Digital Commons Network^™

การพัฒนาระบบการประเมินคุณภาพภายในที่เน้นการนำผลไปใช้พัฒนาคุณภาพการศึกษาของสถานศึกษาขั้นพื้นฐาน: การประยุกต์ใช้การประเมินแบบเสริมพลัง, วรวรรณ สังสัพพันธ์

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

การวิจัยครั้งนี้มีวัตถุประสงค์เพื่อ 1) ศึกษาสภาพการประเมินคุณภาพภายในและการใช้ผลการประเมินคุณภาพภายในพัฒนาคุณภาพการศึกษาของสถานศึกษาขั้นพื้นฐาน 2) พัฒนาระบบการประเมินคุณภาพภายในที่เน้นการนำผลไปใช้พัฒนาคุณภาพการศึกษาของสถานศึกษาขั้นพื้นฐานโดยการประยุกต์ใช้การประเมินแบบเสริมพลัง 3) ทดลองใช้และประเมินคุณภาพของระบบการประเมินคุณภาพภายในที่เน้นการนำผลไปใช้พัฒนาคุณภาพการศึกษาของสถานศึกษาขั้นพื้นฐานโดยการประยุกต์ใช้การประเมินแบบเสริมพลัง ผู้ให้ข้อมูล ประกอบด้วย ผู้บริหารสถานศึกษา และครู จำนวน 55 คน รองผู้อำนวยการสำนักงานเขตพื้นที่การศึกษาและศึกษานิเทศก์ จำนวน 5 คน และผู้เชี่ยวชาญด้านการประเมินและการประกันคุณภาพการศึกษาสำหรับการสนทนากลุ่ม จำนวน 8 คน ใช้ระเบียบวิธีวิจัยและพัฒนาทั้งการวิจัยเชิงคุณภาพและเชิงปริมาณ เครื่องมือที่ใช้ในการวิจัย ประกอบด้วย แบบสัมภาษณ์ แบบประเมินความต้องการจำเป็น แนวคำถามในการสนทนากลุ่ม แบบประเมินคุณภาพของระบบ แบบประเมินคุณภาพของหลักสูตรอบรม แบบทดสอบความรู้และมโนทัศน์ในการประเมิน และแบบสำรวจรายการพฤติกรรมตามหลักการประเมินแบบเสริมพลัง วิเคราะห์ข้อมูลเชิงคุณภาพโดยการวิเคราะห์เนื้อหา วิเคราะห์ข้อมูลเชิงปริมาณโดยใช้สถิติเชิงบรรยาย การทดสอบทีและใช้เทคนิค PNImodified ในการจัดอันดับความต้องการจำเป็น ผลการวิจัยสรุปได้ดังนี้ 1. สภาพการประเมินคุณภาพภายในและใช้ผลการประเมิน พบว่าการประเมินคุณภาพภายในเป็นหน้าที่หลักของผู้บริหารสถานศึกษาและครูวิชาการหรือครูผู้รับผิดชอบหลักงานประกันคุณภาพภายใน โดยมีคำสั่งแต่งตั้งผู้รับผิดชอบเก็บรวบรวมข้อมูลโดยใช้แบบบันทึกข้อมูล และจัดทำรายงานประเมินตนเอง (SAR) ทุกปี สถานศึกษามุ่งเน้นใช้ผลการประเมินมาตรฐานที่ 1 ประเด็นพิจารณาพัฒนาการจากผลการสอบระดับชาติ และมีความต้องการจำเป็นที่จะพัฒนาเรื่องการจัดทำรายงานการประเมินคุณภาพภายในที่อำนวยความสะดวกในการใช้ผลและการสร้างความเข้าใจความตระหนักในการใช้ผลการประเมินคุณภาพภายใน สภาพปัญหาที่สำคัญ คือ การประเมินคุณภาพภายในต้องใช้เวลามากเนื่องจากผู้เกี่ยวข้องให้ข้อมูลล่าช้า 2. ระบบการประเมินคุณภาพภายในที่เน้นการนำผลไปใช้ในการพัฒนาคุณภาพการศึกษามีองค์ประกอบที่สัมพันธ์กันคือ วัตถุประสงค์ หลักการ การดำเนินการประเมินแบบเสริมพลังโดยทีมนิเทศ และกลไกการทำงานของระบบ ซึ่งประกอบด้วย 1) ปัจจัยนำเข้า 2) กระบวนการ 3) ผลผลิต และ 4) ข้อมูลป้อนกลับ และผลการตรวจสอบคุณภาพของระบบการประเมินคุณภาพภายในที่เน้นการนำผลไปใช้พัฒนาคุณภาพการศึกษาโดยผู้เชี่ยวชาญ พบว่า ระบบการประเมินคุณภาพภายในมีคุณภาพด้านความมีประโยชน์ ด้านความเป็นไปได้ และด้านความเหมาะสมในระดับมาก ส่วนด้านความถูกต้องอยู่ในระดับมากที่สุด 3. ผลการทดลองใช้ระบบการประเมินคุณภาพภายในที่เน้นการนำผลไปใช้พัฒนาคุณภาพการศึกษา พบว่า ผู้บริหารสถานศึกษาและครูมีความรู้ในการประเมินหลังการอบรมสัมมนาสูงกว่าก่อนอบรม มีมโนทัศน์สูงกว่าคะแนนเป้าหมายที่วางไว้อย่างมีนัยสำคัญทางสถิติที่ระดับ .05 มีความพึงพอใจในการอบรมอยู่ในระดับมาก มีพฤติกรรม 10 หลักการตามแนวทางการประเมินแบบเสริมพลังสูงขึ้น และผลการปฏิบัติการใช้ผลการประเมินคุณภาพภายในอยู่ในระดับมาก และสถานศึกษามีผลการประเมินคุณภาพภายในตามมาตรฐานการศึกษาขั้นพื้นฐานอยู่ในระดับดีเยี่ยม มีบางประเด็นพิจารณาอยู่ในระดับดี 4. ผลการประเมินคุณภาพของระบบการประเมินคุณภาพภายในที่เน้นการนำผลการประเมินไปใช้พัฒนาคุณภาพการศึกษา โดยผู้ทดลองใช้ระบบดังนี้ โดยทีมนิเทศ ผู้บริหารสถานศึกษาและครูโรงเรียนขนาดกลาง และขนาดใหญ่ แสดงให้เห็นว่า ระบบมีคุณภาพด้านความมีประโยชน์ ด้านความเป็นไปได้ ด้านความเหมาะสม และด้านความถูกต้อง อยู่ในระดับมากที่สุด และโดยผู้บริหารสถานศึกษาและครูโรงเรียนขนาดเล็ก …

