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2017

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Culturally Responsive Teaching And Student Self-Efficacy In Alaskan Middle Schools, Scott Christian Dec 2017

Culturally Responsive Teaching And Student Self-Efficacy In Alaskan Middle Schools, Scott Christian

Counseling

Culturally responsive teaching may provide practices and dispositions which support closing the achievement gap between minority and Caucasian student populations. For this research, culturally responsive teaching can be considered as teaching practices that address students' specific cultural characteristics. These characteristics include common practices such as language, values and traditions but also include concepts such as communication, learning styles, and relationship norms. The research also presents a definition of culturally responsive teaching that extends beyond curriculum and instruction to focus on student teacher relationships, empathy, and the teacher as learner. This research explores the beliefs and practices around Culturally Responsive Teaching …

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One Health Toxicology: Expanding Perspectives And Methods To Assess Environmental Contaminants, John Robinson Harley Dec 2017

One Health Toxicology: Expanding Perspectives And Methods To Assess Environmental Contaminants, John Robinson Harley

Chemistry and Biochemistry

The discipline of One Health is founded on the principal that environmental health, animal health, and human health are interconnected. Although the field has been largely focused on zoonotic diseases, examining concepts such as toxicology under a One Health lens can offer a more holistic and preventative approach to research and implementation and, in particular, how fish-based diets may be involved with One Health outcomes. Here we present three general case studies that demonstrate new approaches to investigating One Health toxicology. In Chapter One we show how Arctic canids can be used as environmental sentinels for human health. We discuss …

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Modulation Of Ischemia- Reperfusion Injury In Mammalian Hibernators And Non-Hibernators: A Comparative Study, Saurav Bhowmick Dec 2017

Modulation Of Ischemia- Reperfusion Injury In Mammalian Hibernators And Non-Hibernators: A Comparative Study, Saurav Bhowmick

Chemistry and Biochemistry

Events characterized by ischemia/reperfusion (I/R), such as stroke and cardiac arrest, are among the most frequent causes of debilitating neurological injury and death worldwide. During ischemia, the brain experiences oxygen and nutrition deprivation due to lack of blood flow, and tissue damage ensues. Arctic ground squirrel (AGS; Urocitellus parryii), a hibernating species has the innate ability to survive profound decreases in blood flow (ischemia) during torpor and return of blood flow (reperfusion) during intermittent euthermic periods without any neurological deficit. However, the mechanisms by which AGS tolerate the extreme fluctuations in blood flow remain unclear. The main focus of this …

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Silkat Arts And Place-Based Core Teaching Practice: Workshop Approach And Cultural Arts Units Development, Megan Ellis Dec 2017

Silkat Arts And Place-Based Core Teaching Practice: Workshop Approach And Cultural Arts Units Development, Megan Ellis

Education

The work presented in this project is representative of the goals of the SILKAT (Sustaining Indigenous and Local Knowledge, Arts and Teaching) project, which is a collaborative effort between the University of Alaska Fairbanks and the Bering Strait School District, to create culturally responsive professional development for teachers, and cultural arts units for students. This work is the presentation of one professional development module for the core practice of having the ability to facilitate a workshop approach in the classroom where different students, or groups of students are doing different things at the same time. It is also a presentation …

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Integrating Herbivore Population Dynamics Into A Global Land Biosphere Model: Plugging Animals Into The Earth System, Shree R. S. Dangal, Hanqin Tian, Chaoqun Lu, Wei Ren, Shufen Pan, Jia Yang, Nicola Di Cosmo, Amy Hessl Dec 2017

Integrating Herbivore Population Dynamics Into A Global Land Biosphere Model: Plugging Animals Into The Earth System, Shree R. S. Dangal, Hanqin Tian, Chaoqun Lu, Wei Ren, Shufen Pan, Jia Yang, Nicola Di Cosmo, Amy Hessl

Plant and Soil Sciences Faculty Publications

Mammalian herbivores are an essential component of grassland and savanna ecosystems, and with feedbacks to the climate system. To date, the response and feedbacks of mammalian herbivores to changes in both abiotic and biotic factors are poorly quantified and not adequately represented in the current global land surface modeling framework. In this study, we coupled herbivore population dynamics in a global land model (the Dynamic Land Ecosystem Model, DLEM 3.0) to simulate populations of horses, cattle, sheep, and goats, and their responses to changes in multiple environmental factors at the site level across different continents during 1980–2010. Simulated results show …

