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Socio-Economics Of Childhood Pulmonary Tuberculosis With Adult Tuberculosis Household Contacts In Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta Province, Al Asyary, Purnawan Junadi, Purwantyastuti Purwantyastuti, Tris Eryando

Makara Journal of Health Research

Background: Since the tuberculosis (TB) disease in children constitutes a global health problem that has long been neglected, this study sought to predict socioeconomic factors as public-health determinants that could protect children who were exposed to TB in their household. Method: A case-control study of 132 children (under 14 years old) who shared their household with adults suffering from pulmonary TB was conducted in the Province of Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta. This study consisted of an interview and anthropometry measurement for the controls screening test, while the cases were monitored by pediatricians with a scoring system childhood TB diagnosis from the …

A Cross-Sectional Study Of The Candidal Species Isolated In The Oral Cavities Of Type Ii Diabetic Patients, Patcharaphol Samnieng, Sita Sonthayasathapon, Masjutha Siriwat, Supanee Jeamanukulkit

Makara Journal of Health Research

Background: The objectives of this study were to determine the prevalence and colonisation of Candida species and to study the factors related to candidal colonisation in the oral cavity among type II diabetic patients. Methods: The data of 102 diabetic patients was collected from the Outpatient Diabetic Clinic at the Naresuan University Hospital. Data was collected via a questionnaire and oral examination. The subjects were measured for their fasting blood sugar levels and salivary pH. Candida colonisation was assessed using saliva sampling, and was cultured on CHROMagar Candida plates. Species and colony forming unit/mL were recorded. Results: The results showed …

Evaluating The Effect Of Contextual Variables On Discounting Of Health Related Behaviors, Jessica Hubrich

Theses

The present study used a discounting task with differing contextual variables to examine how variables effect discounting between studies and future health related behaviors. Thirty nine participants completed two discounting questionnaires, each included hypothetical food choices paired with a weight loss or stable weight. Participants were instructed to complete each survey based on either their current weight or a gain of 75 pounds, and each survey included two identical hypothetical menu options. One menu incorporated low calorie foods, while the other incorporated moderately healthy foods, and participants were instructed to select the menu they preferred based on weight loss/no weight …

Gmos, Genetically Modified Organisms Or Genuinely Mixed Opinions? A Reasonable Consumer's Understanding Of The Terms “Gmo” And “Non-Gmo,” And The Struggle To Set A Standard, Nicholas J. Kromka

Seton Hall Law Review

No abstract provided.

Role Of Race/Ethniciy, Pre-Pregnancy Bmi, And Socioeconomic Status On Risk For Large-For-Gestational (Lga) Infants Born To Women With Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (Gdm), Anna M. Kiefer

Masters Theses

Background Fetal macrosomia occurs in approximately 10% of all pregnancies taking place in the United States. Babies born LGA are placed at a greater risk for shoulder dystocia, perinatal trauma, cesarean section, jaundice, hypoglycemia, and neonatal intensive care admission. Even more, the long-term impacts are severe and include increased risk of becoming overweight or obese and developing type 2 diabetes later in life. Women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) have higher rates of delivering macrosomic offspring due to insulin resistance taking place beyond what is normal during a pregnancy. Additionally, maternal obesity, socioeconomic status, and race/ethnicity have been associated with …

Anna He Purnabramha: Deorukhe Women’S Agency In The Making Of Bodies, Cuisines, And Culture In Maharashtra, India, Gauri Anilkumar Pitale

Dissertations

The world is changing. India is changing. Food is changing. Bodies are changing. What does this mean for the women of Maharashtra, India? Globalization and modernity manifest in new and interesting ways the world over. As people establish networks of global commodity, capital, and human circulation, anthropologists raise pertinent concerns. While some are apprehensive about cultural loss and western cultural imperialism, others make a case for the rise of glocalization. While some espouse the positives of a free market economy, others are critical of the nutrition transition in developing countries and what this means for the health of the people …

Achievement Gap In United States History End Of Course Assessment Scores In Ga High Schools, Kris Watkins

