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Documenting Indigenous Tagbanua Practices That Support Environmental Conservation In Palawan, Philippines, Shannon E. Thomas

Graduate Research Theses & Dissertations

This research analyzes the relationship between a particular indigenous Filipino tribal society, the Aborlan Tagbanua, and their natural environment. The Tagbanua face issues associated with ancestral land loss and increased environmental degradation as a result of corporate and government interests and the arrival of migrants to their native regions. This research focuses on the ways in which the Tagbanua rely on their surrounding environment through their cultural practices and beliefs. I addressed three key research questions: How is the concept of nature embedded within indigenous Tagbanua culture and society? How have environmental challenges, such as changes in landscape due to …

Fishery Habitat In Estuaries Of The Gulf Of Mexico: Reflections On Geographical Variability In Salt Marsh Value And Function, Thomas J. Minello

Gulf and Caribbean Research

After 35 years working with many estuarine ecologists, I have concluded that all salt marshes are not created equal. This may seem like a trivial conclusion, but not everyone is a believer. While coastal salt marshes have many important ecological functions, their ability to support marine fisheries appears dependent on some specific characteristics. Extensive flooding of the marsh surface and a large amount of edge per area of vegetation have been identified as important in supporting production of juvenile brown shrimp (Farfantepenaeus aztecus), white shrimp (Litopenaeus setiferus), and blue crab (Callinectes sapidus). Data on other species are limited, but …

Needle Exchange Programs For The Prevention Of Hepatitis C Virus Infection In People Who Inject Drugs: A Systematic Review With Meta-Analysis, Stephen M. Davis, Shay Daily, Alfgeir L. Kristjansson, George A. Kelley, Keith Zullig, Adam Baus, Danielle Davidov, Melanie Fisher

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

Background

Previous research on the effectiveness of needle exchange programs (NEP) in preventing hepatitis C virus (HCV) in people who inject drugs (PWID) has shown mixed findings. The purpose of this study was to use the meta-analytic approach to examine the association between NEP use and HCV prevention in PWIDs.

Methods

Study inclusion criteria were (1) observational studies, (2) PWIDs, (3) NEP use, (4) HCV status ascertained by serological testing, (5) studies published in any language since January 1, 1989, and (6) data available for measures of association. Studies were located by searching four electronic databases and cross-referencing. Study quality …

Environmental Enteric Dysfunction And The Fecal Microbiota In Malawian Children, M. Isabel Ordiz, Kevin Stephenson, Sophia Agapova, Kristine M. Wylie, Ken Maleta, John Martin, Indi Trehan, Washington University School Of Medicine In St. Louis, Mark J. Manary

Open Access Publications

No abstract provided.

Reducing Acute Cardiovascular Hospitalizations With A Weight Management Program (Reach), Laura A. Graham

All ETDs from UAB

Reducing cardiovascular (CVD) risk factors such as obesity through lifestyle and behavioral interventions like weight management programs should result in better cardiovascular health. However, there is conflicting evidence on the effectiveness of these interventions in reducing long-term CVD outcomes such as acute myocardial infarction or stroke. This reflects an important gap in our understanding about factors affecting recruitment and engagement in these programs and how these factors relate to improvement in long-term cardiovascular health. To address this gap, we will use a retrospective study with up to 11 years of follow up data from the nation’s largest health care system-associated …

Eco-Efficiency Of High-Yielding Variety Rice Cultivation After Accounting For On-Farm Environmental Damage As An Undesirable Output: An Empirical Analysis From Bangladesh, N-E Sabiha, R Salim, S Rahman

School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences

This study computes the eco-efficiency of high-yielding variety (HYV) rice production by including an on-farm environmental damage index (OFEDI) as an undesirable output using data envelopment analysis. It then identifies its determinants by applying an interval regression procedure on a sample of 317 farmers from north-western Bangladesh. Results reveal that the mean level of the OFEDI-adjusted production efficiency (i.e. eco-efficiency) is 89 per cent, whereas ignoring OFEDI adjustment (i.e. with OFEDI = 0) reduces the mean level of efficiency to 69 per cent, implying that the production of undesirable output or on-farm environmental damage induces an efficiency loss of 20 …

Grasshopper (Orthoptera: Caelifera) And Plant Community Relationships On Indio Mountains Research Station, Hudspeth County, Texas, Sara Ebrahim Baqla