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Respons Jagung (Zea Mays L.) Akibat Jarak Tanam Pada Sistem Tanam Legowo (2:1) Dan Berbagai Dosis Pupuk Nitrogen Pada Tanah Inceptisol Jatinangor, Agus Wahyudin, Yuyun Yuwariah, Fiky Yulianto Wicaksono, Reza Aed Galib Bajri Dec 2017

Respons Jagung (Zea Mays L.) Akibat Jarak Tanam Pada Sistem Tanam Legowo (2:1) Dan Berbagai Dosis Pupuk Nitrogen Pada Tanah Inceptisol Jatinangor, Agus Wahyudin, Yuyun Yuwariah, Fiky Yulianto Wicaksono, Reza Aed Galib Bajri

Jurnal Kultivasi

Di Indonesia jagung menjadi sumber karbohidrat kedua setelah padi. Selain sebagai sumber kebutuhan pangan jagung juga dapat digunakan sebagai sumber pakan ternak dan bahan baku industri.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengamatiinteraksi sistem tanam legowo (2:1) dengan pupuk N yang menghasilkan pertum-buhan dan hasil terbaik pada tanaman jagung (Zea mays L.) Hibrida Pertiwi 3, di Jatinangor mulai bulan November 2016 sampai Maret 2017. Percobaan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok Pola Faktorial. Perlakuan terdiri dari dua faktor, masing-masing faktor terdiri dari tiga taraf dan diulang tiga kali. Faktor pertama adalah sistem tanam legowo (2:1) dengan menggunakan jarak tanam yang terdiri dari tiga taraf yaitu …

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Pedagogy For Reading In Rural Alaska: The Effect Of Culturally Relevant Reading Materials On Student Reading Achievement In Chevak, Alaska, Beth J. Geiges Dec 2017

Pedagogy For Reading In Rural Alaska: The Effect Of Culturally Relevant Reading Materials On Student Reading Achievement In Chevak, Alaska, Beth J. Geiges

Indigenous Studies

This study used Culturally Relevant Reading materials (CRRM) with a proprietary, culturally relevant pedagogy for Reading. It was focused on results in Reading Achievement, both reading fluency and comprehension, involving 7th and 8th grade students in a twelve (12)-week program of Reading Language Arts. It was an exploratory sequential mixed methods study using a quasi-experimental design, with two student groups, A and B, experimental and control respectively. The results are situated within cultural expert views of Native perspectives on reading from the community as well as student surveys on motivation. Results from the study indicate that student achievement in Reading …

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Helping Veterans Through Outreach, Rodney B. Ebersole Dec 2017

Helping Veterans Through Outreach, Rodney B. Ebersole

Justice

The present Master's project seeks to develop a better understanding of Veterans and what they are going through. Research methods include extensive data on the high suicide rates of Veterans. Veteran and service members are in need of a service to them that will address the issue of suicide and what can be done to help and eliminate this problem. The programs that need to be designed to help needs should be in locations that have Veteran populations so as to serve them with their needs. Ultimately, Veterans Affairs (VA) officials have boosted their mental health personnel and suicide hotline …

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Baseline Data Of Bird Populations In The Sierra Gorda Biosphere Reserve, Mexico: A Citizen Science Approach, Teresa S. Anderson Dec 2017

Baseline Data Of Bird Populations In The Sierra Gorda Biosphere Reserve, Mexico: A Citizen Science Approach, Teresa S. Anderson

Natural Resources

This project tested the viability of converting a local environmental education group, "Eco Chavos" into a team of citizen scientists. In rural biosphere reserves in Mexico, with few resources and large resident populations, community-based biological inventory and monitoring has the potential to increase the impact of Mexican biosphere reserves by generating scientific information and engaging local residents in hands-on environmental education. To test this, I formed a citizen science birding group and trained them in bird identification, survey techniques, data collection, and data management. The project began in January 2016 and in December 2016 I stopped mentoring the program and …

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Perceptions Of Success: A Case Study Of Planning For Climate Change In Shaktoolik, Alaska, Stefan G. Tangen Dec 2017

Perceptions Of Success: A Case Study Of Planning For Climate Change In Shaktoolik, Alaska, Stefan G. Tangen

