Digital Commons Network^™

Effect Of The Ethylene Inhibitors Silver Nitrate, Silver Sulfate, And Cobalt Chloride On Micropropagation And Biochemical Parameters In The Cherryrootstocks Cab-6p And Gisela 6, Virginia Sarropoulou, Kortessa Dimassi-Theriou, Ioannis Therios

Turkish Journal of Biology

In the present study, the effects of three ethylene inhibitors, silver nitrate (AgNO3), silver sulfate (Ag2SO4), and cobalt chloride (CoCl2), on the morphogenic and biochemical responses in CAB-6P and Gisela 6 cherry rootstocks were investigated. In both rootstocks, AgNO3 and Ag2SO4 promoted shoot regeneration while CoCl2 had such an effect only in Gisela 6. The rooting percentage of CAB-6P and Gisela 6 explants was diminished with AgNO3, Ag2SO4, and CoCl2. AgNO3 increased root number (40 μM) and root length (50 μM) in the CAB-6P rootstock while it had an inhibitory effect in Gisela 6. Ag2SO4 and CoCl2 enhanced root length …

Synthesis And Characterization Of Transition Metal Phosphide Nanoparticles For Catalytic Applications: Model Catalysts For Hydrodesulfurization And Electrocatalysts For The Oxygen Evolution Reaction, Don Malinda Ruchira Liyanage

Wayne State University Dissertations

Transition metal phosphides are emerging as efficient catalysts for different processes. Although binary phases have been extensively studied recently researchers have explored the synergism afforded by bimetallic ternary transition metal phosphides. The conventional catalyst preparation methods (temperature programmed reduction or solvothermal synthesis) yield inhomogeneous samples, preventing a detailed understanding of how active site density impacts catalytic activity and mechanism. In contrast, solution-phase arrested-precipitation reactions produce uniform nanoparticles with an excellent control on size, morphology and composition.

This dissertation describes the synthesis of ternary transition metal phosphide nanoparticles (Ni2-xCoxP and Ni2-xRuxP) by solution-phase arrested-precipitation reactions and evaluation of their composition-dependent catalytic …

Resilience As A Mediator Between Social Support And Mental Health Among Children Affected By Hiv/Aids In China, Chenguang Du

Wayne State University Theses

RESILIENCE AS A MEDIATOR BETWEEN SOCIAL SUPPORT AND MENTAL HEALTH AMONG CHILDREN AFFECTED BY HIV/AIDS IN CHINA

by

CHENGUANG DU

THESIS

Submitted to the Graduate School

of Wayne State University,

Detroit, Michigan

in partial fulfillment of the requirements

for the degree of

MASTER OF EDUCATION

2016

MAJOR: EDUCATION EVALUATION and RESEARCH

Approved By:

Advisor Date

Evolutionary Ecotoxicology Of Salinity Tolerance In Daphnia Pulex: Interactive Effects Of Clonal Variation, Salinity Stress, And Predation, Xinwu Liu

Wayne State University Theses

Evolutionary ecotoxicology addresses effects of toxic chemicals in an ecological context and considers the potential evolutionary responses of organisms following exposure to toxins. Despite decades of research, the effects of salinity stress in freshwater systems, partly from road salt pollution, on a keystone species, Daphnia pulex, in its interaction with predators have received very limited attention. In this study, I quantified D. pulex clonal variation in response to salinity stress and the lethal and non-lethal effects of Chaoborus (a dominant planktivore in fishless ponds). Behavioral, morphological, and life history responses of two D. pulex clones, known to differ in salinity …

Effects Of Local Muscle Fatigue On Proprioception And Motor Learning, Gowtami Datla

