Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®
- Discipline
-
- Social and Behavioral Sciences (7990)
- Education (4603)
- Psychology (3703)
- Arts and Humanities (3281)
- Medicine and Health Sciences (3176)
-
- Law (2213)
- Sociology (1327)
- Business (1259)
- Higher Education (1216)
- Communication (921)
- Life Sciences (910)
- Physical Sciences and Mathematics (683)
- Public Health (664)
- Teacher Education and Professional Development (625)
- Nursing (603)
- Public Affairs, Public Policy and Public Administration (599)
- Religion (570)
- Educational Assessment, Evaluation, and Research (557)
- Educational Administration and Supervision (531)
- Curriculum and Instruction (495)
- History (494)
- Philosophy (483)
- Educational Psychology (479)
- Clinical Psychology (443)
- Social Work (443)
- English Language and Literature (422)
- Engineering (420)
- Mental and Social Health (408)
- Educational Methods (401)
- Library and Information Science (394)
- Institution
-
- Walden University (806)
- University of Nebraska - Lincoln (552)
- City University of New York (CUNY) (542)
- Brigham Young University (533)
- University of South Florida (455)
-
- Sigma Theta Tau International Honor Society of Nursing (451)
- Nova Southeastern University (425)
- Georgia Southern University (392)
- Purdue University (386)
- University of Plymouth (330)
- University of Kentucky (305)
- Liberty University (288)
- Utah State University (283)
- University of Central Florida (280)
- Western Michigan University (279)
- University of South Carolina (270)
- Virginia Commonwealth University (246)
- University of Montana (244)
- University of Nevada, Las Vegas (232)
- San Jose State University (223)
- Old Dominion University (215)
- Portland State University (213)
- University of North Dakota (213)
- Marquette University (206)
- Technological University Dublin (198)
- Grand Valley State University (196)
- Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University (195)
- University of Nebraska at Omaha (192)
- University of Rhode Island (191)
- University of Mississippi (190)
- Keyword
-
- Education (427)
- Psychology (421)
- Depression (245)
- Gender (216)
- Leadership (188)
-
- Higher education (177)
- Mental health (157)
- Women (154)
- Motivation (151)
- Children (143)
- Anxiety (142)
- Newspaper (136)
- Adolescents (135)
- Stress (134)
- Communication (129)
- Identity (124)
- Humans (120)
- Technology (118)
- Assessment (113)
- Culture (111)
- Female (110)
- Resilience (110)
- Race (109)
- Memory (104)
- Georgia Southern University (102)
- Adolescent (100)
- Autism (99)
- Self-efficacy (99)
- Social sciences (99)
- Research (98)
- Publication
-
- Theses and Dissertations (1033)
- Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies (762)
- Electronic Theses and Dissertations (538)
- Dissertations (407)
- Faculty Publications (306)
-
- International Nursing Research Congress (INRC) (236)
- Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects (221)
- Open Access Dissertations (191)
- USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations (191)
- Publications and Research (188)
- Honors Theses (175)
- Psychology Faculty Publications (174)
- Doctoral Dissertations and Projects (169)
- Faculty Scholarship (167)
- Biennial Convention (CONV) (158)
- Master's Theses (155)
- Animal Sentience (140)
- The Catholic Lawyer (129)
- Masters Theses (128)
- Theses (126)
- Doctoral Dissertations (113)
- All Forum Articles (112)
- Articles (108)
- The Qualitative Report (104)
- DRS Biennial Conference Series (99)
- University of Montana Course Syllabi (99)
- Electronic Theses, Projects, and Dissertations (98)
- Graduate Research Theses & Dissertations (98)
- Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD) (98)
- Wayne State University Dissertations (95)
- Publication Type
- File Type
Articles 25771 - 25800 of 27212
Full-Text Articles in Entire DC Network
Television Viewership Among Millennials: An Analysis Of Millennials Usage And Preferences Of On-Demand & Broadcast Television Services, Summer Shelton, Nicholas Mckaig, Cristian Gonzalez Mendez
Television Viewership Among Millennials: An Analysis Of Millennials Usage And Preferences Of On-Demand & Broadcast Television Services, Summer Shelton, Nicholas Mckaig, Cristian Gonzalez Mendez
AMTP Proceedings 2016
The purpose of this study is to identify the usage and preferences of millennials viewing television content on broadcast or on-demand television subscriptions. The study focuses on those aged 18-35, but also provides results for those falling outside of this age demographic. This study seeks to provide marketers with information regarding consumer preferences so they may adapt their offerings to meet the desires of customers which will in turn provide consumers with better quality television viewing experiences. An online survey was conducted which included 118 respondents and gauged their current use of, satisfaction with, and preferences for viewing television content. …
The Impact Of Status Consumption On Luxury Consumption Behaviors: The Influence Of Culture, Don L. Faulk
The Impact Of Status Consumption On Luxury Consumption Behaviors: The Influence Of Culture, Don L. Faulk
Honors College Theses
Status consumption refers to why people consume luxury products. Over the years a great deal of research has been done as to what factors are linked to status consumption. However there has been little research done on millennial’s status consumption trends. This study examined why millennials consume for status from a cultural angle (individualism and collectivism, power distance, and ethnicity). The survey findings suggest that while the motivation to consume for status and the cultural variable of power distance significantly impacted status purchase intention, individualism/collectivism and ethnicity did not. This study also delves into managerial implications of our results.