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

The purpose of this dissertation study, which employed a quantitative correlational research design, was to determine if the school-level variables of percentage of African American students, the percentage of economically disadvantaged students, and type of school scheduling significantly influence student performance on the Georgia Milestones U.S. History end-of-course assessments (EOCs) for the school years 2014-15 and 2015-16. The study utilized a sample of 163 high schools located in the Atlanta metropolitan statistical area (MSA). Results from simultaneous linear regression analyses showed that school-level percentage of economically disadvantaged students was significantly associated with school-level Georgia Department of Education (GADOE) U.S. History …

Association Between Latent Toxoplasma Gondii Infection And Alzheimer's Disease, Cynthia Elizabeth Wyman

Theses and Dissertations

Introduction: Many studies have found an association between Toxoplasma gondii seropositivity and behavioral and cognitive changes in animal models and in humans. In addition, early findings have suggested an association between T. gondii seropositivity and Alzheimer's disease (AD). We sought to determine whether there is an association between T. gondii seropositivity and AD as well as cognitive functioning (including memory, working memory, processing speed, language functioning, executive functioning) in a large, well-characterized sample of subjects with AD and matched controls without dementia. Method: Using ELISA assays, we determined anti-T. gondii IgG antibody titers in 114 control subjects and in …

Patients’ Willingness To Participate In Rapid Hiv Testing: A Pilot Study In Three New York City Dental Hygiene Clinics, Susan H. Davide, Anthony J. Santella, Winnie Furnari, Petal Leuwaisee, Marilyn Cortell, Bhuma Krishnamachari

Publications and Research

Purpose: One in eight people living with an HIV infection in the United States is unaware of their status. Rapid HIV testing (RHT) is an easily used and accepted screening tool that has been introduced in a limited number of clinical settings. The purpose of this study was to investigate patient acceptability, certainty of their decision, and willingness to pay for screening if RHT was offered in university-based dental hygiene clinics.

Methods: A cross-sectional survey was administered to 426 patients at three dental hygiene clinics in New York City over a period of four months. The survey questionnaire was based …

Access To Healthy Foods: A Descriptive Analysis Of Farmers’ Markets, Food Deserts & Usda Food Assistance Programs In Tennessee Census Tracts, Twanda D. Wadlington

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Food deserts are a growing problem in the United States, and occur in areas of low-income where people have limited access to healthy foods. In response, the presence of farmers’ markets has grown exponentially, and improved healthy food access. Additionally, the USDA has strived to connect families to healthy foods through food assistance programs such as the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP), the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC), and the Senior Farmers’ Market Nutrition Program (SFMNP). This study investigated the relationship between farmers’ markets, their acceptance of food assistance benefits, and their locations within Tennessee …

Design And Validation Of A Scale For Preschoolers: Measuring Nutrition Knowledge, Beliefs, And Behaviors, Michelle E. Johnson

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The literature indicates a lack of validated scales to measure nutrition knowledge, attitudes and behaviors in preschool-aged children. Reliable and valid assessment tools are critical in the development of nutritional interventions for young children; careful design, including psychometric evaluation of reliability and validity, is the best approach to scale development. Best practice points to an efficient, yet comprehensive look at the constructs of knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors. This multi-phase study included 298 preschool children ages 2-6 years (151 girls, 147 boys; mean age 3.936). A 45-item scale was created, with 4 subscales to measure the nutrition knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors …

The Effects Of A Supermarket Tour On Improvement Of Nutrition Knowledge And Eating Behavior, Elizabeth Hall

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The purpose of this study was to determine if participation in a supermarket tour improves nutrition knowledge and eating behavior in adult participants. Participants were recruited in communities surrounding Food City stores, a local supermarket. Prior to completing a standardized tour, participants completed a survey to assess nutrition knowledge and eating behavior. This survey was given to participants again three months later. A program evaluation was given one time at the end of the tour. Data analysis revealed no significant findings, other than the behavior-based question: “How many meals or snacks on most days included vegetables”. Vegetable consumption appeared to …