Open Access Theses & Dissertations

An ecogeographic analysis of a grasshopper survey was conducted at eight sites on Indio Mountains Research Station (IMRS) in the Chihuahuan Desert during September 2014 through December 2015. Five sites contained ephemeral water sources (earthen tanks), one had perennial water (spring system), and two were open desert. A total of 23 grasshopper species were identified, and six of those were new records for the property. The most species rich site was Echo Tank, with 14 grasshopper species. A UPGMA dendrogram showed Red Tank and Rattlesnake Tank, both wetland sites, to be the most similar (CBR = .84). A poisson model …

Association Between Diabetes And Cancer In Indian And Us Populations Using Longitudinal Study Design, Shraddha S. Vyas

Theses and Dissertations

Background: There is growing evidence of association between diabetes and cancer. No studies have been conducted in India evaluating this association. With the current epidemiologic, nutritional and economic transition in India, it becomes extremely important to examine this association in an Indian population. Additionally, difference in association exists based on different cancer subtypes. Research has shown that diabetes is associated with an increased risk of colorectal cancer. However most of these studies suggest detection bias to be one of the probable reasons for this association. Additionally, the common risk factors shared by both these conditions are considered to one of …

Environmental Factors Correlated With Culturable Enterococci Concentrations In Tropical Recreational Waters: A Case Study In Escambron Beach, San Juan, Puerto Rico, A. E. Laureano-Rosario, E. M. Symonds, Digna Rueda-Roa, Daniel B. Otis, Frank E. Muller-Karger

Marine Science Faculty Publications

Enterococci concentration variability at Escambron Beach, San Juan, Puerto Rico, was examined in the context of environmental conditions observed during 2005–2015. Satellite-derived sea surface temperature (SST), turbidity, direct normal irradiance, and dew point were combined with local precipitation, winds, and mean sea level (MSL) observations in a stepwise multiple regression analyses (Akaike Information Criteria model selection). Precipitation, MSL, irradiance, SST, and turbidity explained 20% of the variation in observed enterococci concentrations based upon these analyses. Changes in these parameters preceded increases in enterococci concentrations by 24 h up to 11 days, particularly during positive anomalies of turbidity, SST, and 480–960 …

Obesity And Dental Caries In Children In Plymouth, Martha Paisi

Other Faculty of Health Theses

Background: Obesity and dental caries are two of the most common conditions affecting children and both have significant implications on children’s wellbeing and future health. Even though research into the relationship between the two conditions has been conducted for many years, results to date remain equivocal. Furthermore, the majority of the studies only examined individual-level determinants of the two conditions. Aim: The current work aimed to examine the nature, direction and effect size of the relationship between obesity and caries in children in Plymouth, United Kingdom. It also aimed to better understand the individual and the broader environmental determinants of …

Integrating Community Assembly And Biodiversity To Better Understand Ecosystem Function: The Community Assembly And The Functioning Of Ecosystems (Cafe) Approach, Katherine H. Bannar‐Martin, Colin T. Kremer, S.K. Morgan Ernest, Mathew A. Leibold, Harald Auge, Jonathan Chase, Steven A.J. Declerck, Nico Eisenhauer, Stanley Harpole, Helmut Hillebrand, Forest Isbell, Thomas Koffel, Stefano Larsen, Anita Narwani, Jana S. Petermann, Christiane Roscher, Juliano Sarmento Cabral, Sarah R. Supp

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Skills And Knowledge For Data-Intensive Environmental Research, Stephanie E. Hampton, Matthew B. Jones, Leah A. Wasser, Mark P. Schildhauer, Sarah R. Supp

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Diversity Of Mosses In Phu Kradueng National Park, Loei Province, Patsakorn Ajintaiyasil

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

The study of mosses diversity in Phu Kradueng National Park, Loei Province was explored from December 2014 to December 2016. The samples were collected along the 6 natural trails. A total of 501 samples were identified into 30 families, 55 genera, 100 species, 5 subspecies, and 9 varieties. Three families of mosses namely Sphagnaceae, Fissidentaceae, and Leucobryaceae were common families which included 11, 9 and 7 taxa, respectively. Additionally, the most common microhabitat was saxicolous with 45 species. The second and third common microhabitats were terrestrial and corticolous with 43 and 37 species, respectively. Additionally, there are 4 species which …

Halophilic Bacteria From Salty Fermented Foods And Its Bacteriocin Encoding Gene Expression To Use As Biocontrol Agent Against Staphylococcus Aureus In Salt Added Foods, Vishal Chhetri

