Digital Commons Network^™

Fecal Carriage Of Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase-Producing Escherichia Coli And Klebsiella Spp. In A Turkish Community, Derya Çakir Erdoğan, Füsun Cömert, Eli̇f Aktaş Sepetci̇, Fürüzan Köktürk, Canan Külah

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Background/aim: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of fecal carriage of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing bacteria, enzyme types, and risk factors affecting colonization. Materials and methods: A total of 576 stool samples from outpatients were examined between October 2012 and May 2013. Screening was done with selective EMB plates. ESBL were detected by double-disk synergy and confirmed agar strip gradient methods. Enzyme types were determined by PCR. Results: The prevalence of fecal carriage was found as 30% (173 of 576). Recent use of antibiotics, hospitalization and surgical operation, diabetes, crowded household populations, and old age were associated …

Depression And Parkinson Disease: Prevalence, Temporal Relationship, And Determinants, Hale Yapici Eser, Hati̇ce Ayşe Bora, Asli Kuruoğlu

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Background/aim: Comorbidity of depression in Parkinson disease (PD) is a major factor that changes patients? quality of life. However, the neurobiological and sociodemographic risk factors for this comorbidity are not well studied. In this study, we aimed to define the prevalence, temporal relationship, and psychosocial and clinical determinants of depression comorbid with PD. Materials and methods: Fifty-five PD patients were evaluated with SCID, a data form that assessed sociodemographic and PD-related variables, UPDRS III, HAM-D, HAM-A, MMSE, and the Apathy Evaluation Scale. Results: Depression (lifetime: 45.5%, last month: 25.5%, before PD: 20%) was the most frequent psychiatric diagnosis. The major …

Relationship Between Selected Micronutrient Deficiencies And Oxidative Stress Biomarkers In Diabetes Mellitus Patients With Foot Ulcers In Ibadan, Nigeria, Elizabeth Bosede Bolajoko, Olubayo Michael Akinosun, John Anetor, Kensese Sontin Mossanda

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Background/aim: Micronutrients are indispensable in the prevention of diseases and maintenance of good health. Their deficiencies have been implicated in several diseases associated with oxidative stress (OS). This study aimed at investigating the levels of some vitamins and minerals in association with OS markers in diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) patients in Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria. Materials and methods: Seventy DFU patients and 50 apparently healthy volunteers (controls) were recruited for the study. Blood samples of 10 mL were collected after a 10-h overnight fast from each participant after obtaining their consent. Levels of oxidative stress biomarkers such as lipid peroxide …

Effect Of Inhaled Steroids On Clinical And Inflammatoryparameters In Children With Cystic Fibrosis, Zeynep Seda Uyan, Gökseni̇n Ünlügüzel Üstün, Goncagül Haklar, Erkan Çakir, Sedat Oktem, Refi̇ka Ersu, Bülent Taner Karadağ, Fazi̇let Karakoç, Eli̇f Dağli

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Background/aim: The effectiveness of inhaled corticosteroids (ICSs) in cystic fibrosis (CF) is controversial. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of an ICS on bronchial hyperreactivity (BHR), oxidative status, and clinical and inflammatory parameters in CF patients. Materials and methods: CF patients were randomized to receive either 2 mg/day nebulized budesonide or 0.9% normal saline as placebo for 8 weeks. Results: Twenty-nine CF patients (mean age: 10.5 $\pm$ 2.9 years) were enrolled in the study. There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups at the end of 8 weeks in terms of symptoms, pulmonary function, …

Effects Of Positive End-Expiratory Pressure On Intracranial Pressure During Pneumoperitoneum And Trendelenburg Position In A Porcine Model, Nurdan Bedi̇rli̇, Gökçen Emmez, Yusuf Ünal, Mehmet Tönge, Ömer Hakan Emmez

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Background/aim: This study was undertaken to evaluate the effects of positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) levels on intracranial pressure (ICP) and cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP) and to determine the appropriate PEEP level during steep Trendelenburg position combined with pneumoperitoneum.Materials and methods: Ten pigs were included in this study. Pneumoperitoneum and Trendelenburg position were maintained and PEEP titration was initiated. Arterial pressure, heart rate, arterial blood gas, ICP, and CPP were recorded at the following time points: baseline (T0), 30 min after positioning and pneumoperitoneum (T1), PEEP 5 (T2), PEEP 10 (T3), PEEP 15 (T4), and PEEP 20 (T5).Results: MAP significantly increased …

Pilot Investigation Into The Use Of An Anthropomorphic Breast Sonography Phantom As A Training And Assessment Tool, Jacinta Browne, Louise Cannon, Ronan Mcdermott, Max Ryan, Andrew Fagan