Wayne State University Theses

ABSTRACT

EFFECTS OF LOCAL MUSCLE FATIGUE ON PROPRIOCEPTION

AND MOTOR LEARNING

by

GOWTAMI DATLA

May 2016

Advisor: Dr. Qin Lai

Major: Kinesiology and Exercise Science

Degree: Masters of Education

Background: Muscle fatigue is an exercise induced decline in the ability of muscles to produce force or power. Recent studies showed that decline in proprioception due to fatigue lead to an increasing risk of falls and injury. However, it was unknown whether fatigue-induced proprioception decrease affects skill acquisition and memory consolidation. Purpose: The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of local muscle fatigue on perceptual motor learning in …

Analgesia Followed By Long-Term Hyperalgesia Generated By Disinhibition Of The Basolateral Amygdala, Derek Atchley

Wayne State University Theses

Stress produces bimodal effects on pain peception. During exposure to a stressor pain responses are inibited (i.e. stress-induced analgesia). However, following long-term exposure to a stressor increases in responsiveness to painful stimuli may develop (i.e. stress-induced hyperalgesia). Here I evaluated how a key component of the subcortical defense circuit and target of stress hormones contributes to the development of both stress-induced analgesia and hyperalgesia. Bicuculline methiodide, a GABAA antagonist, injected into the basolateral amygdala was used to mimic the neural effects of a stressor or threat exposure. Immediately following injection pain responsiveness was decreased as measured by vocalizations after discharge …

Ambivalence Over Emotional Expression, Social Constraints, And Trauma As Moderators Of Emotional Awareness And Expression Training And Relaxation Training For Individuals With Irritable Bowel Syndrome, Hannah Holmes

Wayne State University Theses

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a central sensitization gastrointestinal disorder that affects 10-15% of the population. Psychosocial factors, including stress, social support, emotional processes, and trauma, have been shown to play a role in the development of IBS and the severity of symptoms. Effect sizes for psychological treatments are modest, indicating individual differences in effectiveness. A subset of patients with IBS may benefit from Emotional Awareness and Expression Training (EAET), a novel intervention that encourages the awareness and expression of emotions. In this study, 106 participants with IBS were randomized into one of two interventions—Relaxation Training or EAET—or a Waitlist …

Facile Synthesis Of Tertiary Aliphatic Amine– Containing Cyclic Motif Via Neutral Aminyl Radical Cyclization, Heng Chen

Wayne State University Theses

Tertiary amine–containing cyclic motifs are prevalent in natural products and pharmaceutical lead targets. Inspired by these biological active molecules, one focus in our lab is the development of neutral aminyl radical chemistry in the synthesis of tertiary aliphatic amine–containing cyclic compounds. In this project, I investigated the mono- and tandem cyclization of aminyl radical with different types of olefins (terminal olefin, enone, and styrenyl). The effect of the hydrogen atom donor and the limitation of the reaction will be discussed.

An Analysis Of Blue Ash (Fraxinus Quadrangulata) Regeneration In Southeastern Michigan In The Presence Of Emerald Ash Borer (Agrilus Planipennis), Benjamin Adam Spei

Wayne State University Theses

Abstract

AN ANALYSIS OF BLUE ASH (FRAXINUS QUADRANGULATA) REGENERATION IN SOUTHEASTERN MICHIGAN IN THE PRESENCE OF EMERALD ASH BORER (AGRILUS PLANIPENNIS)

by

BENJAMIN A. SPEI

May 2016

Advisor: Dr. Daniel M. Kashian

Major: Biological Sciences

Degree: Master of Science

Since the introduction of the invasive bark beetle emerald ash borer (EAB) (Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire) (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) to southeastern Michigan, most native ash species (Fraxinus spp.) such as white ash (F. Americana), black ash (F. nigra), and green ash (F. pensylvanica) have suffered mortality rates exceeding 99% after infestation. This has led to the loss of seed sources resulting in a …

The Bidirectional Relationship Between Mothers And Their Infants: A Study Of Dyads Using The Still-Face Paradigm, Jordan Lynne Boeve