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

This research was aimed to isolate, select and apply bacteriocin producing halophilic bacteria from salty fermented foods, Plara (Thai traditional salty fermented fish) and soya sauce as bio-control agent in foods. The isolates having inhibitory activity against different strains of Staphylococcus aureus were selected, identified and characterized prior to application as protective starter in food models. Bacterial communities of Plara and soya sauce samples were studied by two methods, a cultural dependent and cultural independent method (Reverse Transcriptase PCR DGGE (Rev-T PCR-DGGE)), and subsequently sequenced by 16s rDNA analysis. Halanaerobium spp. in Plara and Staphylococcus gallinarum in soya sauce were …

การประเมินปริมาณคาร์บอนของป่าชุมชน ด้วยเทคนิคอากาศยานไร้คนขับ: กรณีศึกษาป่าชุมชนบ้านบุตาต้อง ตำบลนากลาง อำเภอสูงเนิน จังหวัดนครราชสีมา, ธนวิทย์ ถมกระจ่าง

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

การวิจัยครั้งนี้ผู้วิจัยมีแนวคิดที่ประยุกต์ใช้อากาศยานไร้คนขับ (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle : UAV) เพื่อประเมินปริมาณคาร์บอนกักเก็บของป่าชุมชนบ้านบุตาต้อง ตำบลนากลาง อำเภอสูงเนิน จังหวัดนครราชสีมา โดยการใช้ข้อมูลกลุ่มจุดสามมิติ (Point Could) ที่ได้จากการประมวลผลของภาพถ่ายทางอากาศที่ได้จากอากาศยานไร้คนขับ เพื่อนำมาสร้างแบบจำลองความสูงสิ่งปกคลุมพื้นผิวเชิงเลข (Digital Surface Model : DSM) และแบบจำลองความสูงภูมิประเทศเชิงเลข (Digital Elevation Model :DEM) จากนั้นทำการหาความสูงของต้นไม้โดยการหาค่าต่างระหว่างของแบบจำลองดังกล่าว นอกจากนั้นผู้วิจัยได้ทำการกำหนดแปลงตัวอย่างถาวรขนาด 40 × 40 เมตร จำนวน 10 แปลง เพื่อสำรวจเก็บข้อมูลขนาดเส้นผ่านศูนย์กลางเพียงอกและความสูงต้นไม้ เพื่อใช้ในการประเมินความถูกต้องของข้อมูลที่ได้จากอากาศยานไร้คนขับ ในการหามวลชีวภาพเหนือพื้นดินผู้วิจัยใช้สมการแอลโมเมตรี (allometric equations) ประเภทป่าเต็งรัง ผลการวิจัยพบว่าความสูงที่ได้จากข้อมูลอากาศยานไร้คนขับมีความสัมพันธ์กับภาคสนามโดยมีค่า R2 อยู่ที่ 0.715-0.898 และมีความคลาดเคลื่อนของความสูงต้นไม้อยู่ที่ 0.50-0.66 เมตร ปริมาณคาร์บอนทั้งพื้นที่ศึกษามี 1.54 ตัน/ไร่ ซึ่งเมื่อเปรียบเทียบกับปริมาณคาร์บอนกักเก็บในแปลงตัวอย่างพบว่ามีความคลาดเคลื่อนอยู่ที่ร้อยละ 13-59 ซึ่งความคลาดเคลื่อนดังกล่าวมาจากความคลาดเคลื่อนในการประมาณขนาดเส้นผ่านศูนย์กลางเพียงอกจากข้อมูลความสูงต้นไม้ที่ได้จากอากาศยานไร้คนขับเนื่องจากความสัมพันธ์ดังกล่าวไม่มีความชัดเจน จากนั้นผู้วิจัยได้ทำการหาขนาดพื้นที่ที่เหมาะสมในการหาปริมาณคาร์บอนกักเก็บพบว่าขนาดพื้นที่มากกว่า 25×25 เมตรมีความเหมาะสมสำหรับกรหาปริมาณคาร์บอนกักเก็บในพื้นที่ศึกษา

การเปลี่ยนแปลงของภูมิทัศน์และความเป็นเมืองในพื้นที่ดินดอนสามเหลี่ยมปากแม่น้ำเจ้าพระยา: พื้นที่กรุงเทพมหานครและปริมณฑล, ตวงพร ปิตินานนท์