How The Collective Impact Model Can Help Hispanic Students In East Tennessee Excel In Higher Education, Edwin Soto

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

This research project focuses on helping Hispanic students in the East Tennessee region excel in higher education with existing resources from various organizations. Hispanic high school students were identified to complete a survey. Findings showed that these students are facing legal, financial and social challenges when thinking about higher education. Even though these students are facing these challenges, they still want to pursue higher education in order to make a positive impact in their communities. The collective impact idea is proposed as part of the solution for this social complex problem. Since it is impossible for an individual to solve …

Parental Perceptions Of Preschool-Age Children’S Literacy Development In A Rural Appalachian Community, Kimberly Austin

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Early Childhood educators agree on the significant influence of a parent on a child’s literacy development. The environment a parent provides, in addition to the opportunities a child has in the early years, have a major influence on a child’s literacy development. This study sought to determine how parents in a low-income socioeconomic group perceived literacy development and how their preschool-age children performed on an emergent literacy assessment. The 64 study participants were recruited from a Head Start program in the central Appalachian Mountains. An overwhelming majority of participants were mother/child dyads, every participant spoke English as a primary language, …

The Effect Of Periodized Strength Training And Periodized Concurrent Training On Running Performance, Nicholas Fiolo

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The objective of this dissertation was to evaluate the changes in preparedness over the course of training for a marathon in two well-trained runners. The athletes completed periodized strength training or a periodized concurrent training. This dissertation consisted of two separate investigations:

Study 1 – The purpose of this study was to monitor changes in force production ability and running performance in one sub-elite marathon runner before, during, and after undertaking a short-term block periodized strength training program. The athlete ceased strength training during the off-seasons and resumed testing after 10. The athlete experienced likely true, meaningful changes in force …

Factors Influencing Consumer Preferences For Tangible And Intangible Seafood Characteristics And Community Supported Fishery Marketing Outlets, English Lane Ratliff

All Theses

This study utilized an online survey administered to Kentucky and South Carolina in conjunction with discrete choice modeling to examine: i) the impact of several factors including demographic characteristics, purchasing behaviors, and frequency of seafood consumption on consumer's preferences for specific seafood attributes (e.g. fresh over frozen, wild-caught over farm-raised), ii) the impact of the aforementioned consumer characteristics, on the probability that an individual will be interested in joining a CSF arrangement in the future. The results indicate that demographic characteristics, and lifestyle preferences have a statistically significant effect on consumer's preferences for both tangible and intangible seafood characteristics. However, …

Comparison Of Growth And Reproductive Traits Of Young Growing Beef Bulls Developed On Forage With Or Without Concentrate Supplementation, Graham Scott Sell

All Theses

The objective of this study was to evaluate the growth and reproductive development of young growing beef bulls on a complete forage ration (F) to development of similar young growing beef bulls on a forage ration supplemented with concentrate (CT). Data was collected from the 665 beef bulls, grouped into breed codes (BC) of continental (CN; n = 103) or British (B; n = 562) that participated in the Edisto Forage Bull Test (EFBT) in Blackville, SC from 2006 to 2016 with the exception of 2012. Data from 2012 was lost in a clerical mishap. All Angus, red Angus, and …

Precision Agriculture Technology Development And Utilization For Hay Production, Perry Jonathan Loftis

All Theses

Mass flow sensor algorithms were developed for a hay yield monitoring system using ultrasonic sensors to measure windrow height. The algorithms indicated accuracies of 17.34% to 9.51%, with a wide tolerance to mounting positions. The developed mass flow algorithms were used in a nitrogen rate strip test on a 25 ac irrigated Tifton 85 bermudagrass field. Results suggested that yield, crude protein content and profit was maximized with the highest nitrogen rate only during the first harvest of 2017. All other harvest suggested a lower rate of nitrogen should be applied in order to maximize profit. A second method of …

Persistence Of Escherichia Coli O157:H7 And Listeria Monocytogenes On The Exterior Of Common Packaging Materials, Duleeka Prasadani Kuruwita Arachchige