Publishing In The Top Journals Of The Abdc Journal List: A Cross-Disciplinary Study, Austin D. Glover, Lowell Mooney Dr., Axel Grossmann Dr.
Publishing In The Top Journals Of The Abdc Journal List: A Cross-Disciplinary Study, Austin D. Glover, Lowell Mooney Dr., Axel Grossmann Dr.
Honors College Theses
The purpose of this research is to determine the probability that faculty will publish in the top journals in their respective fields, and if the probability of publishing in those top journals is equally likely across accounting, finance, and management disciplines. To address these questions we collected data from the top journals on the ABDC Journal list for the years 2013-2014. Specifically, we wanted to know how many publication opportunities in the top journals were available during the those two years, how many schools were able to publish in the top journals, and which schools had the most success in …
Continuity In Color: The Persistence Of Symbolic Meaning In Myths, Tales, And Tropes, Mckinley May
Continuity In Color: The Persistence Of Symbolic Meaning In Myths, Tales, And Tropes, Mckinley May
Honors College Theses
This paper examines the symbolism of the colors black, white, and red from ancient times to modern. It explores ancient myths, the Grimm canon of fairy tales, and modern film and television tropes in order to establish the continuity of certain symbolisms through time. In regards to the fairy tales, the examination focuses solely on the lesser-known stories, due to the large amounts of scholarship surrounding the “popular” tales. The continuity of interpretation of these three major colors (black, white, and red) establishes the link between the past and the present and demonstrates the influence of older myths and beliefs …
Typical Bavarian Soldiers?, Markus C. Cotton
Typical Bavarian Soldiers?, Markus C. Cotton
Honors College Theses
This thesis focuses Eduard Husslein and Urban Weigand, who were two Bavarian farmers called up for military service in 1914. The introduction begins with giving background information on both of the men, including how they lived and their family life at the time of war. The first and second chapters discuss the impact of the outbreak of war on their hometown and their specific involvement in the war. While the third chapter discusses demobilization and how it affected their return home. This thesis attempts to use the methodology of Thomas Weber Hitler’s First War and recreate the story of two …
Measuring Perceptions In Quality Of Life After Camp, Madison M. Monk
Measuring Perceptions In Quality Of Life After Camp, Madison M. Monk
Honors College Theses
As children with intellectual/developmental disabilities (I/DD) begin to age out of the school system, they begin losing opportunities for socialization and recreation participation. Losing these opportunities greatly affects these individuals’ quality of life. Limitations to socialization and recreation participation are problematic and research shows it would be beneficial to provide such opportunities. This study explores how a camp environment can increase adults’ with I/DD perceptions of quality of life through providing opportunities to participate in recreation activities and socialize with other campers. Through the use of a Qualtrics survey, researchers contacted campers who attended Camp Sunlight, a camp for adults …
The Effect Of Peer Presence On Adolescent Risk-Taking Behaviors, Kelly E. Daniel
The Effect Of Peer Presence On Adolescent Risk-Taking Behaviors, Kelly E. Daniel
Honors College Theses
The emergence of risk-taking in adolescence, which can have life altering implications such as teenage pregnancy, car accidents, or drug overdoses, has been attributed to several different aspects of development including increased reward sensitivity and immature cognitive control contingent on motivation. Recent psychological research also indicates that adolescent risk-taking increases in the presence of peers. It remains unclear, however, whether this peer effect on risk-taking is attributable to amplified reward sensitivity or is a more general effect of experimenter expectancy and social desirability. This study builds upon this research using a computerized risk-taking task with stimuli that illustrate the probabilities …
Integrating Reading Into Mathematics Instruction, Meredith Eby
Integrating Reading Into Mathematics Instruction, Meredith Eby
Honors College Theses