Natural Resources

Climate change planning is increasingly used in places like northwest Alaska where people are dealing with the effects of global climate change in dramatic and life altering ways. Planning for climate change often involves multiple actors from all levels of government working together with various goals, motivations, and perceptions of success. This research provides a perspective on what compelled the community of Shaktoolik to formally plan for climate change, documenting who they worked with throughout the process, the dynamics involved, and the outcomes created. I used a case study approach and qualitative methods in the form of participant observation, semi-structured …

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Evaluation Of Growth And Migration Trends On The Survival And Recruitment Of Chinook Salmon In Southeastern Alaska Rivers, Stephanie Berkman Dec 2017

Evaluation Of Growth And Migration Trends On The Survival And Recruitment Of Chinook Salmon In Southeastern Alaska Rivers, Stephanie Berkman

Fisheries

Highly variable recruitment and declines in productivity and abundance of Chinook Salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha have created economic and cultural hardships for communities throughout Alaska. Although pre- and post-smolt growth are important for determining brood-year (BY) survival and productivity for Pacific salmon through size-mediated mortality, these relationships remain unclear for Chinook Salmon. As a result, it is necessary to better understand the relationships between environmental and biological factors that influence freshwater and marine growth, smolt outmigrations, and recruitment success. This study used retrospective growth to identify the importance of annual growth in determining BY survival and recruitment, determine if growth dependency …

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Interdisciplinary Assessment Of The Skate Fishery In The Gulf Of Alaska, Thomas J. Farrugia Dec 2017

Interdisciplinary Assessment Of The Skate Fishery In The Gulf Of Alaska, Thomas J. Farrugia

Fisheries

Skates are common bottom-dwelling fishes and valuable non-target species in Gulf of Alaska fisheries. Although there is little demand for skates in the United States, markets in Europe and Asia are fueling desires for additional fishing opportunities on skates in Alaska. Management agencies, however, have been hesitant to allow increased harvests due to the lack of information on the ecology and population dynamics of skates, and the bioeconomics of skate fisheries. Specifically focusing on the two most commonly landedskate species in the Gulf of Alaska (GOA), the big skate (Beringraja binoculata) and the longnose skate (Raja rhina), I conducted an …

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Diets Of Four Eelpout Species (Genus Lycodes) In The U.S. Beaufort Sea Based On Analyses Of Stomach Contents And Stable Isotopes Of Nitrogen And Carbon, Sarah J. Apsens Dec 2017

Diets Of Four Eelpout Species (Genus Lycodes) In The U.S. Beaufort Sea Based On Analyses Of Stomach Contents And Stable Isotopes Of Nitrogen And Carbon, Sarah J. Apsens

Fisheries

Eelpouts of the genus Lycodes are an abundant group of demersal fishes in the U.S. Beaufort Sea. Currently eelpout diet and the exact role of eelpouts in the Arctic food web are poorly understood. Additionally, if and how eelpouts avoid intra- and interspecific competition for resources is unknown. In this study, diets of four common Beaufort Sea eelpout species were analyzed with respect to along-shelf (longitude) gradients, across-shelf (depth) gradients, and ontogeny (fish body length) to determine diet composition and patterns of resource partitioning. Diets of the four most numerous eelpout species were analyzed using a combination of stomach contents …

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Straying, Stress, And Potential For Reproductive Interactions Between Hatchery-Produced And Wild Chum Salmon (Oncorhynchus Keta) In Southeast Alaska, Casey John Mcconnell Dec 2017

Straying, Stress, And Potential For Reproductive Interactions Between Hatchery-Produced And Wild Chum Salmon (Oncorhynchus Keta) In Southeast Alaska, Casey John Mcconnell

Fisheries

Approximately 1.5 billion juvenile hatchery-produced Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.) are currently released each year into Alaskan waters with goals of enhancing important fisheries and minimizing detrimental impacts on wild stocks. As the abundance of hatchery-produced salmon has increased, so have concerns about hatchery-origin strays entering wild systems and interactions with wild individuals on the spawning grounds. The influx of non-native strays and their associated fitness-related traits can reduce the resilience and productivity of recipient wild stocks, and is likely to be most deleterious when disparities in population sizes and heritable phenotypic characteristics between wild and hatchery fish exist. Thus, understanding …

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Pacific Sleeper Sharks In The Northeast Pacific Ocean: Relative Abundance, Plausible Incidental Exploitation Rates, Trophic Ecology, And Habitat Use, Dean Louis Courtney Dec 2017