Developing Psychiatric Nursing Competencies On An In-Patient Hospital-Based Psychiatric Unit, Beverly J. Sedlacek

Doctor of Nursing Practice Projects

Problem Statement

Offering staff development training for psychiatric nurses has not kept pace with the advances in psychiatric knowledge and skills in nursing. Purpose: The purpose of this quality improvement doctor of nursing (DNP) project was to implement a competency-based staff development program on a community hospital-based inpatient psychiatric unit to determine if the psychiatric/mental health nursing knowledge, nurse patient relational skills, and attitudes of the nurses would improve or change.

Methods

A mixed method of quasi-experimental, non-randomized pre-test/post-test and semi-structured interview design was used, which utilized a convenience sampling approach. Data were collected in two phases. Three domains of …

Be Well: A Systems-Based Wellness Intervention Using Mindfulness In The Workplace – A Case Study, Kate M. Levett, Sharyn Coughlan, Sharon Longridge, Violet Roumeliotis, Jon Adams

Medical Papers and Journal Articles

Introduction: Healthy work environments are essential in determining improved well-being of Australians. Job stress has been identified as a significant factor in psychological distress. This study evaluated the effect of introducing a systems-based workplace wellness programme using mindfulness in the workplace.

Methods: The programme ‘Be Well’ was introduced as part of a systems-based approach to workplace health promotion, and evaluated using sick leave as a proxy for workplace stress, and the stress satisfaction offset score to determine the degree of change in stress and satisfaction.

Results: There was significant reduction in sick leave (2014 vs. 2012) (p<.001), and significant improvement in stress satisfaction offset score (p<.05). Logistic regression analysis identified the programme components most predictive of reduced stress and higher job satisfaction.

