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2017

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The Benefits Of Arts Education In Second Language Acquisition And In Pedagogy, Christina Marie Lastra Jan 2017

The Benefits Of Arts Education In Second Language Acquisition And In Pedagogy, Christina Marie Lastra

Cal Poly Humboldt theses and projects

This literature review provides a look into some of the available scholarly literature on the benefits of arts education in second language acquisition and in pedagogy. It considers various aspects, concepts and implementations of arts education and the academic benefits that result. This paper also includes my own efforts as an educator in using arts education in my lesson planning and the outcomes within my classroom from my Spanish students and how they coincide with the scholarly literature.

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Comparison Of The Role Of The Renin-Angiotensin Aldosterone System In The Genesis Ofhypertension Between Two Groups Of Nonhunting Dogs And Hunting Dogs, Elvira Hadziahmetovic Jurida, Jasmin Ferizbegovic, Stjepan Krcmar Jan 2017

Comparison Of The Role Of The Renin-Angiotensin Aldosterone System In The Genesis Ofhypertension Between Two Groups Of Nonhunting Dogs And Hunting Dogs, Elvira Hadziahmetovic Jurida, Jasmin Ferizbegovic, Stjepan Krcmar

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

The role of the renin-angiotensin aldosterone system in the genesis of hypertension between nonhunting dogs and hunting dogs of various breeds was comparatively studied in the city of Tuzla (Bosnia and Herzegovina). Sixty dogs were divided into four subgroups based on different age categories. Hypertension was recorded in 21 dogs or in 35% of examined dogs. Fourteen dogs had mild (23.3%), 5 dogs had moderate (8.3%), and 2 dogs had severe hypertension (3.3%). The most cases of hypertension (n = 9) were recorded in hunting dogs aged from 9 to 12 years. In subgroups of nonhunting and hunting dogs aged …

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Some Reproductive, Lactation, And Kid Growth Characteristics Ofkilis Goats Under Semiintensive Conditions, Mahmut Keski̇n, Sabri̇ Gül, Osman Bi̇çer, İrfan Daşkiran Jan 2017

Some Reproductive, Lactation, And Kid Growth Characteristics Ofkilis Goats Under Semiintensive Conditions, Mahmut Keski̇n, Sabri̇ Gül, Osman Bi̇çer, İrfan Daşkiran

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

This study was carried out to determine some reproductive and kid growth characteristics as well as some lactation traits of Kilis goats raised under semiintensive conditions in Kilis Province in Turkey. The animal material of the study comprised 502, 698, and 753 heads of Kilis goats in 2013, 2014, and 2015, respectively. At the end of study, multiple birth rates were calculated between 31.5% and 35.7% during the years. Lactation length and lactation milk yield were determined to be between 207.1 ± 0.81 and 232.4 ± 0.65 days and between 315.7 ± 4.16 l and 375.6 ± 3.4 L, respectively …

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Open-Access Crime Maps As Digital Rhetoric And Crime Reporting In Chicago: Using New Aesthetic Overlaps To Change Journalism And Citizen Interaction, Aaron Geiger Jan 2017

Open-Access Crime Maps As Digital Rhetoric And Crime Reporting In Chicago: Using New Aesthetic Overlaps To Change Journalism And Citizen Interaction, Aaron Geiger

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

When data mining meets the rhetoric of maps and crowdsourcing in the age of digital journalism, we can use the abundance of data to change, modify or reinforce particular reporting behaviors or journalism policies. We also live in an age of overlapping boundaries of technologies, algorithms and human interfaces---it is within these overlaps that we find anomalies, "glitches", and digital errata that can expose different perceptions of the same artifacts and algorithms. The overlapping of the heterogeneous network, as James Bridle calls it, is known as The New Aesthetic. It is not a movement, but "a series of artifacts ... …

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On The Matroid Intersection Conjecture, Shadisadat Ghaderi Jan 2017

On The Matroid Intersection Conjecture, Shadisadat Ghaderi

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

In this dissertation, we investigate the Matroid Intersection Conjecture for pairs of matroids on the same ground set, proposed by Nash-Williams in 1990. Originally, the conjecture was stated for finitary matroids only, but we consider it for general matroids and introduce new approaches to attack the conjecture.;The first approach is to consider the situation when it is possible to make a finite modification to the matroids after which the pair satisfies the conjecture. In such a situation we say that the pair has the Almost Intersection Property. We prove that any pair of matroids with the Almost Intersection Property must …