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

งานวิจัยนี้มีวัตถุประสงค์เพื่อศึกษาการเปลี่ยนแปลงของภูมิทัศน์และความเป็นเมืองในพื้นที่ดินดอนสามเหลี่ยมปากแม่น้ำเจ้าพระยา เขตกรุงเทพมหานครและปริมณฑล ซึ่งเป็นพื้นที่ราบลุ่มต่ำที่อยู่ภายใต้อิทธิพลของน้ำขึ้นน้ำลงและลมมรสุม ระหว่างสมัยรัชกาลที่ 5 ถึงปัจจุบัน การศึกษาแบ่งเป็น 2 ระดับ ได้แก่ 1) ระดับเมือง บริเวณกรุงเทพมหานครและปริมณฑล 2) ระดับพื้นที่เฉพาะ บริเวณรังสิต บางลำพู และคลองอ้อมนนท์ ศึกษาโดยการเปรียบเทียบแผนที่สมัยรัชกาลที่ 5 และปัจจุบัน ซึ่งเป็นเครื่องมือสำคัญในการศึกษาภูมิทัศน์เชิงประวัติศาสตร์จากพื้นที่ลุ่มน้ำท่วมถึงสู่การตั้งถิ่นฐานของสังคมลุ่มแม่น้ำ สังคมชาวสวน และพัฒนาสู่ชุมชนเมือง การสำรวจภาคสนาม การวิเคราะห์การเปลี่ยนแปลงด้วยการแยกชั้นข้อมูลองค์ประกอบทางภูมิทัศน์ที่สำคัญ และเสนอแนะแนวทางการพัฒนาเมืองที่สอดคล้องกับเงื่อนไขและข้อจำกัดของภูมิทัศน์ในพื้นที่ดินดอนสามเหลี่ยมปากแม่น้ำ ผลการศึกษาพบว่าการตั้งถิ่นฐานของมนุษย์ในช่วงรัชกาลที่ 5 อยู่ภายใต้เงื่อนไขและข้อจำกัดทางภูมิทัศน์ ด้วยการออกแบบลักษณะบ้านเรือนแบบยกเสาสูงและการจัดการพื้นที่เกษตรที่สอดคล้องกับพลวัตทางธรรมชาติ เช่น ทุ่งนา ขนัดสวน และเครือข่ายคลอง ต่อมา การพัฒนาเมืองสมัยใหม่มีทิศทางการเปลี่ยนแปลงจากสังคมเกษตรกรรมสู่สังคมอุตสาหกรรมส่งผลให้เกิดการเปลี่ยนแปลงการใช้ประโยชน์ที่ดิน การขยายตัวของพื้นที่อยู่อาศัยและอุตสาหกรรมในเขตชานเมืองด้วยการถมที่ทับทุ่งและทางน้ำเพื่อปลูกสิ่งก่อสร้างทำให้เกิดการเปลี่ยนแปลงสัณฐานของภูมิทัศน์ที่ส่งผลต่อระดับชั้นความสูงและความพรุนของเมือง ซึ่งลดทอนความสามารถของภูมิทัศน์เดิม ส่งผลให้เกิดปัญหาด้านนิเวศเมือง

Using A Mixed-Methods Approach To Understand Urban Children's Nature Conceptions, Ecological Worldviews And Environmental Perceptions And Preferences Before And After Attending An Environmental Education Program, Alejandra Maria Bozzolasco

Theses, Dissertations and Culminating Projects

The main objective of this dissertation is to utilize multiple instruments to measure urban children’s nature conceptions, ecological worldviews, and environmental perceptions and preferences, and to determine whether they are impacted by an environmental education (EE) intervention. This information is critical today in light of growing urbanization that is considered a contributor to nature deficit disorder (NDD) in which children, particularly urban children, are growing up distanced from the natural world, thereby impacting children’s development, public health, and the environment. Urban children from northern New Jersey who attended the New Jersey School of Conservation’s (NJSOC) EE program participated in this …

Experiences Of Overseas Trained Teachers Seeking Public School Positions In Western Australia And South Australia, S Datta-Roy, S Lavery

Education Papers and Journal Articles

Many overseas trained teachers migrate to Australia in search of different lifestyles. In their endeavour to find suitable teaching positions in public secondary schools, overseas trained teachers often confront multiple challenges. This study explored the different issues that 12 overseas trained teachers experienced before obtaining a teaching position in a public secondary school in either Western Australia or South Australia. Data were collected through using twelve in-depth semi-structured interviews and researcher generated field notes. The results indicate that participants experienced the following challenges: apparent lack of information on post immigration life in Australia; danger of misinformation; registration delays; inconsistency in …

