Digital Commons Network^™

Exploring The Role Of Competition Induced By Non-Vaccine Serotypes For Herd Protection Following Pneumococcal Vaccination, Gl Masala, M Lipsitch, C Bottomley, S Flasche

School of Engineering, Computing and Mathematics

The competitive pressure from non-vaccine serotypes may have helped pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) to limit vaccine-type (VT) serotype prevalence. We aimed to investigate if, consequently, the indirect protection of vaccines targeting most pneumococcal serotypes could fall short of the profound effects of current formulations. We compared three previously described pneumococcal models harmonized to simulate 20 serotypes with a combined pre-vaccination prevalence in children younger than 5-years-old of 40%. We simulated vaccines of increasing valency by adding serotypes in order of their competitiveness and explored their ability to reduce VT carriage by 95% within 10 years after introduction. All models predicted …

A Glimpse Of Gluons Through Deeply Virtual Compton Scattering On The Proton, M. Defurne, A. Marti Jimenez-Arguello, Z. Ahmed, H. Albataineh, K. Allada, K. A. Aniol, V. Bellini, M. Benali, W. Boeglin, P. Bertin, M. Canan, C. E. Hyde, M. N. H. Rashad

Physics Faculty Publications

The internal structure of nucleons (protons and neutrons) remains one of the greatest outstanding problems in modern nuclear physics. By scattering high-energy electrons off a proton we are able to resolve its fundamental constituents and probe their momenta and positions. Here we investigate the dynamics of quarks and gluons inside nucleons using deeply virtual Compton scattering (DVCS)-a highly virtual photon scatters off the proton, which subsequently radiates a photon. DVCS interferes with the Bethe-Heitler (BH) process, where the photon is emitted by the electron rather than the proton. We report herein the full determination of the BH-DVCS interference by exploiting …

Surface Impedance And Optimum Surface Resistance Of A Superconductor With An Imperfect Surface, Alex Gurevich, Takayuki Kubo

Physics Faculty Publications

We calculate a low-frequency surface impedance of a dirty, s-wave superconductor with an imperfect surface incorporating either a thin layer with a reduced pairing constant or a thin, proximity-coupled normal layer. Such structures model realistic surfaces of superconducting materials which can contain oxide layers, absorbed impurities, or nonstoichiometric composition. We solved the Usadel equations self-consistently and obtained spatial distributions of the order parameter and the quasiparticle density of states which then were used to calculate a low-frequency surface resistance R_s (T) and the magnetic penetration depth λ(T) as functions of temperature in the limit of local London electrodynamics. It …

First Exclusive Measurement Of Deeply Virtual Compton Scattering Off 4He: Toward The 3d Tomography Of Nuclei, M. Hattawy, N. A. Baltzell, R. Dupré, K. Hafidi, S. Stepanyan, S. Bültmann, R. De Vita, A. El Alaoui, L. El Fassi, H. Egiyan, B. Torayev, D. Adikaram, M. J. Amaryan, G. Charles, M. Khachatryan, A. Klein, S. E. Kuhn, M. Mayer, Y. Prok, L. B. Weinstein, Z. W. Zhao

Physics Faculty Publications

We report on the first measurement of the beam-spin asymmetry in the exclusive process of coherent deeply virtual Compton scattering off a nucleus. The experiment uses the 6 GeV electron beam from the Continuous Electron Beam Accelerator Facility (CEBAF) accelerator at Jefferson Lab incident on a pressurized ⁴He gaseous target placed in front of the CEBAF Large Acceptance Spectrometer (CLAS). The scattered electron is detected by CLAS and the photon by a dedicated electromagnetic calorimeter at forward angles. To ensure the exclusivity of the process, a specially designed radial time projection chamber is used to detect the recoiling ^{4 …}

Version Française Du Test Numeracy Screener (Ns-F), Un Outil De Dépistage Des Difficultés De Traitement Du Nombre Et Des Quantités, Nadia Nosworthy, Anne Lafay, Stefanie Archambault, Melanie Vigneron

Faculty Publications

The Numeracy Screener was developed by Dr. Nadia Nosworthy and Dr. Daniel Ansari at the Numerical Cognition Laboratory at Western University (Canada). This test is a brief (2 - 4minutes) screening tool of basic number and numerosity processing skills for children ages 5to 9 years. The goal of the present study was to establish a French version of the Numeracy Screener (NS-f), for which the translation is valid. For that purpose, a method of back-translation was used. The results showed a good correspondence (near 80 % adequation)between the original version and both retranslated versions. It thus suggests that the French …

Evidence-Based Survey Design: The Use Of A Midpoint On The Likert Scale, Seung Youn (Yonnie) Chyung, Katherine Roberts, Ieva Swanson, Andrea Hankinson

Organizational Performance and Workplace Learning Faculty Publications and Presentations

Likert-type scales are often used in survey instruments, and practitioners and researchers need to clearly understand the appropriate use of a midpoint in these scales. The authors of this article explore research studies from various disciplines to indicate that there are circumstances when a midpoint should be included and others where it should not. They provide tables, summarizing the benefits and problems in each case as well as evidence-based strategies to employ.