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On Factors That Influence User Interactions With Social Media Spam: Empirical Exploration Based On A Survey And Experiment, Thomas J. Kyanko Jan 2017

On Factors That Influence User Interactions With Social Media Spam: Empirical Exploration Based On A Survey And Experiment, Thomas J. Kyanko

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

This thesis explores various factors that influence whether or not users of social media platforms will interact with spam. The research is based on using survey and experimental approaches. The survey looked at several spam related behaviors: ability to identify spam, tendency to interact with spam, and tendency to report spam. In total 256 responses were analyzed, which were collected by an online survey system. Results of the survey show that education about spam did not correlate with changes in behavior, even when users reported that the education had an effect on them. Several other factors, commonly thought to be …

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Farm Near Almindingen, Bornholm, Denmark, Thomas M. Segerstrom Jan 2017

Farm Near Almindingen, Bornholm, Denmark, Thomas M. Segerstrom

The Mercury

No abstract provided.

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Potential For Scaling Up Climate Smart Agricultural Practices: Examples From Sub-Saharan Africa, Kindie Tesfaye, Menale Kassie, Jill E. Cairns, Misiko Michael, Clare Stirling, Tsedeke Abate, B. M. Prasanna, Mulugetta Mekuria, Habtamu Hailu, Dil Bahadur Rahut, Olaf Erenstein, Bruno Gerard Jan 2017

Potential For Scaling Up Climate Smart Agricultural Practices: Examples From Sub-Saharan Africa, Kindie Tesfaye, Menale Kassie, Jill E. Cairns, Misiko Michael, Clare Stirling, Tsedeke Abate, B. M. Prasanna, Mulugetta Mekuria, Habtamu Hailu, Dil Bahadur Rahut, Olaf Erenstein, Bruno Gerard

All Peer-Reviewed Publications

Agriculture in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) is predominantly rain-fed, and erratic weather patterns and extreme weather events, exacerbated by the changing climate, adds to the challenges faced by smallholder farmers in producing enough food to feed the ever growing population of the region. While the farming communities are responding to these challenges, there is an intensive need for scaling-up adoption of appropriate interventions that can help increase crop yields and resilience to climate change. A review and analysis of potential climate-smart agricultural practices (CSAs) in SSA indicate that some CSAs are increasingly adopted by farmers and show potential for scaling up. …

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Mursamacin: A Novel Class Of Antibiotics From Soil-Dwelling Roundworms Of Central Kenya That Inhibits Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus, Ryan Musumba Awori, Peter Njenga Ng'ang'a, Lorine Nanjala Nyongesa, Nelson Onzere Amugune, Daniel Masiga Jan 2017

Mursamacin: A Novel Class Of Antibiotics From Soil-Dwelling Roundworms Of Central Kenya That Inhibits Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus, Ryan Musumba Awori, Peter Njenga Ng'ang'a, Lorine Nanjala Nyongesa, Nelson Onzere Amugune, Daniel Masiga

All Peer-Reviewed Publications

Antibiotic-resistant bacteria, also called " superbugs", can at worst retrogress modern medicine to an era where even sore throats resulted in death. A solution is the development of novel types of antibiotics from untapped natural sources. Yet, no new class of antibiotic has been developed in clinical medicine in the last 30 years. Here, bacteria from insect-killing Steinernema roundworms found in the soils of Central Kenya were isolated and subjected to specific molecular identification. These were then assayed for production of antibiotic compounds with potential to treat methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections. The bacteria were identified as Xenorhabdus griffiniae and produced …

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Plant–Insect Interactions In A Changing World, S. Pincebourde, J. Van Baaren, S. Rasmann, P. Rasmont, G. Rodet, B. Martinet, P. A. Calatayud Jan 2017

Plant–Insect Interactions In A Changing World, S. Pincebourde, J. Van Baaren, S. Rasmann, P. Rasmont, G. Rodet, B. Martinet, P. A. Calatayud