Wayne State University Theses

The central goal of this study was to describe maternal, infant, and dyadic contributions to mother-infant interaction processes at 7 months postpartum; i.e., how both mother and infant contribute to the quality of the interaction, in an understudied mostly low-income, African American sample. Eighty-five mothers and their 7-month-old infants participated. Dyads were videotaped during the Still-Face Paradigm (SFP) to analyze how a social stressor (maternal still-face) affects infant reactivity and mother-infant social interaction processes. The SFP includes 3 successive 2-minute episodes: normal play (baseline), maternal still-face, during which the mother holds a neutral, expressionless face, and resumption of normal play …

Development Of A Dreissena Bioassay To Assess The Toxicity Of Contaminants Across Two Life-History Stages, Caroline Joyce Addis

Wayne State University Theses

Dreissenid mussels (Dreissena polymorpha and D. bugensis) have rapidly become widespread and ubiquitous in North America since their introduction into the Great Lakes in the 1980s. The resulting environmental and economic impacts of their invasion have been extensive, negatively affecting biodiversity and costing millions of dollars in control efforts and damage to power generation and water treatment facilities. Although dreissenids are often associated with negative impacts, they may present a practical tool for toxicology studies. The typically sessile behavior of the benthic adults coupled with the planktonic nature of the veligers allow for a more complete evaluation of water quality …

Design And Synthesis Of Enzalutamide-Isothiocyanate Hybrid Drug As Anti-Prostate Cancer Agent, Siyu Ou

Wayne State University Theses

Isothiocyanate (ITC), such as sulforaphane (SFN), is an active metabolite of dietary glucosinolate from cruciferous vegetables. SFN-rich extracts have been recently tested in recurrent prostate cancer (PCa) patients and notably prolonged PSA doubling time without Grade 3 adverse events. One of the anti-PCa mechanisms of SFN is to inhibit HDAC6, which further triggering androgen receptor (AR) degradation. We have incorporated ITC to the chemical scaffold of enzalutamide (Enz) to create Enz-ITC hybrid molecules with an intention to intracellularly deliver ITC to AR-Hsp90-HDAC6 complex and therefore improving anti-PCa efficacy of both parental drugs. Two Enz-ITCs and one Enz-ITC N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) …

Enhancement Of Cancer Vaccine Efficacy Via Nanoparticle Or Molecular-Based Adjuvants, Myunggi An

Wayne State University Theses

Adjuvants are immunomodulators which enhance immune responses to vaccines. However, parenteral administration of unformulated adjuvants fails to reach lymph nodes (LNs), the anatomic organ where the primary functions of immune cells are orchestrated. The LN-targeting delivery plays the key roles in promoting immune activation and has the great potential to transform disease treatment. The main goal of this thesis is to develop efficient vaccine delivery systems to target therapeutics into draining lymph nodes (dLNs) for ensuring their immunostimulatory activity. We introduced therapeutic applications of activating TLR9 with synthetic CpG oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN) agonists in nanoparticle or molecular form to activate immune …

Contribution Of Cx3cr1/Fractalkine (Cx3cl1) Axis To The Progression Of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (Nsclc), Rhonda Prince

Wayne State University Theses

A thesis is presented on the characterization of the contribution of the chemokine axis, CX_3CR1/Fractalkine, to the progression of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC). Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the United States, and Lung cancer is one of the four leading causes of the disease. Carcinoma cells, unlike their normal counterparts, gain the ability to express chemokine receptors. Understanding if/how this gain of expression contributes to the progression of cancer could provide a lucrative therapeutic target. Goals of the study include investing if the NSCLC cell line A549, an adenocarcinoma cell line, express the chemokine receptor …

Histological Evidence Of The Effect Of Oil Palm Phenolics In Atherogenic Diet Induced Rat Model Of Alzheimer’S Disease, Kenechukwu Monplaisir Monplaisir

Wayne State University Theses

BACKGROUND: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease with the clinical presentation of memory loss and cognitive impairment. Alzheimer's disease pathology is the accumulation of beta amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles.