Reading is not often thought of as a topic that affects mathematics, but it is a reality for low-level reader students. The purpose of this qualitative study was to explore how teachers describe the relationship between mathematics and literacy skills, and to explore specific methods mathematics teachers used to accommodate low-level readers in their mathematics instruction. Participants were six teachers from a rural elementary school. Data was collected through recorded interviews and supplemental email questions that were coded. The data gathered showed that teachers use literacy in mathematics classrooms through word problems and mathematics stories. The most common accommodation was …
Association Of Religious Commitment And Perceived Stress Levels In College Students, Brianna N. Carter
Association Of Religious Commitment And Perceived Stress Levels In College Students, Brianna N. Carter
Honors College Theses
Background: College students report a higher level of stress related to daily functioning (Kreig, 2013). First year students who report feeling overwhelmed has doubled in current years while colleges have reported an increase in the use of on-campus counseling services (up 8% over the past three years) (Kreig, 2013; American Psychological Association, 2014). Previous studies in older adult populations link religiousness to better mental health (Moreira-Almeida, Neto, & Koenig, 2006), suggesting that religion can be used as a coping resource when faced with stressful events (Hood, Hill, & Spilka, 2009). Utilizing the Transactional Theory of Stress and Coping, this study …
Schadenfreude, The Dark Triad, And The Effect Of Music On Emotion, Robin Lane
Schadenfreude, The Dark Triad, And The Effect Of Music On Emotion, Robin Lane
Honors College Theses
Schadenfreude is a humorous response at the misfortune of others and has been suggested to be an empathic defense mechanism. Previous research indicates that individuals who tend to exhibit the Dark Triad personality traits narcissism, psychopathy, and Machiavellianism, experience higher levels of Schadenfreude. Additional studies suggest that music modulates neural activity associated with experiencing humor. In the present study we ask, do music and dark personality traits influence Schadenfreude? Participants viewed a series of brief, randomly intermixed physical misfortune and neutral videos (e.g., a person falling off a treadmill or running on a treadmill, respectively), with either an upbeat or …
The Relationships Between Psychopathy, Empathy, And Everyday Moral Decision Making In An Undergraduate Sample, Justin D. Kemple
The Relationships Between Psychopathy, Empathy, And Everyday Moral Decision Making In An Undergraduate Sample, Justin D. Kemple
Honors College Theses
Psychopathy is a personality disorder characterized by interpersonal manipulation, callous affect, erratic lifestyle, and criminal tendencies. Past research has shown that individuals high in psychopathy feel less empathy than those lower in psychopathy, and that individuals higher in psychopathy sometimes show impaired morality on moral decision making tasks. This study examined the relationships between psychopathy, empathy, and everyday moral decision making; it was hypothesized that individuals higher in total psychopathy, interpersonal manipulation, and callous affect would score lower on empathic concern and feelings of wrongness and guilt when completing a moral dilemma task. To test this hypothesis, 190 undergraduate participants …
The Effects Of Rape Myths And Expert Testimony On Juror Decision Making In A Sexual Assault Case, Kelsey A. Pierson
The Effects Of Rape Myths And Expert Testimony On Juror Decision Making In A Sexual Assault Case, Kelsey A. Pierson
Honors College Theses
When a sexual assault case is tried in court there is often a lack of physical evidence, leading jurors to rely on the general information they know about a topic when determining a verdict. When jurors rely on their general knowledge, preexisting stereotypes and prejudice can influence their decision. One type of stereotype is rape myths- false beliefs about rape victims, the situation surrounding a rape, and rapists. One understudied rape myth is the myth that victims who report their rape immediately are more credible than those who wait to report. Rape myths can be used to shift blame away …
The Tribes Of Maycomb County: The Continuing Quest To Transcend Our Differences, Steven H. Hobbs
The Tribes Of Maycomb County: The Continuing Quest To Transcend Our Differences, Steven H. Hobbs
Articles
No abstract provided.