Articles

A device for the training and quantitative assessment of the competency of trainee radiologists in the technically challenging area of breast sonography was developed and evaluated. Currently, suitable commercially available devices are lacking, and there is a growing realization that the reliance on direct exposure to patients for learning may not represent best practice from either the trainees' or patients' perspective. Three devices (PI, PII and PIII) were designed to produce very realistic sonographic images of breast morphology with a range of embedded pathologies. The pilot evaluation used a case study research design to evaluate the role of the anthropomorphic …

The Mainstream Scientific Community Is Open To Incremental But Not Holistic Ideas, Maurice Goodman

Articles

NeuroQuantology

doi: 10.14704/nq.2017.15.2.1041

First Circumglobal Assessment Of Southern Hemisphere Humpback Whale Mitochondrial Genetic Variation And Implications For Management, Howard C. Rosenbaum, Francine Kershaw, Martín Mendez, Cristina Pomilla, Matthew S. Leslie, Ken P. Findlay, Peter B. Best, Timothy Collins, Michel Vely, Marcia H. Engel, Robert Baldwin, Gianna Minton, Michael Meÿer, Lilian Flórez-González, M. Michael Poole, Nan Hauser, Claire Garrigue, Muriel Brasseur, John Bannister, Megan Anderson, Carlos Olavarría, C. Scott Baker

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

The description of genetic population structure over a species' geographic range can provide insights into its evolutionary history and also support effective management efforts. Assessments for globally distributed species are rare, however, requiring significant international coordination and collaboration. The global distribution of demographically discrete populations for the humpback whale Megaptera novaeangliae is not fully known, hampering the definition of appropriate management units. Here, we present the first circumglobal assessment of mito - chondrial genetic population structure across the species' range in the Southern Hemisphere and Arabian Sea. We combine new and existing data from the mitochondrial (mt)DNA control region that …

Investigation Of Effects Of Fucoidan Polysaccharides Extracted From Twospecies Of Padina On The Wound-Healing Process In The Rat, Moazameh Kordjazi, Bahareh Shabanpour, Ebrahim Zabihi, Mohammad Ali Faramarzi, Hassan Ahmadi Gavlighi, Seyed Mohammad Amin Feghhi, Seyed Abbas Hosseini

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

Seaweeds contains different types of polysaccharides with high abilities. The aim of this study was to determine the potential of fucoidan polysaccharides for wound-healing properties. Fucoidans of two species of Padina (P. tetrastromatica and P. boergesenii), collected from the Persian Gulf northern coastal area, were extracted and analyzed using high-performance anion-exchange chromatography. Purified fucoidans were used to prepare a 2% topical ointment. Under aseptic conditions, two identical paravertebral full-thickness skin wounds (either by burn or excision) were made in 40 anesthetized male rats allocated into 4 groups. Either fucoidan ointments or the vehicle (ointment base) were applied to rats' wounds …

Field Investigation Of Trypanosoma Evansi And Comparative Analysisof Diagnostic Tests In Horses From Bahawalpur, Pakistan, Sonia Tehseen, Nusrat Jahan, Marc Desquesnes, Mirza Imran Shahzad, Muhammad Fiaz Qamar

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

In order to assess the prevalence of Trypanosoma evansi, a parasitological, molecular, and serological-based investigation was carried out in randomly sampled horses (n = 375) belonging to different age groups, sexes, and localities from the district of Bahawalpur, Pakistan. The diagnostic performance of applied tests was also compared. The prevalence was recorded as 0.5% with Woo's test, 1.3% with both ITS CF/BR PCR and RoTat 1.2 PCR, and 14.4% with CATT/T.evansi. Based on CATT/T.evansi, significant differences (P ≤ 0.05) were observed for prevalence estimates according to different localities, sexes, body condition scores, and origins. A nonsignificant difference (P ≥ 0.05) …

Comparison Of Four Ultrasonographic Approaches For The Diagnosis Ofacquired Reticular Diaphragmatic Hernia In Bovidae, Ashwani Kumar, Vandana Sangwan, Jitender Mohindroo, Narinder Singh Saini, Simrat Sagar Singh

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

The aim of this study was to look at four ultrasonographic approaches that diagnose acquired reticular diaphragmatic hernia (RDH) using either left or right caudal thoracic approaches (4th/5th intercostal space) and compare them to those made more cranially (1st/2nd intercostal space). Each sonographic observation was made in 27 unsedated, standing animals (22 buffaloes and 5 cattle) that were surgically confirmed for RDH. Using the right caudal thoracic approach, the herniated reticulum was seen as medial to the thoracic wall at a depth of 3-5 cm and adjacent to the cardiac silhouette. With the left caudal thoracic approach, the herniated reticulum …