Conclusion: The impacts …

Strategic Planning For A Community Focused Non-Profit Organization, Erik W. Williams

Liberal Studies (MA) Final Essays

This paper explores the process used to create the Engage 2020 Strategic Plan for Family Service of Roanoke Valley, a 116 year non-profit in Roanoke, Va. Utilizing a community based process that focused on the strengths, opportunities, aspirations, and results; the strategic plan focused on improving the people and culture, programming and impact, and the vitality of the agency over a three-year period. Discussed in this paper are the history of the agency, its previous strategic plan, the planning, the process, and the end product strategic plan.

Beyond The Network: A Holistic Perspective On State Cybersecurity Governance, Michael Garcia, David Forscey, Timothy Blute

Nebraska Law Review

I. Introduction

II. Governance: The New Frontier of Information Assurance

III. State Cybersecurity Governance Extends Beyond the Network

IV. Centralizing Security Governance to Defend State Networks

V. Governance Beyond Network Defense ... A. Disruption Response ... B. Law Enforcement ... C. Cybersecurity Centers

VI. Conclusion

Appendix: States and Indicators

Extending The Utilization Of Real Time Data For Pressure Transient Analysis., Jummanh Eyad Aldiwan

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Owing to the gradual fall in prices and the constant increase in reliability of Permanent Down-hole Measurement System (PDHMS), its installation has tremendously grown in number over the recent years. The advantages of this venture, however, can only be achieved when it is improved to a source for reservoir characterization from mere surveillance and monitoring. This study evaluates workflows and systems that have been installed to change the enormous amounts of data, such as temperature, flow rate and pressure, into practicable information to enhance field performance and development. In addition to using data from real cases from intelligent fields (I-Field) …

A Comparison Study Of American Indian And Caucasian Sex Offenders On Trauma And Selected Trauma Effects, Regina Sioux Ertz

Theses and Dissertations

American Indian/Alaskan Natives (AI/AN) have a long history of documented trauma experiences. In addition, AI/AN individuals are likely to have fewer economic resources and are faced with increased traumatic experiences in comparison to the general population. Further, the American Indian population is also affected by overrepresentation with incarceration rates in federal and state government detention centers. These data support the need to address non-sexual recidivism issues in the American Indian population. Little research has examined trauma experiences, selected trauma effects, and unique differences for American Indian sex offenders. Treatment employed for American Indian sex offenders is conducted based on data …

Human Energy Maximization In A Customized Leadership Program, Robin A. Roberts, Matthew P. Earnhardt, Rene Herron

Publications

Sustainability and thriving are key terms that are driving how energy sources, such as solar, wind, water, and geothermal, generate survivability in the era of globalization. Rarely are those terms used to define human energy expenditures; however, human energy is the most readily available energy source for it serves as a primary catalyst in the fueling or degrading of the sustainability and survival of all other resources. Additionally, humans live, learn, and earn in spaces where they expend energy by mere existence. Most humans are unaware of the impact their personal energy has on the utility and fortitude of the …

Exploring The Leadership Experiences Of Minority Women In A Black Greek Letter Sorority, Ashley Nichole Jennings

Theses and Dissertations

This qualitative phenomenological research study was designed to explore and reveal the lived experiences of minority women in Black Greek Letter Sororities and their understanding of sorority membership and leadership development following graduation. Data collection was completed using two qualitative streams: online questionnaire and one-on-one interviews. This study will contribute to the discussion of leadership development for Black Greek Letter Sorority members. More specifically, this study focused on the role that a Black sorority has in developing minority female leaders as they matriculate and develop within higher education and simultaneously in the sisterhood. This research study provided suggestions on opportunities …

Exploring Acceptable Alternatives To Psychotherapy For Distressed Clients In Integrated Primary Care, Paul N. Leandri

Antioch University Dissertations & Theses

Integrated Primary Care (IPC) is an effective, cutting-edge modality to treating both physiological and psychological problems using a holistic approach within primary care. One of the primary challenges associated with IPC is figuring out the most cost-effective way of treating the largest possible number of patients with behavioral health-related conditions, within staffing constraints. This has led to a preference for time-limited psychological interventions that work well for common mild behavioral health conditions. These time-limited interventions, however, are often inadequate for patients struggling with moderate to severe psychological distress. As such, we need alternative treatment options for this population. Research has …