All Theses

Acute gastroenteritis (AGE), a major cause of illness, results in 179 million AGE cases every year in the United States. AGE bacteria that have low-infectious dose include E. coli O157:H7 (<10-100 cells) and L. monocytogenes (<1000 cells). Because of their low-infectious dose and high environmental resistance, contaminated surfaces, such as the exterior surface of food packages, could be a source for disease transmission. Our aim was to determine the persistence of E. coli O157:H7 and L. monocytogenes on three packaging materials - oriented polyethylene terephthalate (OPET), oriented polypropylene (OPP), and nylon-6. Coupons (25 cm2) from each material were sterilized under ultraviolet light for 5 minutes. Spot and spread inoculation was done on treatment coupons with ca. 7 log CFU of a 3-strain-mixture of green fluorescent protein (GFP)-labeled E. coli O157:H7. All the coupons were incubated at Technical …

Synthesis, Application And Protein Nanomaterial Interactions Of Selected Nanofiber, Nanoparticle And Nanoarray, Yimei Wen

All Dissertations

Nanomaterials have been a hot research topic for past decades due to their unique optical, electronic, catalytic and mechanical properties. This dissertation aims to investigate selected aspects of nanomaterial synthesis, application and protein nanomaterial interactions. We target to improve nanomaterials synthesis, explore their novel applications and study their potential hazardous. Chapter 1 describes new hydrothermal synthesis of carbon nanofibers from cellulose nanocrystals. The described hydrothermal synthesis from cellulose is an environmentally friendly method that has commercial potential for inexpensive production of carbon nanofibers. Chapter 2 describes the application of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) stabilized 2D AgNP array for measuring changes of …

Interrelationships Between Carbohydrate Fractions, Starch Degradability, And Unsaturated Fatty Acids In The Rumen And The Effects On Milk Fat Depressing Conditions, Louisa E. Koch

All Dissertations

Diet-induced milk fat depression is a multifactorial disorder characterized by sustained reduction in milk fat. Feeding high amounts of starch and unsaturated fatty acids have been shown to reduce milk fat yield and concentration, and alter ruminal biohydrogenation. In addition, starch with high rates of degradability may lead to a decrease in ruminal pH and an increase in the outflow of ruminal biohydrogenation intermediates. It is possible that starch sources of high degradability could still be utilized in diets for the recovery of milk fat depression, provided the unsaturated fat level is reduced. Replacing a portion of the starch, especially …

Impacts Of Exposure To A High Concentrate Based Diet On Marbling Development In Beef Cattle, Brandon Michael Koch

All Dissertations

The value of a carcass is largely dependent on lipid deposition. The subcutaneous and visceral depots are often reported to develop and fill first. These depots also have little to no value, and often result in carcass price discounts. The intramuscular depot is well correlated with consumer palatability and carcass value. The ability to increase deposition of intramuscular lipid while minimizing the filling of low value fat depots provides ample opportunity to improve carcass value. Three studies were performed to investigate the ability to improve marbling deposition by altering the timing and duration of exposure to high concentrate diets. The …

An Analysis Of The Readiness Perceptions Of Head Start Parents, Teachers, And Center Leaders In Early Childhood Education, Julie K. Desmangles

All Dissertations

The perceptions that parents, teachers, and early childhood education leaders have about school readiness, and how these individuals promote readiness in children, influences how prepared children are to enter the school setting. In this study, I drew upon an ecological systems model to examine how parents, teachers, and early childhood school leaders perceive and promote school readiness. In this study, I also examined the strategies that early childhood education leaders' used to build relationships with families and community members, and to foster parent involvement. I used semi-structured interviews to collect data from 11 participants in three Head Start Centers in …

Small Rna-Dependent Gene Silencing In The Green Alga Chlamydomonas Reinhardtii: Functions And Mechanisms, Eun Jeong Kim

School of Biological Sciences: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

Small RNAs (sRNAs), ~20-30 nucleotides in length, are non-coding RNAs that play essential roles in the regulation of gene expression in eukaryotes. They lead to inactivation of cognate sequences at the post-transcriptional level via a variety of mechanisms involved in translation inhibition and/or RNA degradation.