Faraday-Talbot Effect From A Circular Array Of Pillars, Jessica J. Pilgram

Physics

When an oil bath is vertically oscillating with an acceleration above some critical value, known as the Faraday threshold, the bath surface becomes unstable and nonlinear standing wave patterns emerge. One phenomenon that has been observed above the Faraday threshold is the formation of Faraday-Talbot carpets, resulting from near-field diffraction. The optical Talbot effect occurs when a monochromatic wave passes through a diffraction grating. In the near-field, the formation of self- images is observed at integer multiples of what is known as the Talbot length. These two-dimensional patterns have various applications including X-ray imaging and atom and particle trapping. Two- …

Estimate The Distribution Parameters For The Best Rates Of Rainfall In Iraq, Ali Abdul Hussein Alwakilali, Naba Saleh Hadi

Journal of Economics and Administrative Sciences

This paper presents a statistical study for a suitable distribution of rainfall in the provinces of Iraq Using two types of distributions for the period (2005-2015). The researcher suggested log normal distribution, Mixed exponential distribution of each rovince were tested with the distributions to determine the optimal distribution of rainfall in Iraq. The distribution will be selected on the basis of minimum standards produced some goodness of fit tests, which are to determine Akaike (CAIC), Bayesian Akaike (BIC), Akaike (AIC). It has been applied to distributions to find the right distribution of the data of rainfall in the provinces of …

Isolated Character Forms From Dated Syriac Manuscripts, Nicholas Howe, Minyue Dai, Michael Penn

Computer Science: Faculty Publications

This paper describes a set of hand-isolated character samples selected from securely dated manuscripts written in Syriac between 300 and 1300 C.E., which are being made available for research purposes. The collection can be used for a number of applications, including ground truth for character segmentation and form analysis for paleographical dating. Several applications based upon convolutional neural networks demonstrate the possibilities of the data set.

Color-Sketch Simulator: A Guide For Color-Based Visual Known-Item Search, Jakub Lokoč, Anh Nguyen Phuong, Marta Vomlelová, Chong-Wah Ngo

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

In order to evaluate the effectiveness of a color-sketch retrieval system for a given multimedia database, tedious evaluations involving real users are required as users are in the center of query sketch formulation. However, without any prior knowledge about the bottlenecks of the underlying sketch-based retrieval model, the evaluations may focus on wrong settings and thus miss the desired effect. Furthermore, users have usually no clues or recommendations to draw color-sketches effectively. In this paper, we aim at a preliminary analysis to identify potential bottlenecks of a flexible color-sketch retrieval model. We present a formal framework based on position-color feature …

Detecting Semantic Uncertainty By Learning Hedge Cues In Sentences Using An Hmm, Xiujun Li, Wei Gao, Jude Shavlik

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

Detecting speculative assertions is essential to distinguish semantically uncertain information from the factual ones in text. This is critical to the trustworthiness of many intelligent systems that are based on information retrieval and natural language processing techniques, such as question answering or information extraction. We empirically explore three fundamental issues of uncertainty detection: (1) the predictive ability of different learning methods on this task; (2) whether using unlabeled data can lead to a more accurate model; and (3) whether closed-domain training or crossdomain training is better. For these purposes, we adopt two statistical learning approaches to this problem: the commonly …

Presence Attestation: The Missing Link In Dynamic Trust Bootstrapping, Zhangkai Zhang, Xuhua Ding, Gene Tsudik, Jinhua Cui, Zhoujun Li

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

Many popular modern processors include an important hardware security feature in the form of a DRTM (Dynamic Root of Trust for Measurement) that helps bootstrap trust and resists software attacks. However, despite substantial body of prior research on trust establishment, security of DRTM was treated without involvement of the human user, who represents a vital missing link. The basic challenge is: how can a human user determine whether an expected DRTM is currently active on her device? In this paper, we define the notion of “presence attestation”, which is based on mandatory, though minimal, user participation. We present three concrete …