The Bee Fauna Of The Horse Mountain And Grouse Mountain Region, Humboldt County, California, Carrie Lopez

Cal Poly Humboldt theses and projects

Recent concerns about the ecological well-being of bee communities in California and elsewhere have increased the need for monitoring programs and studies that evaluate the impact of habitat loss and alteration on bee diversity and abundance. Such studies depend critically on the expertise of people trained in taxonomy, but their numbers have declined in recent years. My primary goal was to gain a comprehensive first-hand experience with bee identification by documenting the fauna of a previously unstudied area in the mountains of northwestern California and by writing an identification key, intended for dedicated non-specialists, to the area’s 35 species of …

Spatial And Temporal Variations Of Soft Bottom Polychaetes Of Sinop Peninsula(Southern Black Sea) With New Records, Güley Kurt Şahi̇n, Ertan Dağli, Murat Sezgi̇n

Turkish Journal of Zoology

The soft bottom polychaete community was examined seasonally at eight stations between August 2009 and July 2010. A total of 76 species belonging to 27 families were identified in the Sinop Peninsula (southern Black Sea), of which 23 species are new records for the Black Sea fauna and 7 species for the Black Sea coast of Turkey. Syllidae was the best represented family in the research area and contributed 15.78% of the total fauna. The most dominant and frequent species were Micronephthys stammeri and Protodorvillea kefersteini in the study area. Community parameters varied significantly among stations and seasons; number of …

A Catalogue Of The Eudrilidae And Megascolecidae (Clitellata: Lumbricina)From South America, With Two New Records Of Exotic Species From Brazil, José Eriberto De Assis, José Roberto Botelho Souza, Maria Laís Martins Vieira, João Vitor Nunes De Souza, Gilberto Golçalves Rodrigues, Martin Lindsey Christoffersen

Turkish Journal of Zoology

A catalogue of the terrestrial Eudrilidae and Megascolecidae is provided, with 10 genera and 18 species reported to date from South America. In addition, we provide the valid names, their synonyms, and the original citation. Eudrilidae and Megascolecidae contain members that have a global distribution, probably as a result of human dispersion. The species of eudrilid Eudrilus eugeniae is very common in other regions with a tropical climate, while the megascolecid species Amynthas gracilis is by far the most common earthworm in large cities such as São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro in Brazil. Two samples taken in Brazil revealed …

Does Capture Method Or The Presence Of Aquatic Protected Areas Influence The Selective Harvest Of Behavioural Types In Largemouth Bass?, Ell Cooke, Alexander D.M. Wilson, Chris K. Elvidge, Sj Cooke

School of Biological and Marine Sciences

Selectively removing fish based on particular traits, such as body size, may shift trait abundance in the remaining population, resulting in a phenomenon called fisheries-induced evolution. Recently, there is growing interest in evaluating the effects of fisheries-induced evolution on fish behaviour. Aquatic protected areas (APAs) have been designated in some habitats in efforts to prohibit harvesting and maintain natural ranges of phenotypic variation for impacted species. Here, we attempted to test whether APAs that prohibit all forms of fishing have an evolutionary influence on adult largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) behaviour by investigating the relationship between capture method and behavioural type. …

Fishway Passage Success For Migratory Rainbow Smelt Osmerus Mordax Is Not Dictated By Behavioural Type, S. J. Landsman, A. D.M. Wilson, S. J. Cooke, Den Heuvel Mr Van

School of Biological and Marine Sciences

No abstract provided.

The Utility Of Fine-Scale Remote Sensing Data For Modeling Habitat Characteristics And Breeding Bird Species Distributions In An Appalachian Mature Deciduous Forest., James Sheehan

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

In this study, I tested the potential for remote sensing data with a high spatial resolution to model breeding forest bird species and their habitat at a fine spatial scale. The research took place on ridgetops in a large, relatively contiguous Appalachian mature deciduous forest in northwestern WV, USA. The remote sensing data sources were a leaf-on QuickBird satellite image (0.6-m panchromatic and 2.4-m multispectral) and a 3-m digital elevation model (DEM). For the first part of the study, I extracted spectral and textural measures from the satellite image and terrain information from the DEM. I then used these data …