Effects Of Ketamine On Monoamine Neurotransmittersand Gaba In Embryonic Neurocytes From Fetal Rat, Xinran Li, Mo Liu, Yue Li, Cen Guo, Lina Li, Yanan Li, Yuxin Wang, Yiming Zhang, Li Gao

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

The effect of ketamine, a drug commonly used as an anesthetic, on monoaminergic neurotransmitters and GABA in neurocytes from fetal rats has not yet been elucidated. We thus decided to investigate these effects by first evaluating ketamine levels in the cerebrospinal fluid by high-performance liquid chromatography. We thus determined the concentrations of GABA, DA, NE, 5-HT, and 5-HIAA following the addition of four different concentrations of ketamine at day 7 of nerve cell culture. GABA, 5-HT, and 5-HIAA levels were increased after an initial decrease: they showed the lowest levels at 10-15 min and the highest peaks at 45-90 min, …

Evidence Of Foot-And-Mouth Disease Virus Excretion In The Milk Ofapparently Healthy Vaccinated Buffaloes In Islamabad, Pakistan, Hafiziftikhar Ahmed, Umer Farooq, Aamer Bin Zahur, Khalid Naeem, Asma Latif, Hamid Irshad

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

The aim of the study was to determine the seroprevalence of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) and isolation of the FMD virus (FMDV) in the milk of apparently healthy Asian buffaloes. A cross-sectional study was conducted in periurban dairy farms (n = 20) on ≥20 animals per farm in the suburbs of Islamabad, Pakistan. Sera samples (n = 200) were collected to monitor FMDV seroconversions. The analysis of serum samples using ELISA indicated a high seroprevalence of FMD (78%; 156/200) in Asian buffaloes. Milk samples were collected from FMDV seropositive animals only, and virus-specific signals were detected in 12.2% (19/156) of the …

Effects Of Season On Semen Parameters And Relationships Between Selected Semen Characteristics In Hypor Boars, Krzysztof Górski, Stanislaw Kondracki, Anna Wysokinska

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the season of the year on the quality of Hypor boar semen and to determine the correlations between selected semen characteristics in particular seasons. Ejaculates from Hypor boars were analyzed for volume, sperm concentration, percentage of spermatozoa with normal motility, total number of spermatozoa, and the number of insemination doses per ejaculate. Microscopic slides were prepared from semen samples. Each sample was evaluated for the morphology of spermatozoa. Spermatozoa with normal morphology were counted, as well as those with both major and minor abnormalities. Spermatozoa were measured for morphometric …

Development Of Leptospiral Outer Membrane Protein-Based Dot-Elisa Assays And Immunoprofiling For Diagnosis Of Acute Canine Leptospirosis, Vamshi Krishna Sriram, Siju Joseph, Ambily Ramachandran, Mini Mangattumuruppel

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

The present study was carried out to evaluate outer membrane protein (OMP)-based relatively simple dot-ELISA assays for the diagnosis of acute canine leptospirosis and to identify the differential expression of leptospiral OMPs for identifying the markers of acute infection, if any. Among 91 canine serum samples screened, 63 samples were found to be positive by MAT. All the samples were tested by OMP-based IgM and IgG dot ELISAs. The sensitivities of IgM and IgG dot ELISA in comparison to MAT (titer: ≥1:400) were found to be 100%, whereas the specificities were found to be 89.71% and 45.31%, respectively. IgM and …

Effect Of Dosage And Duration Of Altrenogest Treatmenton Follicular Development And Ovulation In Sows*, Supatee Kitkha, Alongkot Boonsoongnern, Nattavut Ratanavanichrojn, Pichai Jirawattanapong, Anuchai Pinyopummin

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of altrenogest (ALT) treatment on follicular development and ovulation in sows. Sows (parity 6-9; D0: weaning day) were assigned to four treatments as follows: control (no ALT treatment; n = 20), ALT-4-0 (ALT 20 mg/day, 5 days; D-4-D0; n = 20), ALT-4-2 (ALT 20 mg/day, 7 days; D-4-D2; n = 23), and 2ALT-4-2 (ALT 20 mg twice a day [40 mg/day], 7 days; D-4-D2; n = 24). The sows in each group were further divided into three groups based on slaughter periods: day 1 (DF1) and day 4 (DF4) of …

Extraskeletal Chondroblastic Osteosarcoma Of The Subcutaneous Tissue In A Maltese Dog, Byungjoon Seung, Junghyung Ju, Seunghee Cho, Soohyeon Kim, Hwan Choi, Junghyang Sur