Semvis: Semantic Visualization For Interactive Topical Analysis, Le Van Minh Tuan, Hady Wirawan Lauw

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

Exploratory analysis of a text corpus is an important task that can be aided by informative visualization. One spatially-oriented form of document visualization is a scatterplot, whereby every document is associated with a coordinate, and relationships among documents can be perceived through their spatial distances. Semantic visualization further infuses the visualization space with latent semantics, by incorporating a topic model that has a representation in the visualization space, allowing users to also perceive relationships between documents and topics spatially. We illustrate how a semantic visualization system called SemVis could be used to navigate a text corpus interactively and topically via …

Sourcevote: Fusing Multi-Valued Data Via Inter-Source Agreements, Xiu Susie Fang, Quan Z. Sheng, Xianzhi Wang, Mahmoud Barhamgi, Lina Yao, Anne H.H. Ngu

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

Data fusion is a fundamental research problem of identifying true values of data items of interest from conflicting multi-sourced data. Although considerable research efforts have been conducted on this topic, existing approaches generally assume every data item has exactly one true value, which fails to reflect the real world where data items with multiple true values widely exist. In this paper, we propose a novel approach,SourceVote, to estimate value veracity for multi-valued data items. SourceVote models the endorsement relations among sources by quantifying their two-sided inter-source agreements. In particular, two graphs are constructed to model inter-source relations. Then two aspects …

Introducing People With Asd To Crowd Work, Kotaro Hara, Jeffrey P. Bigham

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) are unemployed at a high rate, in part because the constraints and expectations of traditional employment can be difficult for them. In this paper, we report on our work in introducing people with ASD to remote work on a crowdsourcing platform and a prototype tool we developed by working with participants. We conducted a six-week long user-centered design study with three participants with ASD. The early stage of the study focused on assessing the abilities of our participants to search and work on micro-tasks available on the crowdsourcing market. Based on our preliminary findings, …

Guest Editor's Introduction To The Special Issue On Source Code Analysis And Manipulation (Scam 2015), Foutse Khomh, David Lo, Michael W. Godfrey

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

We are happy to introduce you to this special issue that presents selected papers from the 15th IEEE International Working Conference on Source Code Analysis and Manipulation (SCAM 2015). SCAM is a leading conference that brings together researchers and practitioners working on theory, techniques, and applications that concern analysis and/or manipulation of the source code of computer systems. While much attention in the wider software engineering community is properly directed towards other aspects of systems development and evolution, such as specification, design, and requirements engineering, it is the source code that contains the only precise description of the behavior of …

In Defense Of The Fee Simple, Katrina M. Wyman

Notre Dame Law Review

Prominent economically oriented legal academics are currently arguing that the fee simple, the dominant form of private landownership in the United States, is an inefficient way for society to allocate land. They maintain that the fee simple blocks transfers of land to higher value uses because it provides property owners with a perpetual monopoly. The critics propose that landownership be reformulated to enable private actors to forcibly purchase land from other private owners, similar to the way that governments can expropriate land for public uses using eminent domain. While recognizing the significance of the critique, this Article takes issue with …

Courting Disaster: Climate Change And The Adjudication Of Catastrophe, R. Henry Weaver, Douglas A. Kysar

Notre Dame Law Review

Do we court disaster by stretching the bounds of judicial authority to address problems of massive scale and complexity? Or does disaster lie in refusing to engage the jurisgenerative potential of courts in a domain of such vast significance? This Article examines global climate change adjudication to shed light on these questions, focusing particularly on cases that seek to invoke the norm articulation and enforcement functions of courts. The attempt to configure climate-related harms within such substantive frameworks as tort and constitutional law is fraught with analytical and practical difficulties. Yet the exercise, we argue, is essential. Against the backdrop …

Onshore Wind Speed Modulates Microbial Aerosols Along An Urban Waterfront, M. Elias Drucker, Gregory D. O'Mullan, Joaquín Martínez Martínez, Andrew R. Juhl, Kathleen C. Weathers

Publications and Research

Wind blowing over aquatic and terrestrial surfaces produces aerosols, which include microbial aerosols. We studied the effect of onshore wind speeds on aerosol concentrations as well as total and culturable microbial aerosols (bacterial and viral) at an urban waterfront (New York, NY, USA). We used two distinct methods to characterize microbial aerosol responses to wind speed: A culture-based exposure-plate method measuring viable bacterial deposition near-shore (CFU accumulation rate); and a culture-independent aerosol sampler-based method measuring total bacterial and viral aerosols (cells m−3 air). While ambient coarse (>2 µm) and fine (0.3–2 µm) aerosol particle number concentrations (regulated indicators of …

