set comprises a sample of real, random spoof-source DDOS attacks recorded in 106 countries in 177 days in the period 2004-2008. We find that enforcing the COC decreases DDOS attacks by at least 11.8 percent, but a similar deterrence effect does not exist if the enforcing countries make a reservation on international cooperation. We also find evidence of network and displacement effects in COC enforcement. Our findings imply attackers in cyberspace are rational, motivated by economic …
Strategic Advantages Of Visual Violence, Roxanne Brook Vigil
Strategic Advantages Of Visual Violence, Roxanne Brook Vigil
Theses and Dissertations
This research discusses the role of visual violence as it relates to non-state actors within asymmetric warfare as a form of indirect coercion, siting the logic of Thomas Schelling. It argues that irrationality, as a perception from the state actor toward the non-state actor is a rational approach in order to produce the desired fear and publicity. The amount of fear and publicity is measured by the amount of inhumanity that is presented within the visual narration and the amount of irrational hysteria that comes from the audience. In using a comparative and visual analysis, two non-state actors who utilized …
A Principled Strategy For Addressing The Incarceration Crisis: Redefining Excessive Imprisonment As A Human Rights Abuse, Mirko Bagaric, Sandeep Gopalan, Marissa R. Florio
A Principled Strategy For Addressing The Incarceration Crisis: Redefining Excessive Imprisonment As A Human Rights Abuse, Mirko Bagaric, Sandeep Gopalan, Marissa R. Florio
Cardozo Law Review
In July 2015, Barack Obama became the first sitting U.S. President to visit a U.S. prison. The visit was largely symbolic. What is not symbolic is the reason for the visit. Sentencing policy and practice in the United States is fundamentally broken, to the point that it is an intellectual and normative wasteland. This has resulted in the United States becoming the world's most (gratuitously) punitive country. The imprisonment of over two million Americans is perhaps the most pressing domestic moral issue of our time. Further, the prison system is in a state of crisis due to the unsustainable cost …
The Effect Of Discrimination On Mental Health After Adverse Childhood Experiences, Maleia Mathis
The Effect Of Discrimination On Mental Health After Adverse Childhood Experiences, Maleia Mathis
Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects
The Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) study reports that childhood adversity is relatively common, often co-occurs with multiple types of exposures, and has a dose-response relationship to many leading causes of morbidity and mortality in the U.S. Although there have been mixed results regarding whether ethnicity moderates these health effects, there is evidence that Caribbean and African American ethnic groups may respond to ACEs differently than other ethnic groups. Discrimination may explain this effect moderation, as it has been consistently linked to negative mental health outcomes. Specifically, ACEs exposure may hinder mental health outcomes, and chronic discrimination exposure in minority ethnic …
Records And Correspondence From Planning 1992 And 1993 Annual Meeting, American Society Of Criminology. Division On Women And Crime, Marcia Chaiken, Lynne Goodstein, Susan T. Krumbholz, Paula Powers, Malcom W. Klein, Nancy Wonders
Records And Correspondence From Planning 1992 And 1993 Annual Meeting, American Society Of Criminology. Division On Women And Crime, Marcia Chaiken, Lynne Goodstein, Susan T. Krumbholz, Paula Powers, Malcom W. Klein, Nancy Wonders
Division on Women and Crime Documents and Correspondence
No abstract provided.
Preliminary Pages And Letter From The Editor, Jonathan Gore
Preliminary Pages And Letter From The Editor, Jonathan Gore
Kentucky Journal of Undergraduate Scholarship
No abstract provided.
Correspondence: 1994-95 Mentoring Project, American Society Of Criminology. Division On Women And Crime, Nicole Rafter, Ruth Seydlitz
Correspondence: 1994-95 Mentoring Project, American Society Of Criminology. Division On Women And Crime, Nicole Rafter, Ruth Seydlitz
Division on Women and Crime Documents and Correspondence
Division on Women and Crime mentoring project
Annual Meeting, November 8-12, 1989. Instructions For Table Volunteers., American Society Of Criminology. Division On Women And Crime
Annual Meeting, November 8-12, 1989. Instructions For Table Volunteers., American Society Of Criminology. Division On Women And Crime
Division on Women and Crime Documents and Correspondence
American Society of Criminology. Division on Women and Crime Annual Meeting
Community Living Integration Club For Women In Recovery From Sex Trafficking, Toni Thompson
Community Living Integration Club For Women In Recovery From Sex Trafficking, Toni Thompson
Occupational Therapy Program Student Theses, Dissertations and Capstones
Sex trafficking is one form of human trafficking, a heinous human rights violation that transcends international borders. People who have been trafficked often present with complex neurobehavioral, psychological, emotional, physiological, sensory, and developmental difficulties. The United Nations developed the international 3 p protocol to guide governmental agencies, non-governmental groups, and individuals in developing programs and legal actions of trafficking prevention, protection, and prosecution. Protection encompasses the recovery of trafficking survivors and community integration has been identified as an essential foundation for successful recovery. Measurable components of community integration include safe housing, stable employment, and vocation-focused education. This Capstone describes the …
An Old Crime In A New Context: Maryland’S Need For A Comprehensive Cyberstalking Statute, Christie Chung
An Old Crime In A New Context: Maryland’S Need For A Comprehensive Cyberstalking Statute, Christie Chung
University of Maryland Law Journal of Race, Religion, Gender and Class
No abstract provided.
Accuracy And Racial Biases Of Recidivism Prediction Instruments, Julia J. Dressel
Accuracy And Racial Biases Of Recidivism Prediction Instruments, Julia J. Dressel
Dartmouth College Undergraduate Theses
Algorithms have recently become prevalent in the criminal justice system. Tools known as recidivism prediction instruments (RPIs) are being used all over the country to assess the likelihood that a criminal defendant will reoffend at some point in the future. In June of 2016, researchers at ProPublica published an analysis claiming an RPI called COMPAS was biased against black defendants. This claim sparked a nation-wide debate as to how fairness of an algorithm should be measured, and exposed the many ways that algorithms are not necessarily fair. Algorithms are used in the criminal justice system because they are regarded as …