Four Ironies Of Campus Climate, Richard Delgado, Jean Stefancic
Four Ironies Of Campus Climate, Richard Delgado, Jean Stefancic
Articles
Building on previous scholarship Jean Stefancic and I develop a comprehensive model for accommodating the main competing views First Amendment absolutism and minority protection that vie for ascendancy in the debate over campus climate
The Duty Of Care Of Bank Directors And Officers Bank Director And Officer Responsibilities Conference, Julie Andersen Hill, Douglas K. Moll
The Duty Of Care Of Bank Directors And Officers Bank Director And Officer Responsibilities Conference, Julie Andersen Hill, Douglas K. Moll
Articles
In the aftermath of the 2008 financial crisis, the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) brought numerous lawsuits against directors and officers offailed banks asserting that they had breached their fiduciary duty of care. Under state corporate law, duty of care claims arise in different contexts, and courts often apply different standards of liability depending upon the context of the claim. In the banking setting, the standard of liability for breach of the duty of care is governed by the federal statute FIRREA and the Supreme Court's decision in Atherton v. FDIC. In Atherton, the Court held that FIRREA allows the …
Developmental Math Education: The Bermuda Triangle Of Student Success--Many Enter, But Few Succeed., Julia Elizabeth Paxton Sullivan
Developmental Math Education: The Bermuda Triangle Of Student Success--Many Enter, But Few Succeed., Julia Elizabeth Paxton Sullivan
LSU Doctoral Dissertations
This study employed a quantitative design to evaluate the effectiveness of developmental math and the predictors of student success in developmental math for a period of three years. Four of the study’s original eight predictors of student success were statistically significant. However, a model was created using multinomial regression. The model was created using data from the fall 2013 semester and was tested using data from the fall 2014 semester. The effectiveness of developmental math in predicting a student’s success in the first college-level math course was tested using a multinomial regression. Although no statistical significance was found, the study …
Exploring The Relationship Between Long-Term Memory And Attention Through Attentional Templates, Rebecca Rose Goldstein
Exploring The Relationship Between Long-Term Memory And Attention Through Attentional Templates, Rebecca Rose Goldstein
LSU Doctoral Dissertations
It is assumed that the contents of visual working memory (VWM) guide attention. This notion has been challenged by work which has demonstrated that multiple searches for the same target changes contralateral delay activity (CDA), an event-related potential that is the putative marker of the amount of information maintained in VWM. It has been suggested that the disappearance of the CDA with an invariable target marks the transfer of the attentional template from VWM storage to long-term memory (LTM) storage. Therefore, LTM may guide attention in many situations where it has previously been assumed that VWM guides attention. However, while …
Equipment For Dying: A Dramatistic Critique Of Heroism And The Crises Assaulting Returning Soldiers, Jonathan Mark Broussard
Equipment For Dying: A Dramatistic Critique Of Heroism And The Crises Assaulting Returning Soldiers, Jonathan Mark Broussard
LSU Doctoral Dissertations
This dissertation presents a dramatistic critique of the various crises and challenges assaulting United States soldiers and the current U.S. construction of warrior heroism through the theoretical lens of “Equipment for Dying.” Equipment for Dying theorizes that each specific crisis or challenge faced is a contemporary incarnation of an archetypal challenged faced by all soldiers and the societies that send them to war. Therefore, the dramatic form of the myth of the heroic warrior provides models and guidelines for interpreting and responding to the “deaths” of the soldier: physical, psychological, or economic. As a theoretical frame, Equipment for Dying seeks …
Toward An Advanced System Of Accountability For Improved Student Learning Outcomes: A Mixed-Methods Analysis Of Test-Based Accountability In Louisiana, Susan Nicole Kahn
Toward An Advanced System Of Accountability For Improved Student Learning Outcomes: A Mixed-Methods Analysis Of Test-Based Accountability In Louisiana, Susan Nicole Kahn
LSU Doctoral Dissertations
The nature of federal and state policies regarding accountability testing narrows the taught curriculum to content tested, thereby changing what is officially valued as student learning. The over-emphasis on standardized test scores has narrowed the curriculum to content that is tested (Amrein & Berliner, 2002; Baker, 2008; Herman, 2008; Koretz & Hamilton, 2003; Linn, 2000). In Louisiana, test-based accountability defines local school quality through a letter grade rating scale that uses an index for school performance scores (SPS), which in turn impacts traditional and nontraditional (e.g. charter) school expansion, closure, and takeover, administration of opportunity scholarships (e.g. voucher) for private …
Agora, Dignity, And Discrimination: On The Constitutional Shortcomings Of Conscience Laws That Promote Inequality In The Public Marketplace Symposium: Law And Religion In An Increasingly Polarized America, Ronald J. Krotoszynski Jr.
Agora, Dignity, And Discrimination: On The Constitutional Shortcomings Of Conscience Laws That Promote Inequality In The Public Marketplace Symposium: Law And Religion In An Increasingly Polarized America, Ronald J. Krotoszynski Jr.
Articles
No abstract provided.