Research & Strategic Partnerships: Quarterly Review, Volume 4, Issue 2, Portland State University. Research & Strategic Partnerships

Portland State Research Magazine

This issue highlights some of the innovative work PSU faculty members and graduate students are doing around campus, work aimed at producing:

• New nanotechnologies for medical researchers seeking novel therapies to treat diseases
• A solution to the problem of unregulated contaminants in water supplies
• A powerful new tool for forecasting droughts and drought recovery times
• Three-dimensional maps of molecules associated with memory formation, cognition, and learning, and
• Innovations in physics education that will impact students entering health-related fields

Additionally, this issue takes a close look at two recent grants received by PSU faculty members, one of which will improve our …

Evidence For Isospin Violation And Measurement Of C P Asymmetries In B → K ∗ ( 892 ) Γ, T. Horiguchi Et Al., D. Joffe, Ratnappuli L. Kulasiri

Faculty Articles

We report the first evidence for isospin violation in B→K∗γ and the first measurement of the difference of CP asymmetries between B+→K*+γ and B0→K*0γ. This analysis is based on the data sample containing 772×106B¯B pairs that was collected with the Belle detector at the KEKB energy-asymmetric e+e− collider. We find evidence for the isospin violation with a significance of 3.1σ, Δ0+=[+6.2±1.5(stat)±0.6(syst)±1.2(f+−/f00)]%, where the third uncertainty is due to the uncertainty on the fraction of B+B− to B0¯B0 production in Υ(4S) decays. The measured value is consistent with predictions of the standard model. The result for the difference of CP asymmetries …

Measurement Of The Decays B → Η ℓ Ν ℓ And B → Η ′ ℓ Ν ℓ In Fully Reconstructed Events At Belle, C. Beleño Et Al., D. Joffe, Ratnappuli L. Kulasiri

Faculty Articles

We report branching fraction measurements of the decays B+→ηℓ+νℓ and B+→η′ℓ+νℓ based on 711 fb−1 of data collected near the Υ(4S) resonance with the Belle experiment at the KEKB asymmetric-energy e+e− collider. This data sample contains 772 million B¯B events. One of the two Bmesons is fully reconstructed in a hadronic decay mode. Among the remaining (“signal-B”) daughters, we search for the η meson in two decay channels, η→γγ and η→π+π−π0, and reconstruct the η′meson in η′→ηπ+π− with subsequent decay of the η into γγ. Combining the two η modes and using an extended maximum likelihood, the B+→ηℓ+νℓ branching fraction …

Ion Transport Across Biological Membranes By Carborane-Capped Gold Nanoparticles, Marcin P. Grzelczak, Stephen P. Danks, Robert C. Klipp, Domagoj Belic, Adnana Zaulet, Casper Kunstmann-Olsen, Dan F. Bradley, Tatsuya Tsukuda, Clara ViñAs, Francesc Teixidor, Jonathan J. Abramson, Mathias Brust

Physics Faculty Publications and Presentations

Carborane-capped gold nanoparticles (Au/carborane NPs, 2–3 nm) can act as artificial ion transporters across biological membranes. The particles themselves are large hydrophobic anions that have the ability to disperse in aqueous media and to partition over both sides of a phospholipid bilayer membrane. Their presence therefore causes a membrane potential that is determined by the relative concentrations of particles on each side of the membrane according to the Nernst equation. The particles tend to adsorb to both sides of the membrane and can flip across if changes in membrane potential require their repartitioning. Such changes can be made either with …

Single-Reference Coupled Cluster Theory For Multi-Reference Problems, Johannes T. Margraf, Ajith Perera, Jesse J. Lutz, Rodney J. Bartlett

Faculty Publications

Coupled cluster (CC) theory is widely accepted as the most accurate and generally applicable approach in quantum chemistry. CC calculations are usually performed with single Slater-determinant references, e.g., canonical Hartree-Fock (HF) wavefunctions, though any single determinant can be used. This is an attractive feature because typical CC calculations are straightforward to apply, as there is no potentially ambiguous user input required. On the other hand, there can be concern that CC approximations give unreliable results when the reference determinant provides a poor description of the system of interest, i.e., when the HF or any other single determinant ground state has …