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

A 10-year-old spayed female Maltese dog presented to a local animal hospital with a subcutaneous mass (4 x 3 x 3 cm) in the right shoulder region. The mass was well circumscribed, with soft tissue opacity and variable levels of mineralization, but with no bony involvement in radiography. The mass was surgically removed. Upon histological examination, the mass consisted of malignant mesenchymal cells that had produced a chondroid matrix and osteoid. Round to polygonal neoplastic cells with large nuclei showed moderate anisokaryosis and variable numbers of mitotic figures. The tumor cells were positive for vimentin and osteocalcin and negative for …

Vibrational Spectroscopy As A Tool For Studying Drug-Cell Interaction: Could High Throughput Vibrational Spectroscopic Screening Improve Drug Development, Lauren E. Jamieson, Hugh Byrne

Articles

Vibrational spectroscopy is currently widely explored as a tool in biomedical applications. An area at the forefront of this field is the use of vibrational spectroscopy for disease diagnosis, ultimately aiming towards spectral pathology. However, while this field shows promising results, moving this technique into the clinic faces the challenges of widespread clinical trials and legislative approval. While spectral pathology has received a lot of attention, there are many other biomedical applications of vibrational spectroscopy, which could potentially be translated to applications with greater ease. A particularly promising application is the use of vibrational spectroscopic techniques to study the interaction …

Smith, "Neutrality Of Reasons," And The Search For Animating Principles, Gerard V. Bradley

Journal Articles

The Distinctiveness of Religion in American Law: Rethinking Religion Clause Jurisprudence by Kathleen Brady

Justice Antonin Scalia’s death stirred a gratifying amount of praise for his life’s work. Among the rose petals tossed his way were, however, some thorns, including renewed criticism of his opinion in Employment Division v. Smith. The Smith Court spent most of its time arguing against a particular interpretation of the Free Exercise Clause, one that authorized judges to grant exemptions to believers burdened by general laws. But without quite identifying it as such, and without argument based in historical source material, the Court came …

Evidence And Innovation In Housing Law And Policy, Lee Anne Fennell, Benjamin J. Keys

Books

No abstract provided.

Countering The Majoritarian Difficulty, Amy Coney Barrett

Journal Articles

In Our Republican Constitution, Randy Barnett argues that the United States Constitution rests on a foundation of individual rather than collective popular sovereignty. Grounding the legitimacy of the government in the authority given it by each individual rather than by the People as a whole echoes the thesis, advanced in Barnett’s prior work, that the government must justify incursions upon individual liberty. If the People as a body are sovereign and the Constitution is designed to facilitate democratic self-governance, legislation is presumptively legitimate because it represents the sovereign will of the democratic majority. If the individual is sovereign, by contrast, …

Technology Design: The Movement Of Means, Yu Gu

Open Educational Resources

In order to promote students’ conceptual understanding and learning experience in introductory statistics, a technology task, which focuses on the probability distribution in which means are defined, was created using TinkerPlots, an exploratory dataanalysis and modeling software. The targeted audiences range from senior high school grade levels to college freshmen who are starting their introductory course in statistics. Students will be guided to explore and discover the movement behaviors of means of a set of numbers randomly generated from a fixed range of values characterized by a predetermined probability distribution. The cognitive, mathematical, technological and pedagogical natures of the task, …

Multimodal Theranostic Nanoformulations Permit Magnetic Resonance Bioimaging Of Antiretroviral Drug Particle Tissue-Cell Biodistribution, Bhavesh D. Kevadiya, Christopher J. Woldstad, Brendan M. Ottemann, Prasanta Dash, Balasrinivasa R. Sajja, Benjamin G. Lamberty, Brenda M. Morsey, Ted Kocher, Rinku Dutta, Aditya N. Bade, Yutong Liu, Shannon E. Callen, Howard S. Fox, Siddappa N. Byrareddy, Joellyn M. Mcmillan, Tatiana K. Bronich, Benson J. Edagwa, Michael D. Boska, Howard Gendelman

Journal Articles: Radiology

RATIONALE: Long-acting slow effective release antiretroviral therapy (LASER ART) was developed to improve patient regimen adherence, prevent new infections, and facilitate drug delivery to human immunodeficiency virus cell and tissue reservoirs. In an effort to facilitate LASER ART development, “multimodal imaging theranostic nanoprobes” were created. These allow combined bioimaging, drug pharmacokinetics and tissue biodistribution tests in animal models.