In the Chlorophyta Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, however, the molecular machinery responsible for sRNA-mediated translational repression remains unclear. To address the mechanisms of translation inhibition by sRNA, we have isolated an RNAi defective mutant (Mut26), which contains a deletion of the gene encoding the homolog of CCR4 in Chlamydomonas. We investigated the expression …

Predictor Of Diabetes: Correlation Between Leucine Concentration And Insulin Resistance, Chyntia R. Wijaya, Indriyanti R. Sukmana, Jutti Levita

Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy Research

Leucine catabolism changes among people with central obesity. This condition can lead to metabolic pathway disorder and increased mTORC-1 activation. Downstream signal of mTORC-1 is p70S6K1, which causes phosphorylation of insulin-1 receptor substrate (IRC-1). This study was performed to evaluate correlation between leucine concentration and insulin resistance (IR). This study was a prospective cross-sectional study, involving two groups; control and obese group. General characteristics and blood sample were taken from each subject. Leucin and Homeostasis Model Assesment (HOMA)-IR, as the marker of insulin resistance, were evaluated. The result indicated a significant positive correlation between leucine concentration and insulin resistance value …

Approachability Of Nursing Clinical Instructors: Psychometric Assessment Of A Scale Development, Angela Collier

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Approachability of nursing clinical instructors is largely unknown and misunderstood, yet critical for millennial students which currently comprise 82% of nursing students (National League for Nursing, 2014). Nursing education consists of both a didactic and a clinical component. Clinical education is dynamic and allows the student an experiential learning opportunity. Therefore, clinical nursing educators are vitally important. Approachability has been identified in many studies as a leading characteristic of an effective instructor. Although the importance of approachability of the instructor is established, currently no scale exists to measure this concept. The purpose of this study was to examine the validity …

December 2017 Commencement Program, Bowling Green State University

Commencement Programs

No abstract provided.

Variability Of Mycorrhizal Colonization Amongst Varieties Of Coffea Arabica In Monteverde, Costa Rica, December 2017, Mckenzie Sime

Monteverde Institute: Tropical Ecology and Conservation

Mycorrhizae are a kind of fungus that forms symbiotic relationships with plants. They help plants deal with environmental stressors such as drought and disease. Almost all plants have this symbiosis with mycorrhizae, coffee being included in this group. Coffea arabica, a species of coffee, is grown in tropical regions and multiple varieties have been developed to increase the productivity of the plants. However, tropical regions, like Monteverde, Costa Rica where this study was conducted, are going to be some of the hardest areas hit by climate change. Plants are going to be depending more and more on their mycorrhizae as …

Medicinal Herbs And Mosquitoes: A Study Of Plant-Based Insect Repellents, December 2017, Miguel Alejandro Ochoa

Monteverde Institute: Tropical Ecology and Conservation

Mosquito-borne illnesses present a great threat to human health, and result in millions of cases and hundreds of thousands of deaths annually. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of extracted essential oils from three neotropical plants traditionally used in Costa Rican folk medicine as mosquito repellents. I extracted the essential oils of Siparuna decipiens (Monimiaceae), Gliricidia sepium (Fabaceae), and Neuroloena lobata (Asteraceae) via simple steam distillation. The extracted oils were then examined and compared to a negative control in the field on live volunteers, focusing on the mosquitoes in the Monteverde Zone, Puntarenas Province, Costa Rica. After a total …

A Comparison Of Two Innovation Tools: Application On Smart Kitchen Design, Burcu Taşkın

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications and Presentations

The process is one of the significant issues of companies in innovative product design. The designers and the management deal with producing high quality products with the creativity in a short-term period. The researchers developed techniques to solve that problem as TRIZ. The TRIZ-based techniques aim to recover the gaps of the creative innovation to solve specific problems of technical products and technologies. However, the traditional innovation techniques are still preferred for the design process. This study conducted a comparative research on outcomes regarding the process of two design groups. The assignment is given to ten design students to identify …