All Peer-Reviewed Publications

Global change is resetting the spatial and ecological equilibrium of complex co-evolutionary relationships between plants and their insect herbivores. We review the mechanisms at play in the responses of plant–insect interactions to global changes, including increased temperature and atmospheric CO2 concentrations, modification of land use and pollution. We distinguish between the direct effects of global changes on each partner from the indirect impacts on insects via the responses of plants. The indirect effects include a change in the nutritional quality of the plant tissues for herbivore insects, as well as a change in the microclimatic conditions at the leaf surface. …

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Bayesian Approach On Quantifying The Safety Effects Of Pedestrian Countdown Signals To Drivers, Angela E. Kitali Jan 2017

Bayesian Approach On Quantifying The Safety Effects Of Pedestrian Countdown Signals To Drivers, Angela E. Kitali

UNF Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Pedestrian countdown signals (PCSs) are viable traffic control devices that assist pedestrians in crossing intersections safely. Despite the fact that PCSs are meant for pedestrians, they also have an impact on drivers’ behavior at intersections. This study focuses on the evaluation of the safety effectiveness of PCSs to drivers in the cities of Jacksonville and Gainesville, Florida. The study employs two Bayesian approaches, before-and-after empirical Bayes (EB) and full Bayes (FB) with a comparison group, to quantify the safety impacts of PCSs to drivers. Specifically, crash modification factors (CMFs), which are estimated using the aforementioned two methods, were used to …

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The Dark Web: Some Thoughts For An Educated Debate, Vanessa Henri Jan 2017

The Dark Web: Some Thoughts For An Educated Debate, Vanessa Henri

Canadian Journal of Law and Technology

The ‘‘dark web” is a part of cyberspace that is only accessible through an anonymity software, such as The Onion Router. This encrypted network has prompted important legal challenges. As jurisprudence develops, many factors are at risk of inhibiting users’ right to privacy. Misunderstandings of the dark web’s functioning or myths regarding its veil of anonymity has justified invasive criminal investigations that has threatened users’ right to remain anonymous online. This article discusses these challenges while analyzing current legal developments in the United States and Canada.

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Multiple States Of Nitrile Hydratase From Rhodococcus Equi Tg328-2: Structural And Mechanistic Insights From Electron Paramagnetic Resonance And Density Functional Theory Studies, Natalia Stein, Natalie Gumataotao, Natalia Hajnas, Rui Wu, Karunagala Pathiranage Wasantha Lankathilaka, Uwe Bornscheuer, Dali Liu, Adam T. Fiedler, Richard C. Holz, Brian Bennett Jan 2017

Multiple States Of Nitrile Hydratase From Rhodococcus Equi Tg328-2: Structural And Mechanistic Insights From Electron Paramagnetic Resonance And Density Functional Theory Studies, Natalia Stein, Natalie Gumataotao, Natalia Hajnas, Rui Wu, Karunagala Pathiranage Wasantha Lankathilaka, Uwe Bornscheuer, Dali Liu, Adam T. Fiedler, Richard C. Holz, Brian Bennett

Physics Faculty Research and Publications

Iron-type nitrile hydratases (NHases) contain an Fe(III) ion coordinated in a characteristic “claw setting” by an axial cysteine thiolate, two equatorial peptide nitrogens, the sulfur atoms of equatorial cysteine-sulfenic and cysteine-sulfinic acids, and an axial water/hydroxyl moiety. The cysteine-sulfenic acid is susceptible to oxidation, and the enzyme is traditionally prepared using butyric acid as an oxidative protectant. The as-prepared enzyme exhibits a complex electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectrum due to multiple low-spin (S = 1/2) Fe(III) species. Four distinct signals can be assigned to the resting active state, the active state bound to butyric acid, an …

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Distress And Worry As Mediators In The Relationship Between Psychosocial Risks And Upper Body Musculosketal Complaints In Highly Automated Manufacturing, Fiona Wixted, Leonard O'Sullivan Jan 2017

Distress And Worry As Mediators In The Relationship Between Psychosocial Risks And Upper Body Musculosketal Complaints In Highly Automated Manufacturing, Fiona Wixted, Leonard O'Sullivan

H-Workload 2017: Models and Applications (Works in Progress)