METHOD: In this study atherogenic diet was used to induce AD in aged Brown Norway rats. The rats were assigned to the following four groups fed isocaloric diets; control group (C ),high cholesterol diet (H), high cholesterol + oil palm phenolics group (HP), high cholesterol + curcumin group (HC). The impact of oil palm phenolics (OPP) on neuronal health and its effect on amyloid deposition was evaluated using histology …

Hobbies And Organized Activities: Correlates Of Participation And Relations With Psychosocial Adjustment Among Young Adolescent Girls, Davia Steinberg Steinberg

Wayne State University Theses

Recent research has linked participation in organized activities to better psychosocial adjustment in youth including academic achievement, increased peer competence, and better mental health (Fredricks & Eccles, 2006). Although such benefits have been reported among youth from various ethnic and socio-economic backgrounds, lower-income and ethnic minority youth have less access to organized activities (Quane & Rankin, 2006). The current study is among the first to explore whether more accessible forms of activity engagement, hobbies, confer similar benefits. I examine involvement in organized activities and hobbies among a sample of urban, mostly African American (73%) youth.

Results indicate that hobbies represent …

In Vitro Gastrointestinal Digestion Model To Monitor The Antioxidant Properties And Bioaccessbility Of Phenolic Extracts From Elderberry (Sambucus Nigra L.), Ninghui Zhou

Wayne State University Theses

This study performed an in vitro gastrointestinal digestion model to monitor the antioxidant properties of phenolic extracts derived from the elderberry (Sambucus nigra L.). The stability and antioxidant qualities of phenolic compounds from elderberry were assessed by an in vitro gastrointestinal digestion model involving pepsin digestion (to simulate gastric digestion) and pancreatin digestion (to simulate small i22ntestine conditions). Digested and undigested elderberry were subject to antioxidant assays including total phenolic content (TPC) assay, DPPH radical scavenging assay, and oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) assay. Our result showed that digestion process significantly reduced DPPH radical scavenging activity but had no significant …

Functional Characterization Of The Novel Prdm Gene Apox In Tribolium Castaneum, Xin Wang

Wayne State University Theses

Previous work revealed that embryonic and post-embryonic knockdown (KD) of Tribolium Prdm gene Apoptix (Apox) leads to phenotypes, such as melanotic spots in external tissue of larval and pupal body. One part of my research is screening for Apox-specific phenotypes by RNA interference with a second Apox dsRNA. My results revealed that Apox is essential for the embryonic and post-embryonic survival and plays an important role in the regulation of embryonic and post-embryonic development in Tribolium, such as bristle formation. In addition, previous work showed that phenotypes of Apox KD Tribolium were significantly rescued by combinatorial knockdown of Apox and …

Regulators Of Ins-6, A Major Node Of The Insulin-Like Peptide Network For Developmental Plasticity, Lisa Li

Wayne State University Theses

In C. elegans, an insulin-like peptide (ILP) network coordinates various physiological

processes, including developmental plasticity, to enhance survival under different environments. During stressful conditions, such as high temperatures, low food and high population density, first-stage larval worms enter an alternative developmental arrest program called dauer. When ideal environmental conditions are restored, worms exit from the dauer stage to go through reproductive adulthood. Different subsets of ILPs regulate the entry into versus the exit from the dauer state. For example, the ILP ins-6 plays a minor role in inhibiting dauer entry from the ASI sensory neurons, but a more primary role …

In Vitro And In Vivo Measurments Of Serotonin For Ecological And Mental Health Via Fast Scan Cyclic Voltammetry, Matthew Nicholas Jackson

Wayne State University Theses

Fast Scan Cyclic Voltammetry has been proven to be a highly valuable technique in analysis and detection of neurotransmitters. With this technique, two novel applications are being explored to protect natural water sources as well as furthering the efficacy of antidepressants. Despite setbacks, promising data has been collected to further understand the mechanisms involved in the phototactic response observed in Daphnia Magna. Electrochemical modification of carbon fiber microelectrodes has proven to be inefficient as a means to effectively differentiate between serotonin and its metabolite. As such, this unsuccessful attempt has further narrowed down the list of candidates to electrochemically differentiate …

