Digital Commons Network^™

When Training Gets Trumped: How Dual-Task Interference Inhibits Security Training, Jeffrey L. Jenkins, Bonnie Anderson, Anthony Osborn Vance, Scott Jensen

Faculty Publications

Security training programs are an important intervention to protect users and organizations against security threats. Unfortunately, users often ignore their training and engage in poor security behaviors. We explain how dual-task interference (DTI) is a primary cause of security training disregard. DTI is a cognitive limitation wherein humans cannot perform more than one task simultaneously without experiencing a deterioration of performance. In our context, we hypothesize how prompting users to perform security behaviors during high-DTI times may derail one’s previous security training, resulting in less secure behaviors.

We test our hypotheses in an experiment that compares users’ adherence to security …

Serious Games: An Evaluation Framework And Case Study, David W. Wilson, Jeff Jenkins, Nathan Twyman, Matthew Jensen, Joe Valacich, Norah Dunbar, Scott Wilson, Claude Miller, Bradley Adame, Yu-Hao Lee, Judee Burgoon, Jay F. Nunamaker

Faculty Publications

Serious games show promise as an effective training method, but such games are complex and few guidelines exist for their effective evaluation. We draw on the design science literature to develop a serious game evaluation framework that emphasizes grounding evaluation in each of four key areas— theoretical, technical, empirical, and external. We further recommend that serious game developers assume an iterative, adaptive approach to grounding an evaluation effort in these four areas, emphasizing some areas more than others at different stages of the development cycle. We illustrate our framework using a case study of a large-scale serious game development project. …

Creating Agile Organizations Through It: The Influence Of Internal It Service Perceptions On It Service Quality And It Agility, Paul Benjamin Lowry, David W. Wilson

Faculty Publications

Businesses continue to make large investments in information technology (IT) resources, and it is crucial for them to implement effective management strategies to better leverage these resources. Modern organizations are increasingly dependent on IT to remain agile and competitive in a rapidly changing market, but there remain gaps in understanding how IT resources support IT agility. Recent IT strategy research highlights the role of IT service climate in driving positive IT service quality, and we extend this work in the form of a theoretical model that relates an organization’s internal IT service perceptions to IT agility. We hypothesize a partially …

Assessing Users Satisfaction With Web Digital Library: The Case Of Universiti Teknologi Mara, Mohamad Noorman Masrek, James Eric Gaskin

Faculty Publications

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the determinants of user satisfaction in the context of academic web digital library (DL). A model based on the re-specified information system success model was developed and tested using the structural equation modeling (SEM) technique.

Design/methodology/approach – The study employed survey research methodology with self-administered questionnaire as the research instrument. The questionnaire was developed based on the instruments used by previous researchers. The population of the study was students enrolled for the bachelor’s degree in the Faculty of Information Management, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia. These students were chosen because of …

Life Satisfaction Moderates The Associations Between Motives And Excessive Social Networking Site Usage, Jin-Liang Wang, James Gaskin, Hai-Zhen Wang, Dong Liu

Faculty Publications

It has been suggested that excessive social networking sites (SNS) users might use SNS as a method of coping with their life problems and that psychosocial well-being variables might interact with users’ motives for using SNS in predicting problematic SNS use. The present research explores whether the association between motives (i.e. self-expression and passing time) and excessive SNS usage is moderated by the user’s life satisfaction. A total of 996 college students were recruited from two colleges in Chongqing China. The participants were divided into excessive and nonexcessive SNS usage groups based on their mean score from the excessive SNS …

Real-Time Hand Tremor Detection Via Mouse Cursor Movements For Improved Human-Computer Interactions: An Exploratory Study, Parker A. Williams, Jeffrey L. Jenkins, Joseph S. Valacich