Climatic Control On Icelandic Volcanic Activity During The Mid-Holocene, Graeme T. Swindles, Elizabeth J. Watson, Ivan P. Savov, Ian T. Lawson, Anja Schmidt, Andrew Hooper, Claire L. Cooper, Charles B. Connor, Manuel Gloor, Jonathan L. Carrivick

School of Geosciences Faculty and Staff Publications

Human-induced climate change is causing rapid melting of ice in many volcanically active regions. Over glacial-interglacial time scales changes in surface loading exerted by large variations in glacier size affect the rates of volcanic activity. Numerical models suggest that smaller changes in ice volume over shorter time scales may also influence rates of mantle melt generation. However, this effect has not been verified in the geological record. Furthermore, the time lag between climatic forcing and a resultant change in the frequency of volcanic eruptions is unknown. We present empirical evidence that the frequency of volcanic eruptions in Iceland was affected …

Receiver Function Analyses Of Uturuncu Volcano, Bolivia And Vicinity, Heather Mcfarlin, Douglas Christensen, Stephen R. Mcnutt, Kevin M. Ward, Jamie Ryan, George Zandt, Glenn Thompson

School of Geosciences Faculty and Staff Publications

Uturuncu volcano, located near the borders of Chile and Bolivia in the Central Andes, has been identified as one of two volcanoes in the region with large-scale and active, yet decelerating, inflation. A large low-velocity zone named the Altiplano-Puna magma body (APMB) has been shown to feed magma to Uturuncu and is thought to be a source of the deformation occurring here. The international, multidisciplinary PLUTONS project deployed 28 broadband seismic sensors in a 90 km by 90 km region around and on Uturuncu volcano between April 2010 and October 2012. Over 800 teleseismic receiver functions have been generated and …

Lifting Achievement Levels And Improving The Return On Australia’S Investment In Schooling : Submission To The Review To Achieve Educational Excellence In Australian Schools (Chair: Mr David Gonski), Australian Council For Educational Research (Acer)

Program monitoring and evaluation

Many students in our schools are not learning as well as they could because they are not being given learning opportunities at an appropriate level of challenge. Instead, students are grouped by year level (age) and teachers deliver curricula assumed to be appropriate for all students in the same year of school. However, the most advanced ten per cent of students in any year of school are five to six years ahead of the least advanced ten per cent. For less advanced students, the year-level curriculum is often too far ahead. Many are judged to be underperforming year after year, …

Istl9413 Lecture On Discovery Services, Athena Hoeppner

Faculty Scholarship and Creative Works

Invited lecture for ISTL9413 Management of Elecronic Resources, taught by Instructor Chris LeBeau. Given each November 2015, 2016, and 2017.

Angioarchitectures And Hemodynamic Characteristics Of Posterior Communicating Artery Aneurysms And Their Association With Rupture Status, Bong Jae Chung, Ravi Doddasomayajula, Fernando Mut, Felicitas Detmer, Michael Pritz, Farid Hamzei-Sichani, Waleed Brinjikji, David F. Kallmes, Carlos M. Jimenez, Christopher Putman, Juan Cebral

Department of Applied Mathematics and Statistics Faculty Scholarship and Creative Works

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Intracranial aneurysms originating at the posterior communicating artery are known to have high rupture risk compared with other locations. We tested the hypothesis that different angioarchitectures (ie, branch point configuration) of posterior communicating artery aneurysms are associated with aneurysm hemodynamics, which in turn predisposes aneurysms to rupture.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 313 posterior communicating artery aneurysms (145 ruptured, 168 unruptured) were studied with image-based computational fluid dynamics. Aneurysms were classified into different angioarchitecture types depending on the location of the aneurysm with respect to parent artery bifurcation. Hemodynamic characteristics were compared between ruptured and unruptured …

Investigation Of Blend Time For Turbulent Newtonian Fluids In Stirred Tanks, Aaron Strand

Theses

A blend time investigation for stirred tanks was conducted to study the effect of impeller type (A310 Hydrofoil, Pitched-Blade Turbine, Rushton Turbine), impeller diameter (D/T = 1/5, 1/3, and 1/2), and impeller off-bottom distance (C/T = 1/5, 1/3, and 1/2) while considering tank diameter (T = 0.80 and 1.22 m) and mean specific energy dissipation (ε = 0.005 and 0.010 W/kg) for turbulent Newtonian fluids with square batch aspect ratios. The response of conductivity probes to the injection of a sodium chloride tracer was monitored to experimentally measure blend time for 108 unique setups. The results of the blend time …