Leading Change In Complex Systems: A Paradigm Shift, Cheryl Lemaster

Antioch University Dissertations & Theses

This qualitative study is an in-depth exploration of the experiences of 20 executive-level leaders from American corporations, government agencies, hospitals, and universities.At the heart of this investigation are stories that reveal the challenge of leading change in complex systems from the leader perspective, creating an opportunity to explore sense-making and sense-giving as guided by individual values and organizational contexts.Complexity Science, the framework for this research, is the study of relationships within and among systems.The aim of approaching this research from a complexity perspective is to gain a more realistic view of the issues and challenges that leaders face during change, …

Design Thinker Profile: Creating And Validating A Scale For Measuring Design Thinking Capabilities, Dani Chesson

Antioch University Dissertations & Theses

This study developed a scale for assessing design thinking capabilities in individuals. Many organizations today are turning to design thinking to tackle the complex challenges they face. As organizations move toward adopting this way of working the need to develop design thinking capabilities in individuals becomes imperative. The capabilities needed for engaging in design thinking are skills that we all have to some varying degree, but we do not all use them to their full potential when solving problems. The scale developed in this study measures the degree to which an individual uses design thinking capabilities when engaged in problem …

A Model For Implementing Residential Mental Health Treatment In Nys Correctional Settings, Lauren K. Gillis

Antioch University Dissertations & Theses

Like the community, correctional institutions have been ill-prepared in providing care to persons with serious mental illnesses (SMIs) who engage in combative behaviors, in what generally seems to amount to innocuous social interactions. These persons have been increasingly incarcerated over the past several decades because of violent behaviors, severely complicating the effort to provide effective mental health treatment for this population. Even though correctional residential mental health units have been instituted, successfully implementing what works has shown to be, at best, transient in these settings. Through the emergence of implementation science principles, though, there is now a pathway to implement …

The Accompanying Servant-Leader: Facilitating Change That Builds Engaged Partnerships, Josh P. Armstrong, Larry C. Spears

International Journal of Servant-Leadership

Many of us want to make a difference in our communities, and in our personal and professional lives. We want to be leaders, bringing change to a world that seems increasingly hungry for transformation. However, one doesn t need to look very far to see examples of those leaders with good intentions, both home and abroad, who get in the way of true change (Ellerman, 2006; Moyo, 2009). Often as not, the source of failure is overemphasizing tangible results while underemphasizing process. If we are to make a sustainable difference, we must focus on accompaniment more than accomplishment.

Pharmaceutical M&A Activity: Effects On Prices, Innovation, And Competition, Barak D. Richman, Will Mitchell, Elena Vidal, Kevin Schulman

Faculty Scholarship

The rise of blockbuster pharmaceutical acquisitions has prompted fears that unprecedented market concentration will weaken competition. Two of the most prominent concerns focus on the upstream and downstream ends of the pharmaceutical industry: (1) the concern that these mergers will concentrate the market for discovery and will therefore lead to fewer discoveries; and (2) the concern that merging large marketing, sales, and distribution forces will strengthen the hands of select pharmaceutical manufacturers and weaken downstream competition. Having considered potential dynamic effects in the industry and conducted a series of preliminary interviews with knowledgeable observers, though, this Article argues that neither …

Higher Education Marketing Through Digital Community: Understanding The Motivations Of Joining And Participating In University-Sponsored Communities And The Effect On Yield., Evan C. Moore

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

As enrollment goals and student informational resources increase, universities are scrambling to be more competitive in the marketplace and implement more effective enrollment strategies. Digital closed online communities are one new method universities are using to reach students. Using an online survey, the authors investigated the motivations behind why students join these communities and how they participate in them. In addition, the research also tested how variables correlated to and predicted a student’s behavioral intention to yield, or enroll at, the university. Findings expand Situational Theory of Problem Solving literature and establish connections between certain attributes and enrolling at the …

Men Faculty Engagement In Gender Equity Work In Stem: The Radicalization Of "Doing The Right Thing", Amena Oliver Anderson