As a result of an upward trend in automation, the requirement for supervisory monitoring and consequently, cognitive demand has increased in automated manufacturing. The incidence of musculoskeletal disorders has also increased in the manufacturing sector. A model was developed based on survey data to test if distress and worry mediate the relationship between psychosocial factors (job control, cognitive demand, social isolation and skill discretion), stress states and upper body musculoskeletal complaints in highly automated manufacturing companies (n=235). Cognitive demand was shown to be related to higher distress in employees. The data raise the question about the link between job control …

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How Useful Are Carboard Mock-Ups: The Use Of Different Levels Of Simulation Fidelity In Assessing Signallers' Workload, Andrew Marshall, James Murphy Jan 2017

How Useful Are Carboard Mock-Ups: The Use Of Different Levels Of Simulation Fidelity In Assessing Signallers' Workload, Andrew Marshall, James Murphy

H-Workload 2017: Models and Applications (Works in Progress)

Two techniques were utilised: the Bedford Scale and the NASA TLX. Assessments were made with two levels of fidelity. The first used a busy 15 minute scenario with seven different failure conditions using paper based layouts of the new signalling system. The second used a three dimensional representation of the proposed signal box layout for a busy one hour scenario. A key finding was that the new box could be run by two signallers with acceptable levels of workload, even with minor failures. A number of changes to the layout were proposed based on the experience of an hour's simulation. …

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Petrochemical Plant Console Operator Workload:The Issues, David A. Strobhar Jan 2017

Petrochemical Plant Console Operator Workload:The Issues, David A. Strobhar

H-Workload 2017: Models and Applications (Works in Progress)

The console operators of certain petrochemical processes must maintain high levels of performance during process upsets or endanger personnel safety and the environment. Mismanagement of an upset can result in explosions, fires, and the release of hazardous chemicals to the environment. The change in workload from steady state to upset operation is significant, with alarms and control changes that are of an order of magnitude. This paper describes the state of console activity in process plants, particularly the increase with key upsets. Quantitative data on the nature of the console operator’s position, its workload during normal operation, and the requirements …

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Preliminary Analysis Of Cyberterrorism Threats To Internet Of Things (Iot) Applications, Bilge Karabacak, Mobolarinwa Balogun, Hayretdin Bahsi Jan 2017

Preliminary Analysis Of Cyberterrorism Threats To Internet Of Things (Iot) Applications, Bilge Karabacak, Mobolarinwa Balogun, Hayretdin Bahsi

All Faculty and Staff Scholarship

The era of Internet of Things (IoT) being a combination of various networking and computing technologies already in a state of growth that introduces a new age of data aggregation mechanism and ubiquitous connectivity among physical objects. However, the most of the cyber threats still remain unsolved and may create huge impact on our lives. One of the possible major changes in impact landscape is the imminent physical results of cyber threats as IoT technologies enable closer interactions between humans and information systems. Although the cyber threats to critical infrastructures have been highly considered by the cyber security community, the …

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Formative Evaluation Of A Web-Based Multimedia Intervention To Support Learning Of Statistics, Natalya Koehler, Ana-Paula Correia, Nimet Alpay, Carolyn Levally Jan 2017

Formative Evaluation Of A Web-Based Multimedia Intervention To Support Learning Of Statistics, Natalya Koehler, Ana-Paula Correia, Nimet Alpay, Carolyn Levally

All Faculty and Staff Scholarship

No abstract provided.

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Spring/Summer 2017 Jan 2017

Spring/Summer 2017

University of Richmond Magazine

No abstract provided.

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Gvsu Undergraduate And Graduate Catalog, 2017-2018, Grand Valley State University Jan 2017

Gvsu Undergraduate And Graduate Catalog, 2017-2018, Grand Valley State University

Course Catalogs, 1963 - Current

Grand Valley State University 2017-2018 undergraduate and/or graduate course catalog published annually to provide students with information and guidance for enrollment.