Pacific Sleeper Sharks In The Northeast Pacific Ocean: Relative Abundance, Plausible Incidental Exploitation Rates, Trophic Ecology, And Habitat Use, Dean Louis Courtney

Fisheries

Pacific sleeper shark relative abundance indices in the eastern Bering Sea and Gulf of Alaska were developed from sablefish longline surveys and the sustainability of a plausible range in Pacific sleeper shark incidental exploitation rates in the Gulf of Alaska was evaluated with a risk analysis using Monte Carlo simulation for use in fisheries management. A significant increase in Pacific sleeper shark relative abundance was identified in the Gulf of Alaska during the years 1989-2003. The aggregate risk of ending in an overfished condition in the Gulf of Alaska increased from 0% under a low exploitation rate scenario to 59% …

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Estimating Sizes Of Fish Consumed By Ice Seals Using Otolith Length-Fish Length Relationships, Kelly Walker Dec 2017

Estimating Sizes Of Fish Consumed By Ice Seals Using Otolith Length-Fish Length Relationships, Kelly Walker

Fisheries

Arctic fishes and ice seals are key components of the Alaskan Arctic ecosystem. Bearded (Erignathus barbatus), spotted (Phoca largha) and ringed (Pusa hispida) seals are consumers of Arctic marine fishes. Little is known about the sizes of fish that ice seals consume because prey items are digested quickly once exposed to stomach acids. Otoliths, fish ear bones, are often the only parts of a fish that remain in a seal stomach. Otolith length relates directly to fish length, making size estimations of consumed fish possible for piscivore diet studies. Otoliths were measured from fishes collected from cruises in the Beaufort …

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Migration Patterns And Energetics Of Adult Chinook Salmon Oncorhynchus Tshawystcha In Alaska Rivers, Kristin R. Neuneker Dec 2017

Migration Patterns And Energetics Of Adult Chinook Salmon Oncorhynchus Tshawystcha In Alaska Rivers, Kristin R. Neuneker

Fisheries

Adult Chinook Salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha undertake extensive and energetically costly migrations between food resources in the ocean and their freshwater spawning habitats, requiring them to adapt behavioral and physiological traits that allow them to successfully reach their spawning streams and reproduce. Such adaptations may be shaped by physical factors in the environment and individual- and population-specific biological characteristics. Chinook Salmon in North America are important resources for both United States and Canadian stakeholders, but relatively little is known about their freshwater migration patterns and energetic status in many rivers across their range. This research explored variation in migration timing and …

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Fifty Years Of Cook Inlet Beluga Whale Ecology Recorded As Isotopes In Bone And Teeth, Mark A. Nelson Dec 2017

Fifty Years Of Cook Inlet Beluga Whale Ecology Recorded As Isotopes In Bone And Teeth, Mark A. Nelson

Marine Biology

Beluga whales (Delphinapterus leucas) are found across the Arctic and Subarctic in seasonally ice covered waters. Five stocks of beluga whales are associated with the waters near Alaska for at least part of the year and four of those five stocks are abundant and commonly hunted by Alaskan Natives. The belugas resident in Cook Inlet are also an important cultural and subsistence resource to Alaskan Natives in the area, but a ~50% decline in abundance in the 1990's led to the stock being designated as depleted under the Marine Mammal Protection Act in 2000 and listed as endangered under the …

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Sensitivity To Hydrocarbons And Cytochrome P4501a Enzyme Activity In Arctic Marine Birds And Waterfowl, Ann E. Riddle-Berntsen Dec 2017

Sensitivity To Hydrocarbons And Cytochrome P4501a Enzyme Activity In Arctic Marine Birds And Waterfowl, Ann E. Riddle-Berntsen

Marine Biology

The Arctic is host to a taxonomically diverse group of birds, including species of conservation and subsistence importance that spend many months of their annual cycle in the region. With prospects for oil and gas resource development and increases in vessel traffic in the Beaufort and Chukchi Seas, arctic birds could be valuable bioindicators to monitor contaminants and specifically hydrocarbons from crude oil. Using liver cytochrome P4501A (CYP1A) activity, I measured levels of hydrocarbon exposure in three bird species of subsistence importance: king eiders (Somateria spectabilis), common eiders (Somateria mollissima), and greater white-fronted geese (Anser albifrons). Over the course of …