METHODS: Europium (Eu³⁺)- doped cobalt ferrite (CF) dolutegravir (DTG)- loaded (EuCF-DTG) nanoparticles were synthesized then fully characterized based on their size, shape and stability. These were then used as platforms for nanoformulated drug biodistribution.

RESULTS: Folic acid (FA) decoration of …

The Future Of Ir: Ascending! Keynote Lecture At The Pairs Annual Scientific Meeting 2017, Dubai, Uae, Barry Katzen

All Publications

No abstract provided.

On The Origin Of Superoxide Dismutase: An Evolutionary Perspective Of Superoxide-Mediated Redox Signaling., Adam J. Case

Journal Articles: Cellular & Integrative Physiology

The field of free radical biology originated with the discovery of superoxide dismutase (SOD) in 1969. Over the last 5 decades, a plethora of research has been performed in species ranging from bacteria to mammals that has elucidated the molecular reaction, subcellular location, and specific isoforms of SOD. However, while humans have only begun to study this class of enzymes over the past 50 years, it has been estimated that these enzymes have existed for billions of years, and may be some of the original enzymes found in primitive life. As life evolved over this expanse of time, these enzymes …

Serotonergic Modulation Of Inhibitory Input To Lateral Horn Affects Odor-Mediated Attraction In D. Melanogaster, Ayad Auda

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

To survive, animals must eat, mate, and avoid danger by sensing external stimuli, processing sensory information into perception, and eliciting the appropriate behavioral responses in accordance with their physiological states. Unlike learned responses, innate responses are genetically inherited and do not require the animal to have a previous encounter with the stimulus to elicit an action. However, innate responses can be flexible based on the physiological state of the animal. This flexibility is achieved through constant alterations in network dynamics which ensures that the animal's responses are most effective. This alteration occurs to some extent by modulatory neurons/nuclei at multiple …

Associations Between Sleep, Infant Feeding Methods, Brain Development And Behavior: A Multimodal Approach To Assess Plasticity In The Brain, Christopher Edward Bauer

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Purpose: Sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) is a spectrum disorder that is estimated to effect a significant proportion of the pediatric population (1-3% in USA). SDB is able to disrupt and fragment sleep through frequent arousals and intermittent hypoxia. In addition, the long term effects of SDB in pediatrics have been well-documented; decreases in intelligence quotient (IQ), executive function, school performance, and alertness have all been observed. Although surgical treatments can be quite effective, there are no widely accepted prophylactic measures to prevent SDB development. Recently, breastfeeding duration in infancy has been demonstrated to be correlated with reduced SDB (lower AHI, RAI, …

Genetic Analysis Of The Biosynthesis Of Pharmaceutically Important Dihydroergot Alkaloids By Heterologous Expression Of Claviceps Gigantea Genes In The Fungus Neosartorya Fumigata, Paige E. Bragg

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Ergot alkaloids are a family of secondary metabolites produced by several species of fungi. The structural similarities of ergot alkaloids to neurotransmitters give them the ability to help treat several neurological and cognitive diseases, such as dementia, Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease. These pharmaceuticals are currently being synthesized from more complex ergot alkaloids, however they would be more efficiently synthesized from dihydroergot alkaloids. Understanding the genes involved in the synthesis of dihydroergot alkaloids, such as dihydrolysergol and dihydrolysergic acid, and elucidating their pathways will be beneficial. The Mexican maize ergot pathogen Claviceps gigantea has been reported to produce dihydrolysergol, which is …

Race And The New Policing, Jeffrey Fagan

Faculty Scholarship

Several observers credit nearly 25 years of declining crime rates to the “New Policing” and its emphasis on advanced statistical metrics, new forms of organizational accountability, and aggressive tactical enforcement of minor crimes. This model has been adopted in large and small cities, and has been institutionalized in everyday police-citizen interactions, especially among residents of poorer, often minority, and higher crime areas. Citizens exposed to these regimes have frequent contact with police through investigative stops, arrests for minor misdemeanors, and non-custody citations or summons for code violations or vehicle infractions. Two case studies show surprising and troubling similarities in the …

The Choice Theory Of Contracts – Preface & Introduction, Hanoch Dagan, Michael Heller

Faculty Scholarship

This concise landmark in law and jurisprudence offers the first coherent, liberal account of contract law. "The Choice Theory of Contracts" answers the field's most pressing questions: What is the “freedom” in “freedom of contract”? What core values animate contract law and how do those values interrelate? How must the state act when it shapes contract law? Hanoch Dagan and Michael Heller show exactly why and how freedom matters to contract. They start with the most appealing tenets of modern liberalism and end with their implications for contract law. This readable, engaging book gives contract scholars, teachers, and students a …