Faculty Publications

Millions of people experience hand-tremors—rhythmic oscillation of the fingers, hands, or arm that cause shaking in the hand. People who experience hand tremors often experience difficulty in human computer interactions. For example, when browsing a website, people with hand tremors may have difficulty navigating or clicking on links in the website. With sever hand tremors, effective computing is difficult without assistance. Past research has developed interventions that can be automatically deployed by a website to make it more accessible to people with hand tremors. We build on this research by creating a methodology to unobtrusively detect hand tremors, allowing these …

Dodging Marshmallows: Simulations To Teach Ethics, Justin Weidman, Dawan Coombs

Faculty Publications

Students had just participated in an experiential learning exercise where they played dodgeball using marshmallows. But the unique context of the game introduced ethical dilemmas that integrated ethics education into a technical education classroom setting.

Research shows that “Engineering curriculum and activities at the K-12 level should be designed to expose students to [ethical considerations inherent in the practice of engineering], and as a result students should be aware of the importance of these issues in the field of engineering” (Moore, Glancy, Tank, Kersten, Smith, & Stohlmann, 2014). But how do STEM teachers teach students to think about ethical issues …

Facilitating Deployable Mechanisms And Structures Via Developable Lamina Emergent Arrays, Larry L. Howell, Robert J. Lang, Spencer P. Magleby, Todd G. Nelson, Nathan A. Pherson

Faculty Publications

A method is presented utilizing networks of lamina emergent joints, known as lamina emergent arrays, to accommodate large-curvature developable structures suited to deployable applications. By exploiting the ruling lines in developable surfaces, this method enables developable structures and mechanisms that can be manufactured with two-dimensional geometry and yet have a greater range of elastic motion than is possible with a solid sheet of material. Aligning the joints to the ruling lines also biases the structure to a specific deployment path. A mathematical model is developed to describe the resulting stiffness of the structure employing the lamina emergent arrays and equations …

For Love Or Money? The Economic Consequences Of Delayed Marriage, Jason S. Carroll

Faculty Publications

It has been well documented that over the last few decades we have seen a substantial increase in the median age of marriage in the United States. In fact, we are currently at all-time historic highs in these trends. According to the Current Population Survey from the U.S. Census, the median age of marriage right now is nearly 29 years of age for men and 27 years of age for women. Given the trajectory of this trend over the last several years, we are quickly approaching a time in our culture where half of marriages will occur for individuals after …

Reliability Generalization Of The Multigroup Ethnic Identity Measure- Revised (Meim-R), Timothy B. Smith, Hayley Marie Herrington, Erin Feinauer, Derek Griner

Faculty Publications

Individuals’ strength of ethnic identity has been linked with multiple positive indicators, including academic achievement and overall psychological well-being. The measure researchers use most often to assess ethnic identity, the Multigroup Ethnic Identity Measure (MEIM), underwent substantial revision in 2007. To inform scholars investigating ethnic identity, a reliability generalization analysis was performed on data from the revised version (MEIM–R) and compared with data from the original MEIM. Random-effects weighted models evaluated internal consistency coefficients (Cronbach’s alpha). Reliability coefficients for the MEIM–R averaged α = .88 across 37 samples, a statistically significant increase over the average of α = .84 for …

Psychotherapy Utilization And Presenting Concerns Among Polynesian American College Students, Kawika Allen, Jon Cox, Timothy B. Smith, Ofa Hafoka, Derek Griner, Mark Beecher

Faculty Publications

In this study, we examined psychotherapy utilization, presenting concerns, reported distress levels, and psychotherapy outcomes among Polynesian American students presenting for services at a counseling center. We collected data at intake, during therapy sessions, and at termination for 415 Polynesian American and 18,117 European American students over a 17-year period. Polynesian American students were equally likely to utilize counseling services as European American students but were more likely to drop out earlier. At intake, these students reported higher numbers of presenting concerns and greater levels of emotional and psychological distress than European American students. Polynesian American students reported significantly higher …