Development Of A Financial Decision-Making Self-Efficacy Measure For Older Adults, Evan Gross

Wayne State University Theses

Financial decision-making is important for older adults, and many are at increased risk for elder financial exploitation due to a combination of biological, social, and psychological factors. The role of self-efficacy for financial decision-making in this population has received little attention from researchers, but evidence suggests it may be a critical aspect in motivating positive decisions and avoiding exploitation. This study developed the Financial Decision-Making Self-Efficacy Scale (FDMSES) for older adults. Participants (N = 200, mean age = 71.5) completed the Lichtenberg Financial Decision-Making Rating Scale (LFDRS) and a neuropsychological test battery. Items from the LFDRS related to financial decision-making …

Integration Of Deterministic And Stochastic Models In A 1,4-Dioxane Contaminated Glacial Aquifer System, Washtenaw County, Michigan, Lena Kristin Pappas

Wayne State University Theses

Hybrid models incorporating stochastic variability within a deterministic hydrostratigraphic framework provide an effective way to assess uncertainty in flow and transport model predictions. This study evaluated the distribution of groundwater flow and contaminant transport pathways in two ensembles of spatially variable hydraulic conductivity (K) distributions. The models comprised a 360 ft-thick sequence of Pleistocene glacial sediments in in an approximately 8 mi2 area across Washtenaw County, Michigan. Conditioned K fields were generated using Sequential Gaussian Simulation (SGS) and Sequential Indicator Simulation (SIS) constructed using indicator classes based on natural gamma ray logs from 77 monitoring wells. K fields were modeled …

Impact Of Cefazolin Co-Administration With Vancomycin To Reduce Development Of Vancomycin Intermediate Staphylococcus Aureus, Nivedita Birbahadur Singh

Wayne State University Theses

IMPACT OF CEFAZOLIN CO-ADMINISTRATION WITH VANCOMYCIN TO REDUCE DEVELOPMENT OF VANCOMYCIN INTERMEDIATE STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS

by

NIVEDITA B SINGH

August 2106

Advisor: Dr. Michael J. Rybak

Major: Pharmaceutical sciences

Degree: Masters of Science

Objective: Development of resistance in S. aureus has been a big concern in the treatment of infections caused by the organism. The line of therapy used today has a disadvantage of slowly developing cross-resistance for antibiotics such as DAP secondary to prior VAN exposure. Therefore, alternative therapy is needed to prevent the emergence of VAN resistance and cross-resistance to other antibiotics. The primary aim of this experiment is …

Frida Kahlo: A Post-Revolutionary Artist, Katie Jean Tapia-Lynch

Wayne State University Theses

General scholarship on Frida Kahlo focuses on her personal life, so much so that her work is often viewed through a narrow autobiographical lens. Scholars have subjected her work to a psychoanalytical approach, and have overused her personal narrative as the basis of discussing her art. Her dramatic marriage to Rivera, her poor health and the loss of several pregnancies have led scholars to psychoanalyze her paintings. However, it is crucial to avoid reducing Kahlo’s art to merely her physical and emotional pain. This approach has been exhausted and may put Kahlo’s importance as an artist at risk. While Kahlo’s …

Higher Statistical Uncertainty With Small Pixel Sizes Gives Higher Pass Rates., Kurt William Van Delinder

Wayne State University Theses

Monte Carlo (MC) based dose calculation methods trade-off accuracy at the expense of computational time, which is, correlated to the user input values of statistical uncertainty and pixel spacing (1). It was first hinted by low et. al. that noise generated within either the calculated or measured plan distributions can affect the result of the plan verification by method of ‘Gamma Index Analysis’(GI) (2). The purpose of this research experiment is to investigate a possible correlation between added noise from increasing MC statistical uncertainty and increasing the odds of a plan passing the GI verification criteria. For this research experiment, …