Using A Species Distribution Model And Site-Specific Microclimatic Variables To Model Presence Of Spodic Soil Properties And Relative Occurrence Rate Of Picea Rubens (Red Spruce) To Inform Red Spruce Management, Adrienne Nottingham

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Red spruce restoration efforts in the central Appalachians are of interest to land managers because of the reduced current extent and the numerous ecosystem services provided by red spruce forests. These land managers require information regarding the best places to focus restoration efforts. Studies attempting to locate optimal locations for red spruce restoration have been conducted to in the central Appalachians, most of which utilize modeling. In particular, podzolization, a soil formation pathway present under conifer vegetation in the central Appalachians has been used to help select areas for red spruce restoration. The effectiveness of using recent podzolization (as evidenced …

Space Use And Habitat Associations Of Long-Distance Migratory First-Year Golden Eagles (Aquila Chrysaetos) From Interior Alaska In A Changing Landscape, Mark D. Paulson

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Understanding a species space use and habitat associations is integral to comprehensive wildlife management. Habitat associations change spatially and temporally and those changes may be especially dramatic for animals that cover long distances throughout their annual cycle. While many studies of habitat associations and space use concentrate on breeding season behavior, studies of migratory connectivity demonstrate how condition of habitats on non-breeding ranges potentially affect key demographic parameters, such as survival, reproduction, and movement in other seasons. This is also important because wildlife habitats, especially land cover, are changing rapidly from both anthropogenic and natural forces in direct and indirect …

Examining The Culturally Responsive Teaching Self-Efficacy Of Teacher Candidates In Hawaii, Kathleen Evans

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

As achievement gaps for indigenous, low SES, and ethnically diverse students widen, teacher education programs in Hawaii continue to be charged with preparing teachers to meet the needs of an increasingly diverse student population. Despite efforts to expand accreditation diversity requirements for teacher education programs, it is unknown whether these programs provide the preparation needed for teachers to develop culturally responsive teaching self-efficacy. Guided by self-efficacy theory, this mixed methods study examined teacher candidates' culturally responsive teaching self-efficacy (CRTSE) beliefs, their relationships with demographic and other variables, and candidates' perceptions of factors that might affect these beliefs. Teacher candidates (N …

Beyond Zar: The Use And Abuse Of Classification Statistics For Otolith Chemistry, C. M. Jones, M. Palmers, J. J. Schaffler

OES Faculty Publications

Classification method performance was evaluated using otolith chemistry of juvenile Atlantic menhaden Brevoortia tyrannus when assumptions of data normality were met and were violated. Four methods were tested [linear discriminant function analysis (LDFA), quadratic discriminant function analysis (QDFA), random forest (RF) and artificial neural networks (ANN)] using computer simulation to determine their performance when variable-group means ranged from small to large and their performance under conditions of typical skewness to double the amount of skewness typically observed. Using the kappa index, the parametric methods performed best after applying appropriate data transformation, gaining 2% better performance with LDFA performing slightly better …

Cancer Incidence In Ireland—The Possible Role Of Diet, Nutrition And Lifestyle, Daniel Mccartney, Declan Byrne, Marie Cantwell, Michael Turner

Articles

Aim This observational ecological study aims to compare Ireland’s age-specific cancer incidence rates (ASRs) with equivalent European and global data and to highlight possible dietary, nutritional and lifestyle contributors to cancer in Ireland.

Subjects and methods Using the International Agency for Research on Cancer’s (IARC) GLOBOCAN database, Irish ASRs for all-site cancer and for "lifestyle-related" cancers such as those of the colo-rectum, oesophagus, breast, lung and prostate were compared with European and global incidence data. Irish dietary and nutrient intake data were reviewed and evaluated in the context of these cancer incidence data and in relation to the established dietary, …

Review: Epidemiological Evidence Of Groundwater Contribution To Global Enteric Disease, 1948–2015, Heather Murphy, Morgan Prioleau, Mark Borchardt, Paul Hynds

Articles

Globally, approximately 2.2 billion people rely on groundwater for daily consumption. It is widely accepted that groundwater is more pristine than surface water but while this assumption is frequently the case, groundwater is not ubiquitously free of contaminants; accordingly, this presumption can result in an unfounded and potentially hazardous sense of security among owners, operators and users. The current paper presents a review of published literature providing epidemiological evidence of the contribution of groundwater to global human enteric infection. An emphasis is placed on enteric pathogens transmitted via the faecal-oral route, and specifically those associated with acute gastrointestinal illness (AGI). …