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Afterparty, Patrick M. Werle Dec 2017

Afterparty, Patrick M. Werle

Creative Writing Programs

Afterparty is built on the question, “Can one overcome the past?”...I think. While the work flows on a loose timeline, I do not intend the manuscript to be a story. As the poems drift in and out of time periods; childhood, adolescence, fatherhood, I hope that this is also a collection that can be opened in the middle or paged through and still be successful. Of course, as the artist, I would love for people to take the journey beginning to end. And I also believe that poetry collections should be able to have a reader jump in at any …

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Preparation And In Vitro Characterization Of An Integrated Graft System For Regenerative Engineering, Mohammed Barajaa Dec 2017

Preparation And In Vitro Characterization Of An Integrated Graft System For Regenerative Engineering, Mohammed Barajaa

Master's Theses

No abstract provided.

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Human Dimensions Of Timber Rattlesnake (Crotalus Horridus) Management In Connecticut, Lindsay Keener-Eck Dec 2017

Human Dimensions Of Timber Rattlesnake (Crotalus Horridus) Management In Connecticut, Lindsay Keener-Eck

Master's Theses

No abstract provided.

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Buellia Dispersa (Lichens) Used As Bio-Indicator For Air Pollution Transport: A Case Study Within The Las Vegas Valley, Nevada (Usa), Douglas B. Sims, Amanda Hudson, Ji Hye Park, Vernon F. Hodge, Heidi Porter, W. Geffrey Spaulding Dec 2017

Buellia Dispersa (Lichens) Used As Bio-Indicator For Air Pollution Transport: A Case Study Within The Las Vegas Valley, Nevada (Usa), Douglas B. Sims, Amanda Hudson, Ji Hye Park, Vernon F. Hodge, Heidi Porter, W. Geffrey Spaulding

Chemistry and Biochemistry Faculty Research

Analyses of lichen biomass (Buellia dispersa), when compared to windrose diagrams, shows pathways of airborne pollutant transport across the Las Vegas Valley. The west and north sectors of the Las Vegas Valley contained the lowest target contaminates (e.g., Cr, Cu, Co, Pb, Ni) and the highest NO3− while the east....

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Decision Making Processes For Bim Software Selection In The U.S. A.E.C. Industry: Developing A Unified, Streamlined Framework., Richelle Fosu Dec 2017

Decision Making Processes For Bim Software Selection In The U.S. A.E.C. Industry: Developing A Unified, Streamlined Framework., Richelle Fosu

Purdue Polytechnic Doctoral Dissertations

The use of Building Information Modeling (BIM) techniques and tools continues to gain popularity in the Architecture, Engineering and Construction (AEC) industry as more companies in the various sectors are utilizing it in one form or another. In this research, the decision-making process of construction firms with respect to the selection of BIM software for use is investigated. Through one on one interviews and gathered survey responses, a framework mapping out the various paths the exist in the decision-making process are explored. This data is then used to form a framework for BIM software selection in the construction sector of …

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Long Term Evaporation Pan Data To Estimate Potential Evaporation During The Warm Season On The Alaskan North Slope: Imnavait Creek Basin, John Paul Mumm Dec 2017

Long Term Evaporation Pan Data To Estimate Potential Evaporation During The Warm Season On The Alaskan North Slope: Imnavait Creek Basin, John Paul Mumm

Engineering

Evapotranspiration plays a significant role in the hydrologic cycle of all basins, yet is only ccasionally measured in the Arctic. One simple index method to evaluate evapotranspiration is the evaporation pan. The energy environment surrounding the simple evaporation pan varies considerably from that of the natural environment. Yet, an evaporation pan is a sound way to determine and estimate the potential evapotranspiration, and actual evapotranspiration can be estimated from evaporation pan data by determining and employing a pan coefficient. An evaporation pan was initially installed in 1986 in the northern foothills of the Brooks Range on the North Slope of …

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Hydrological, Sedimentological, And Meteorological Observations And Analysis On The Sagavanirktok River, H. Toniolo, E.K. Youcha, K.D. Tape, R. Paturi, J. Homan, A. Bondurant, I. Ladines, J. Laurio, D. Vas, J. Keech, T. Tschetter, E. Lamesjerant Dec 2017