Effort, Luck, And Voting For Redistribution, Lars J. Lefgren, David P. Sims, Olga B. Stoddard

Faculty Publications

We conduct an experiment to determine how the correspondence between economic rewards and effort, as opposed to luck, affects subjects' ex post voting over redistribution. We find that a large, statistically significant proportion of both high- and low-payoff voters are willing to vote contrary to their self-interest in favor of groups that exert proportionately more effort. We confirm these results in an additional, distinct sample. We also show that when subjects' own effort is greater than the group's average effort level, they exhibit greater self interest in voting for redistribution compared to subjects whose effort is below average. Our results …

Run, Jane, Run! Gendered Responses To Political Party Recruitment, Jessica Robinson Preece, Olga B. Stoddard, Rachel Fisher

Faculty Publications

Many researchers point to gender inequities in party recruitment practices to explain women’s underrepresentation on the ballot. However, there has been little systematic research about how men and women respond to recruitment, so we do not know whether gender-balanced recruitment would actually lead to genderbalanced outcomes. We conduct two studies to address this question. First, in cooperation with a county Republican Party, we identically recruited 5510 male and 5506 female highly active party members to attend a free candidate training seminar. Republican women were half as likely to respond to the invitation as men. Second, we conducted a survey experiment …

Optimization-Based Path Planning For Separation Assurance On Small Unmanned Aircraft, Matthew Duffield, Andrew Ning, Timothy Mclain

Faculty Publications

This paper presents a time-based path planning optimizer for separation assurance for unmanned aircraft systems (UAS). Given Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast (ADS-B) as a sensor, intruder information such as position, velocity, and identification information is available at ranges on the order of 50 nautical miles. Such long-range intruder detection facilitates path planning for separation assurance, but also poses computational challenges. The time-based path optimizer presented in this paper provides a path-planning method that takes advantage of long-range ADS-B information and addresses the associated challenges. It is capable of long-range path planning and, due to the convex formulation, is computationally efficient enough …

Parameterized Vertical-Axis Wind Turbine Wake Model Using Cfd Vorticity Data, Andrew Ning, Eric Tingey

Faculty Publications

In order to analyze or optimize a wind farm layout, reduced-order wake models are often used to estimate the interactions between turbines. While many such models exist for horizontal-axis wind turbines, for vertical-axis wind turbines (VAWTs) a simple parametric wake model does not exist. Using computational fluid dynamic (CFD) simulations we computed vorticity in a VAWT wake, and parameterized the data based on normalized downstream positions, tip-speed ratio, and solidity to predict a normalized wake velocity deficit. When compared to CFD, which takes about a day to run one simulation, the reduced-order model predicts the velocity deficit at any location …

Identification And Development Of Patron Personas For An Academic Library, Holt Zaugg, Scott Rackham

Faculty Publications

Purpose. Ranganathan’s Laws of Library Science and continued refinements to his initial laws place identification of patron’s needs and connection of those needs to library services of primary importance in libraries (Ranganathan, 1931; Crawford & Gorman, 1995; Noruzi, 2004). Identifying and developing personas or user group descriptions helps to identify the unique nature of library patrons. Each persona helps librarians to identify or create services specific to the persona of library patrons. As each library persona is better understood, the library faculty and staff are able to prepare and plan for service delivery. Initially personas were developed for undergraduate …

Alles Deutsch, Oder Nicht?: Übersicht Über Deutsche Bibliotheksbestände In Den Vereinigten Staaten, Richard Hacken, Brian Vetruba, Heidi Madden

Faculty Publications

Overview of German-language collections in the United States. Published in German Library Science journal BuB: Forum Bibliothek und Information. English translation available: German Studies Collections in the United States. Also, see A Selection of Readings on German Language Collections in the United States.