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Water In Melt Inclusions From Phenocrysts Of Dacite Pumice Of The Vetrovoy Isthmus (Iturup Island, Southern Kuriles), A. A. Kotov, S. Z. Smirnov, I. A. Maksimovich, P. Y. Plechov, N. V. Chertkova, Aleksei I. Befus Jan 2017

Water In Melt Inclusions From Phenocrysts Of Dacite Pumice Of The Vetrovoy Isthmus (Iturup Island, Southern Kuriles), A. A. Kotov, S. Z. Smirnov, I. A. Maksimovich, P. Y. Plechov, N. V. Chertkova, Aleksei I. Befus

School of Geosciences Faculty and Staff Publications

This work is devoted to the study of one of the largest caldera eruptions of the Kurile-Kamchatka island-arc system that occurred on the island of Iturup. The object of investigation of this work are phenocrysts of quartz and plagioclase from dacite pumice of the Isthmus of the Isthmus, which is located on the island of Iturup. The purpose of this work is to determine the water content in the melts that participated in the caldera eruption of the Vetrovoy Isthmus and the patterns of their changes during the crystallization of magma. In the course of the work, the following were …

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Evidence Of Long-Term Nao Influence On East-Central Europe Winter Precipitation From A Guano-Derived Δ15N Record, Daniel M. Cleary, Jonathan G. Wynn, Monica Ionita, Ferenc L. Forray, Bogdan P. Onac Jan 2017

Evidence Of Long-Term Nao Influence On East-Central Europe Winter Precipitation From A Guano-Derived Δ15N Record, Daniel M. Cleary, Jonathan G. Wynn, Monica Ionita, Ferenc L. Forray, Bogdan P. Onac

School of Geosciences Faculty and Staff Publications

Currently there is a scarcity of paleo-records related to the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), particularly in East-Central Europe (ECE). Here we report δ15N analysis of guano from a cave in NW Romania with the intent of reconstructing past variation in ECE hydroclimate and examine NAO impacts on winter precipitation. We argue that the δ15N values of guano indicate that the nitrogen cycle is hydrologically controlled and the δ15N values likely reflect winter precipitation related to nitrogen mineralization prior to the growing season. Drier conditions indicated by δ15N values at AD 1848–1852 and …

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Arithmetic | Algebra, Samar Elhitti, Marianna Bonanome, Holly Carley, Thomas Tradler, Lin Zhou Jan 2017

Arithmetic | Algebra, Samar Elhitti, Marianna Bonanome, Holly Carley, Thomas Tradler, Lin Zhou

Open Educational Resources

Arithmetic | Algebra provides a customized open-source textbook for the math developmental students at New York City College of Technology. The book consists of short chapters, addressing essential concepts necessary to successfully proceed to credit-level math courses. Each chapter provides several solved examples and one unsolved “Exit Problem”. Each chapter is also supplemented by its own WeBWork online homework assignment. The book can be used in conjunction with WeBWork for homework (online) or with the Arithmetic | Algebra Homework handbook (traditional). The content in the book, WeBWork and the homework handbook are also aligned to prepare students for the CUNY …

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Improving Learning Outcomes Within A Developing Maritime Nation Lacking Practical Resources Through The Introduction Of Classroom Technology : A Case Study At A South African University Of Technology, Derek Lambert Jan 2017

Improving Learning Outcomes Within A Developing Maritime Nation Lacking Practical Resources Through The Introduction Of Classroom Technology : A Case Study At A South African University Of Technology, Derek Lambert

World Maritime University Ph.D. Dissertations

This study primarily explores whether or not the use of emerging technologies can be used to counter a lack of available resources in developing countries. The research takes the form of a case study conducted over three successive semesters at a South African University of Technology maritime campus, with the subjects being the Marine Engineering students at a senior level. The study makes extensive use of concept mapping to introduce digital syllabi according to scaffold learning principles, and thereafter to implement a range of selected learning methods based on prominent learning theories to address the needs of the students, as …

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Investing In Youth Work: Learning From Complexity, Kari Denissen Cunnien Jan 2017

Investing In Youth Work: Learning From Complexity, Kari Denissen Cunnien

Journal of Youth Development

This article proposes key elements for a system of support for youth workers to develop their professional skills and capabilities by using a human development approach. The article argues that narrowed and bureaucratic approaches to professional development can ignore the complex dynamics of human development that support engaged learning and continuous growth and improvement. The author suggests a more dynamic system where professional development in grounded by practice; employs reflection, mentorship and coaching; and supports healthy organizational culture to foster high quality youth work.