Hydrological, Sedimentological, And Meteorological Observations And Analysis On The Sagavanirktok River, H. Toniolo, E.K. Youcha, K.D. Tape, R. Paturi, J. Homan, A. Bondurant, I. Ladines, J. Laurio, D. Vas, J. Keech, T. Tschetter, E. Lamesjerant

WERC Project Reports

The Dalton Highway near Deadhorse was closed twice during late March and early April 2015 because of extensive overflow from the Sagavanirktok River that flowed over the highway. That spring, researchers from the Water and Environmental Research Center at the University of Alaska Fairbanks (UAF) monitored the river conditions during breakup, which was characterized by unprecedented flooding that overtopped and consequently destroyed several sections of the Dalton Highway near Deadhorse. The UAF research team has monitored breakup conditions at the Sagavanirktok River since that time. Given the magnitude of the 2015 flooding, the Alyeska Pipeline Service Company started a long-term …

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Phylogeography And Molecular Phylogenetics Of The Hoary Marmot (Marmota Caligata), Nicholas John Kerhoulas Dec 2017

Phylogeography And Molecular Phylogenetics Of The Hoary Marmot (Marmota Caligata), Nicholas John Kerhoulas

Biological Sciences

In this dissertation I documented the phylogeographic history of the Hoary Marmot (Marmota caligata) and its phylogenetic relationships with the Vancouver Island (M. vancouverensis) and Olympic (M. olympus) marmots. The Hoary Marmot is an iconic alpine mammal that is broadly distributed throughout the Pacific Northwest (PNW) from Washington and central Idaho in the south to Alaska in the north. Vancouver Island and Olympic marmots have much more restricted geographic distributions, occurring only on Vancouver Island (British Columbia, Canada) and the Olympic Peninsula (Washington, USA), respectively. In my first chapter I used mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequence data to document the existence …

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Testing Environmental Dna Sampling And Predictive Modeling As Means To Investigate Wood Frog (Rana Sylvatica) Distribution In Alaska And Northern Canada, Mark Anthony Spangler Dec 2017

Testing Environmental Dna Sampling And Predictive Modeling As Means To Investigate Wood Frog (Rana Sylvatica) Distribution In Alaska And Northern Canada, Mark Anthony Spangler

Biological Sciences

Global amphibian declines over the past 30+ years have led to a greater awareness of amphibian conservation issues. Few amphibian species occur in northern landscapes, however, and the species that do occur are widely dispersed and at the northern extent of their range. Accordingly, amphibian research is not prioritized in northern landscapes. Deficient monitoring practices have resulted in incomplete distribution knowledge that impedes the management of wood frogs (Rana sylvatica) in Alaska and northern Canada. I developed an environmental DNA detection assay to complement monitoring practices at the northern extent of the wood frog's range. This assay was tested to …

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Assessing Seasonal Trends In Harbor Seal (Phoca Vitulina) Diet Using Stable Isotope Analysis Along The Whisker, Justin Arthur Smith Dec 2017

Assessing Seasonal Trends In Harbor Seal (Phoca Vitulina) Diet Using Stable Isotope Analysis Along The Whisker, Justin Arthur Smith

Biological Sciences

Harbor seals (Phoca vitulina) that use tidewater glaciers in the summers to molt, pup, and breed have declined in recent years, which could be attributed to reduced prey availability caused by regime shifts in the coastal marine environment. Recording seasonal dietary trends of harbor seals in different years could improve our ability to test if regime shifts caused these declines. However, such analysis has not been possible, because wild harbor seals are difficult to recapture. Stable isotope analysis of serial sections of growing whiskers (mystacial vibrissae) can be used as a tool to assess diet over different seasons, but uncertainty …

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Optimizing Landbird Surveys For Detecting Population And Spatial Dynamics, Jeremy D. Mizel Dec 2017

Optimizing Landbird Surveys For Detecting Population And Spatial Dynamics, Jeremy D. Mizel

Biological Sciences

Landbird populations are undergoing concurrent changes in population size, spatial distribution, and phenology. The sensitivity of landbird monitoring programs to detect and distinguish these varied processes is of critical importance. Consequently, these efforts require inference methods that are efficient and fully leverage information about spatial, population, and phenological dynamics. The development of efficient inference methods can be addressed in part through a thorough understanding of how the data are actually generated, the application of sampling methods that attempt to maximize encounter probability, and the tailoring of sampling methods to maximize sensitivity to specific inference objectives. Chapter one of this dissertation …

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