2016 sind die USA das Gastland des Leipziger Bibliothekskongresses. Dass englischspachige Literatur hierzulande von großer Bedeutung ist, ist unbestritten. Aber wie sieht es umgekehrt aus? Welche Bestände deutscher Literatur gibt es in den USA? Die Bibliothekare Richard Hacken, Heidi Madden, und Brian Vetruba haben eine Übersicht hierzu erstellt.

Firm-Specific Human Capital Investments As A Signal Of General Value: Revisiting Assumptions About Human Capital And How It Is Managed, Shad S. Morris, Sharon A. Alvarez, Jay B. Barney, Janice C. Molloy

Faculty Publications

Research Summary:

Prior scholarship has assumed that firm-specific and general human capital can be analyzed separately. This paper argues that, in some settings, this is not the case because prior firm-specific human capital investments can be a market signal of an individual’s willingness and ability to make such investments in the future. As such, the willingness and ability to make firm-specific investments is a type of general human capital that links firm-specific and general human capital in important ways. The paper develops theory about these investments, market signals, and value appropriation. Then the paper examines implications for human resource management …

Discrimination Amongst Arctic Indigenous Sámi And Non-Sámi Populations In Norway, Kl Hansen, S Minton, O Friborg, T Sørlie

School of Psychology

Background: Recent research demonstrates that for many indigenous Sami people, experiencing ethnic discrimination is a regular occurrence. The present study was designed to provide estimates of the prevalence of self-reported discrimination in order to identify specific settings where discrimination happened, to identify perpetrators and to examine individuals’ responses to the discrimination. Methods: In 2012, all inhabitants aged between 18 and 69 living in selected municipalities with both Sami and non-Sami settlements in mid- and northern Norway were mailed an invitation to participate in a questionnaire survey covering questions about discrimination (types of discrimination, settings where discrimination happened, and who the …

The German Version Of The Humor Styles Questionnaire: Psychometric Properties And Overlap With Other Styles Of Humor., Willibald Ruch, Sonja Heintz

School of Psychology

The Humor Styles Questionnaire (HSQ; Martin et al., 2003) is one of the most frequently used questionnaires in humor research and has been adapted to several languages. The HSQ measures four humor styles (affiliative, self-enhancing, aggressive, and self-defeating), which should be adaptive or potentially maladaptive to psychosocial well-being. The present study analyzes the internal consistency, factorial validity, and factorial invariance of the HSQ on the basis of several German-speaking samples combined (total N = 1,101). Separate analyses were conducted for gender (male/female), age groups (16-24, 25-35, >36 years old), and countries (Germany/Switzerland). Internal consistencies were good for the overall sample …

Strategic Human Resource Development Impact On Organizational Performance: Does Shrd Matter?, Rebecca Lyons

Education

In the United States today organizational leaders are concerned with skills gaps, or the limited availability of qualified workers to fill open positions. The reason for their concern is the impact of skills gaps on organizational performance in a number of areas including productivity, customer satisfaction, profitability, and the ability to expand. To address skills gaps, many leaders choose to employ workforce training and development. Strategic Human Resource Development (SHRD) is a growing field of research and practice that aims to integrate and align training and development approaches with organizational strategy to improve organizational performance. However, there is inconsistent empirical …

Measuring Environmental Sustainability In Agriculture: A Composite Environmental Impact Index Approach, Ne Sabiha, R Salim, S Rahman, Mf Rola-Rubzen

School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences

The present study develops a composite environmental impact index (CEII) to evaluate the extent of environmental degradation in agriculture after successfully validating its flexibility, applicability and relevance as a tool. The CEII tool is then applied to empirically measure the extent of environmental impacts of High Yield Variety (HYV) rice cultivation in three districts of north-western Bangladesh for a single crop year (October, 2012-September, 2013). Results reveal that 27 to 69 per cent of the theoretical maximum level of environmental damage is created due to HYV rice cultivation with significant regional variations in the CEII scores, implying that policy interventions …