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Effects Of Role-Goal Methods On Student Engagement: A Case Study, Zachariah John Lillquist Jan 2017

Effects Of Role-Goal Methods On Student Engagement: A Case Study, Zachariah John Lillquist

Honors Program Theses

As a pre-service teacher, areas of focus that I have found to be incredibly intriguing are student motivation and student engagement. How educators motivate their students in their respective classrooms is something that has always been of interest to me. Many topics, including science – my field of teaching – are often remembered by students as the class they disliked the most or the one with the poor teacher. This could be due to a number of factors; it may be the style of teaching, the methodology of teaching, the age of the teacher, the curriculum itself, etc. The list …

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Using The Growth Mindset To Improve Opportunities For Negotiation In Argument-Based Inquiry Elementary Classrooms, Bridget Tharp Jan 2017

Using The Growth Mindset To Improve Opportunities For Negotiation In Argument-Based Inquiry Elementary Classrooms, Bridget Tharp

Honors Program Theses

The purpose of this study is to evaluate if teaching students about the growth mindset improves achievement on standardized science assessment in a classroom that uses argument-based inquiry (ABI) instruction. A critical part of ABI is also referred to as negotiation and is considered cognitively demanding for students. The demands of argumentation often make its implementation extremely challenging for teachers because students often do not have strategies to overcome the failure they will encounter during the process. ABI is a research-based instructional practice that has been shown to improve student learning in science. This study will look at specific aspects …

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Gyrochronology Of Wide Binaries In The Kepler K2 Campaign 5 Field, Terry D. Oswalt, Derek Buzasi, Tomomi Otani Jan 2017

Gyrochronology Of Wide Binaries In The Kepler K2 Campaign 5 Field, Terry D. Oswalt, Derek Buzasi, Tomomi Otani

Publications

We are determining rotation periods for an ensemble of over 100 wide non-interacting binary stars in the K2 Campaign 5 field that contain two main sequence dwarfs, as well as a smaller sample containing at least one white dwarf component. Observations of such coeval pairs provide the basis for our new investigation of rotation-based age determinations. Such “gyrochronology” ages can achieve a precision that exceeds most other current method of stellar age determination. Here we present a status report on our analysis of the light curves extracted from the K2 Campaign 5 field.

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Testing The Stellar Rotation Vs. Age Paradigm Using Wide Binaries In The Kepler & K2 Fields, T. D. Oswalt, T. Otani, A. Stone-Martinez, P. Majewski, D. Buzasi Jan 2017

Testing The Stellar Rotation Vs. Age Paradigm Using Wide Binaries In The Kepler & K2 Fields, T. D. Oswalt, T. Otani, A. Stone-Martinez, P. Majewski, D. Buzasi

Publications

Essential to understanding the history of the Galaxy’s stellar populations, ages are among the most difficult to measure properties of stars. Accurate stellar ages would provide key leverage on problems ranging from the habitability of exoplanets to the Galaxy’s chemical evolution and age. Gyrochronology, the empirical relation between rotation and age, is believed to be among the best current methods of stellar age determination. Using several hundred wide non-interacting binaries identified in the Kepler mission “K2” extended mission fields we are testing this paradigm. Such wide pairs afford a unique opportunity to unravel and calibrate the effects of mass, rotation, …

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Spatial And Temporal Variability In Mlt Turbulence Inferred From In Situ And Ground-Based Observations During The Wadis-1 Sounding Rocket Campaign, Boris Strelnikov, Arthur Szewczyk, Irina Strelnikova, Ralph Latteck, Gerd Baumgarten, Franz-Josef Lübken, Et. Al. Jan 2017

Spatial And Temporal Variability In Mlt Turbulence Inferred From In Situ And Ground-Based Observations During The Wadis-1 Sounding Rocket Campaign, Boris Strelnikov, Arthur Szewczyk, Irina Strelnikova, Ralph Latteck, Gerd Baumgarten, Franz-Josef Lübken, Et. Al.

Publications

In summer 2013 the WADIS-1 sounding rocket campaign was conducted at the Andøya Space Center (ACS) in northern Norway (69° N, 16° E). Among other things, it addressed the question of the variability in mesosphere/lower thermosphere (MLT) turbulence, both in time and space. A unique feature of the WADIS project was multi-point turbulence sounding applying different measurement techniques including rocket-borne ionization gauges, VHF MAARSY radar, and VHF EISCAT radar near Tromsø. This allowed for horizontal variability to be observed in the turbulence field in the MLT at scales from a few to 100 km. We found that the turbulence dissipation …

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