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

This grounded theory study explores the sparsely examined phenomenon of men faculty engagement in gender equity work through the National Science Foundation's (NSF) ADVANCE project and one of its program innovations, Men Faculty Advocates and Allies (A & A). The A & A initiative recruits two categories of men faculty---advocates and allies---to engage in a program of work designed to heighten awareness about gender inequity and redress it through strategic efforts at the individual, departmental, and institutional level. Advocates are usually senior faculty or program administrators from within and outside of STEM fields. They assume the greater part of the …

Exploring Strategies For Implementing Data Governance Practices, Ashley Cave

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Data governance reaches across the field of information technology and is increasingly important for big data efforts, regulatory compliance, and ensuring data integrity. The purpose of this qualitative case study was to explore strategies for implementing data governance practices. This study was guided by institutional theory as the conceptual framework. The study's population consisted of informatics specialists from a small hospital, which is also a research institution in the Washington, DC, metropolitan area. This study's data collection included semi structured, in-depth individual interviews (n = 10), focus groups (n = 3), and the analysis of organizational documents (n = 19). …

Influence Of Succession Planning On Knowledge Transfer, Robinson Ejakpomewhe

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

The problem was the lack of effective succession planning strategies to facilitate the transfer of technical expertise from retiring employees to younger employees. A rebound of oil exploration activities in Nigeria would adversely affect the drilling sector due to lack of preparation and succession planning to meet the demand for technical expertise. The purpose of this case study was to explore how a succession planning program contributes to knowledge transfer and development of expertise for business continuity and prevents loss of knowledge in the oil-drilling sector in Nigeria. Twenty-four participants from one oil-drilling contractor in Nigeria participated in the study. …

Small To Medium Sized Enterprise Sustainability Through Green Supply Chain Management, Leslie Jones

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Small to medium sized enterprises (SMEs) make up between 95%-99% of private businesses worldwide, employ 60%-70% of the workforce in most countries and generate 33% of the GDP. SMEs account for a high percentage of the world's pollution because of the significant numbers of SMEs, and their accumulative impact. The purpose of this multiple case study was to explore strategies SME supply chain leaders used to implement green supply chain management (GSCM) policies that increase productivity and decrease losses. The origin of GSCM originates from the research of Ayres and Kneese. A purposeful sample of 3 SME construction companies was …

Clergy Academic Management Training In Non-Denominational Faith-Based Organizations, Patricia Anne Jenks-Greene

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

There is little research about how clerics manage and lead small to midsized non-denominational nonprofit organizations. The rate of clergy failures in non-denominational organizations has left many questions about what is needed to create organizational success. The purpose of this qualitative phenomenological study was to explore the lived experiences and perceptions of clergy manager-leaders' management training in non-denominational organizations. Fourteen full-time clerics from Bloomingdale, Georgia, Rincon, Georgia, and Savannah, Georgia participated in face-to-face semi-structured interviews. The data analysis process involved the use of Edward and Welch's extension of Colaizzi's data analysis procedures, which resulted in the emergence of 4 themes. …

Concept Of Self: Approach To Behaviors In Mental Health, The Tapout Program, Tina Goodrow

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Violence in mental health care continues to be a problem. The incidence of violent episodes in healthcare settings with aggressive behavior of patients aimed at staff members or other patients is almost four times greater in healthcare than in other industries. Reducing violent episodes enhances the quality of care and improves safety for staff members and for patients. The project focused on development of a staff education program exploring the practice-focused question: Will this program effectively guide staff member approaches to mental health patients with challenging behaviors? The purpose of this project was to address the identified gap in practice …

Relationships Between Interprofessional Teamwork And Clinical Management Of, Jacqueline G. Stephens

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a highly prevalent chronic disease that affects 29 million people in the United States including over 2 million veterans who receive care through the Veterans Administration. Patient-aligned care teams (PACTs) are an interprofessional teamwork system designed to improve outcomes of chronic illness, but empirical explorations of the efficacy of the PACTs have been insufficient. Utilizing the chronic care model, the purpose of this retrospective study was to determine if PACTs have been efficient in the diabetic management of veterans receiving care through a Southeastern VA. Medical records for 114 veterans with type 2 DM were randomly …