The Perceived Impacts Of Woman-To-Woman Rape And Sexual Assault, And The Subsequent Experience Of Disclosure, Reaction, And Support On Victim/Survivors’ Subjective Experience Of Occupation, Rebecca Twinley

School of Health Professions Theses

The traditional and universal assumption that rape and sexual assault are gendered in nature - perpetrated by men upon women in order to control, oppress, or subordinate them - has implications for victim/survivors of every other form of unwanted sexual contact and non-contact. The historical focus upon male-to-female rape has overlooked the fact that – regardless of gender – children and adults are sexually victimised by people of all ages and genders. In my thesis, I explore the experiences of a group of victim/survivors who national and international research, and anti-sexual-victimisation efforts, have essentially ignored: women who have been sexually …

Changes In The Eeg Amplitude As A Biomarker For Early Detection Of Alzheimer's Disease., Ali H. Al-Nuaimi, Emmanuel Jammeh, Lingfen Sun, Emmanuel Ifeachor

School of Engineering, Computing and Mathematics

The rapid increase in the number of older people with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other forms of dementia represents one of the major challenges to the health and social care systems. Early detection of AD makes it possible for patients to access appropriate services and to benefit from new treatments and therapies, as and when they become available. The onset of AD starts many years before the clinical symptoms become clear. A biomarker that can measure the brain changes in this period would be useful for early diagnosis of AD. Potentially, the electroencephalogram (EEG) can play a valuable role in …

Accessible Polyvocality And Paired Talk: How Family Therapists Talk Positive Connotation Into Being, Lynsey Williams, Tim Auburn

Peninsula Medical School

In this article we identify one particular way in which the reflecting team process is used by family therapists. We show that reflecting teams draw upon occasions in the main session to intensify and extend positivity in the reflecting session. This analysis identified positive connotation as a device by which a hopeful orientation is established. Videos of family therapy sessions were obtained and transcripts of these sessions made. Excerpts with hope and positivity were identified and conversation analysis was used to gain insight into the organization and function of this talk. In addition, therapist interventions occurring during the main therapy …

Exploring The Relationship Between Childhood Obesity And Proximity To The Coast: A Rural/Urban Perspective, Sophie L. Wood, Philippe R. Demougin, Sahran Higgins, Kerryn Husk, Benedict W. Wheeler, Mathew White

Peninsula Medical School

Abstract Childhood obesity is one of the 21st century's most serious global health challenges. Research suggests that better access to ‘greenspace’ (e.g. parks) may encourage physical activity and reduce the risk of obesity amongst children. We extend earlier work by considering childhood obesity in relation to proximity to the coast, using data from England's National Child Measurement Programme. Results suggest that although the overall prevalence of childhood obesity is slightly lower at the coast (−0.68% points comparing <1 km to >20 km, p<0.001), the relationship depends on area type. Specifically, although a coastal proximity gradient (lower obesity rates nearer the coast) was found for rural areas and smaller cities and towns, it was not present among large urban conurbations (interaction p-value<0.001). Coastal environments and access to them are changing in many areas, and research to explore potential impacts on child health is warranted.

Experimental Validation Of The Distributed Drag Method For Simulating Large Marine Current Turbine Arrays Using Porous Fences, D. S. Coles, L. S. Blunden, A. S. Bahaj

School of Engineering, Computing and Mathematics

No abstract provided.

Measuring Spinal Surgical Success: The Proportion Achieving Acceptable Symptoms, Jeremy Hobart

Peninsula Medical School

No abstract provided.

One Step Ahead: The Perceived Kinematics Of Others’ Actions Are Biased Toward Expected Goals., Matthew Hudson, Toby Nicholson, William A. Simpson, Rob Ellis, Patric Bach

School of Psychology

No abstract provided.

Logic Brightens My Day: Evidence For Implicit Sensitivity To Logical Validity., Dries Trippas, Simon J. Handley, Michael F. Verde, Kinga Morsanyi

School of Psychology

No abstract provided.