The Effects Of Pain Interference On Exhaustion At Work And The Mediating Role Of Negative Affect: A Diary Study Of Workers With Chronic Pain, Zachary Fragoso

Wayne State University Theses

Chronic pain is prevalent, affecting an estimated 116 million Americans (Jensen & Turk, 2014), and it is one of the leading causes of work-related disability in the U.S. (Sprigg, Stride, Wall, Holman, & Smith, 2007). Therefore, pain interference at work is an important topic for organizational researchers, yet there is currently a lack of research in this area. Drawing on theory related workplace stress and the chronic pain literature, I proposed a model in which fluctuation in pain interference with work is related to negative affective responses, above and beyond daily fluctuations in pain severity, which, in turn, manifests in …

Targeted Delivery Of Nrf2 Sirna Using Modular Polymeric Micellar Nanodelivery System For Efficient Target Gene Knockdown In Hepatocellular Carcinoma, Shaimaa Mohamed Ibrahim Yousef

Wayne State University Theses

Tumor selective drug delivery as well as chemotherapy associated multi drug resistance (MDR) pose tremendous hurdles for effective cancer therapy. In this regard, designing multifunctional nanocarriers loaded with drug/gene payloads and engineered with tumor targeting ligands can serve as a modular platform for targeted drug/gene delivery. In this study we undertook the synthesis of a self-assembling block copolymer constructed using poly(styrene-co-maleic anhydride, partial iso-octyl ester) (SMAPIE) and branched polyethylenimine (PEI) as building blocks and evaluated its micelle forming ability, siRNA complexation and siRNA delivery potentials. In addition, we engineered galactosamine decorated nanomicelles using modular “click” chemistry based approaches for evaluating …

Dendrimer-Coated Iron Oxide Theranostic Nanoparticles For Cancer Imaging And Therapy, Duy Khanh Luong

Wayne State University Theses

The bleak prognosis for patients diagnosed with metastatic cancer along with the low therapeutic efficacy and the recurrence of cancer in conventional chemotherapy are prompting clinical medicine to adopt a new strategy to detect cancer in early stage and to deliver the anticancer drugs specifically to tumor site to enhance therapeutic efficiency and minimize side effects. The aim of this study is to design a theranostic nanocarrier consisting of iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and Polyamidoamine dendrimers conjugated with folic acid (FA-PAMAM) for active targeted delivery of a highly potent but extremely lipophilic anticancer compound 3,4-difluorobenzylidene …

Relationships Of Dietary Protein And Phosphorus With Protein Energy Wasting In Hemodialysis Patients, Dina Angela Tallman

Wayne State University Theses

Both higher dietary phosphorus intake and a greater dietary phosphorus to protein ratio are associated with increased death risk in hemodialysis (HD) patients even after adjustments for serum phosphorus, type of phosphate binder used, and dietary protein, energy, and potassium intake. Furthermore, dietary phosphorus restriction to control serum phosphorus is often associated with a reduction in protein intake, which is associated with muscle wasting and poor survival. One highly prevalent complication of end stage renal disease is protein energy wasting (PEW), a state of decreased body protein and fat mass, which is strongly associated with increased morbidity and mortality in …

The Impact Of Myeloperoxidase And Its Related Oxidants On Metaphase Ii Mouse Oocyte Quality, Faten Nuri Shaeib

Wayne State University Dissertations

Inflammatory reactions mediated by oxidative stress (OS) have been implicated in the deterioration of oocyte quality, which may lead to subfertility. Oxidative stress generated from enhancement of activated macrophages secondary to an inflammatory response are the major source of reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as superoxide (O2•−), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), hydroxyl radical (•OH), and hypochlorous acid (HOCl), as well as, the pro-inflammatory enzyme myeloperoxidase (MPO). Previously, it has been shown that these ROS have deleterious effect on oocytes; however the link between inflammation through macrophage activity and oocyte quality remains unclear. In this work, we investigated: 1) the mechanism through …