Exploring Strategies For Successful Implementation Of Electronic Health Records, Richard Alton Warren

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Adoption of electronic health records (EHR) systems in nonfederal acute care hospitals has increased, with adoption rates across the United States reaching as high as 94%. Of the 330 plus acute care hospital EHR implementations in Texas, only 31% have completed attestation to Stage 2 of the meaningful use (MU) criteria. The purpose of this multiple case study was to explore strategies that hospital chief information officers (CIOs) used for the successful implementation of EHR. The target population consists of 3 hospitals CIOs from a multi-county region in North Central Texas who successfully implemented EHRs meeting Stage 2 MU criteria. …

The Influence Of Attachment Styles On Employee Engagement, Ian Briggs

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

The purpose of this phenomenological study was to explore the influence of adult attachment styles on the engagement of employees in an attempt to address increasing losses in U.S. work productivity. Researchers have documented that organizations able to maintain better manager-employee relationships demonstrated positive employee engagement and improved productivity. However, a distinct gap in the literature remains as to how organizational leaders can stimulate healthier manager-employee relationships. Adult attachment theory was used as the foundation to explore how employees' relationships with their immediate manager affect their work engagement. To address this question, a purposeful sample of 16 full time mid …

Society's Views Of Law Enforcement Use Of Force, Roxann Marie Fisk

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Individuals observe their surroundings and naturally judge others by what they observe or

hear. In recent media portrayals, law enforcement officers were scrutinized for use of

force and individuals were quick to verbalize their interpretation of events. Bandura's

social learning theory served as a focal lens to guide the study. This qualitative

phenomenological study examined lived experiences and what factors influence public

perception of law enforcement use of force. Interviews were conducted with 10

participants who have encountered or witnessed law enforcement officers utilize use of

force during a citizen encounter. NVivo software was used to code and analyze themes …

Strategies Small Business Owners Use For Long-Term Existence, Sherman Eldridge Humphrey Jr

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

More than 90 of every 100 new businesses fail within 5 years. The need to explore ongoing strategies that provide low-cost alternatives can prove invaluable to cash-strapped new business owners. Exploration of relationships among a group of stakeholders essential to business success provided data in this case study. Those stakeholders include the owner, the customer service personnel and the consumer. Without the consumer, all other business activities would cease to be necessary. Five business owners and five employees from Redding, California participated in 2 separate focus group interviews. The conceptual framework for this case study was to explore the specific …

Engagement Strategies To Reduce Registered Nurse Turnover In Hospitals, Robert Neeley

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Skilled and experienced registered nurse employees are critical to the organizational success and stability of hospitals, but an annual average registered nurse turnover rate of 14% can result in financial losses of millions of dollars annually for the typical hospital in the United States. The purpose of this multiple case study was to explore the engagement strategies hospital nurse managers use to retain registered nurses. The study population included 8 nurse managers employed by hospitals in West Central Florida who have successfully implemented engagement strategies to retain registered nurses. The conceptual framework for the study was based on systems theory …

Strategies Used By Manufacturing Hiring Managers To Recruit Skilled Workers, Cheryl Founchious Brown

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Leaders in manufacturing industries are increasingly concerned with the lack of skills among applicants, emphasizing the gap that exists between employer expectations and skills of employees entering the workforce. Developing successful recruitment strategies is critical for hiring managers seeking to hire skilled workers. The purpose of this qualitative single case study was to explore successful strategies hiring managers used to recruit skilled production workers at a manufacturing company in Southeastern South Carolina. The human capital theory, which represents the knowledge individuals provide to enhance productivity, was the conceptual framework. Data were collected from face-to-face interviews with 3 hiring managers and …

Budget Planning, Budget Control, Business Age, And Financial Performance In Small Businesses, Tracy A. Foster

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Over 390,000 businesses failed in the United States in 2014. The primary cause for most business failures is poor planning, and budgets are a primary means of planning. The purpose of this correlational study was to examine to what extent, if any, budget planning, budget control, and the age of the business significantly predict financial performance in small businesses. The target population consisted of small business leaders in the Midwest. Churchill and Lewis's theory on the relative importance of selected management factors of small businesses through 5 stages of development formed the theoretical framework for this study. Data were collected …