The Role Of Religious Coping In The Marital Stability Of Strong, African American Couples: A Strengths-Focused Approach., Antonius Delvecco Skipper
The Role Of Religious Coping In The Marital Stability Of Strong, African American Couples: A Strengths-Focused Approach., Antonius Delvecco Skipper
LSU Doctoral Dissertations
Relatively few studies have examined the strengths of the African American family, while several have highlighted social issues that have affected the African American family such as divorce, single-parent households, and absentee fathers. This focus on deficit and dysfunction contributes to a research-based gap in understanding the African American marital dyad. Given that religion influences the lives of many African American couples, it is important to understand the impact that religious coping can have on marital stability in the African American community. The purpose of this study is to explore the underlying processes of religious coping for those African American …
A Stirling Education: Education In Antebellum Louisiana, Seth T. Eisworth
A Stirling Education: Education In Antebellum Louisiana, Seth T. Eisworth
LSU Doctoral Dissertations
This dissertation examines the surviving archival evidence from several 19th century prominent West Feliciana families found in the Louisiana and Lower Mississippi Valley Collections (LLMVC) at the LSU libraries in an effort to understand how Louisianans’ value and support education. The antebellum period was chosen for study because it was arguably the last time period in which the South was not influenced or controlled by the dominant narrative of the Common School Movement, which Wayne Urban (1981) refers to as the “phenomenon of Massachusetts Myopia.” The archival collections containing correspondence from the immediate family of Lewis Stirling, Sr. and their …
Curriculum And Compassion: An Inquiry Into The Relevance Of The Charism Of The Brothers Of The Sacred Heart In A Post-Modern World, Thomas Walter Eldringhoff
Curriculum And Compassion: An Inquiry Into The Relevance Of The Charism Of The Brothers Of The Sacred Heart In A Post-Modern World, Thomas Walter Eldringhoff
LSU Doctoral Dissertations
The purpose of this study is to examine the relevance of a curriculum that embodies the charism of the Brothers of the Sacred Heart in a post-modern world. The project will investigate the understanding of the charism both by the researcher and by selected brothers who are in unique positions to articulate and explicate just what the charism entails. A variety of formational and foundational documents will also be subjected to philosophical analysis so a deep picture of the charism is available to the reader. Literature surrounding post-modernist curriculum theory serves as the theoretical framework for this investigation of the …
Bind Me More Tightly Still: Voluntary Restraint Against Gun Suicide, Angela Selvaggio, Fredrick E. Vars
Bind Me More Tightly Still: Voluntary Restraint Against Gun Suicide, Angela Selvaggio, Fredrick E. Vars
Articles
No abstract provided.
Research Symposium Program [2016], Georgia Southern University
Research Symposium Program [2016], Georgia Southern University
GS4 Student Scholars Symposium
No abstract provided.
Queer Farmers: Sexuality And The Transition To Sustainable Agriculture, Isaac Leslie
Queer Farmers: Sexuality And The Transition To Sustainable Agriculture, Isaac Leslie
Master's Theses and Capstones
Intimate relationships are foundational to farm viability. Such relationships affect how farmers share tasks, earn income, and access land, yet the role of sexuality and heteronormativity in agriculture remains understudied. Furthermore, queers are largely ignored as potential farmers by the sustainable agriculture and LGBT movements. Through participant observation and interviews with 30 sustainable farmers of various genders and sexualities in New England, I document the lived experiences of queer sustainable farmers, an under-researched group, and examine whether sexuality and gender affects why they farm. Whereas the perception of rural heterosexism can discourage queer participation in agriculture, queer farmers faced less …
Using Theory To Improve Low Back Pain Care In Australian Aboriginal Primary Care: A Mixed Method Single Cohort Pilot Study, I Lin, J Coffin, P O'Sullivan
Using Theory To Improve Low Back Pain Care In Australian Aboriginal Primary Care: A Mixed Method Single Cohort Pilot Study, I Lin, J Coffin, P O'Sullivan
Health Sciences Papers and Journal Articles
Background: Low back pain (LBP) care is frequently discordant with research evidence. This pilot study evaluated changes in LBP care following a systematic, theory informed intervention in a rural Australian Aboriginal Health Service. We aimed to improve three aspects of care; reduce inappropriate LBP radiological imaging referrals, increase psychosocial oriented patient assessment and, increase the provision of LBP self-management information to patients.
Methods: Three interventions to improve care were developed using a four-step systematic implementation approach. A mixed methods pre/post cohort design evaluated changes in the three behaviours using a clinical audit of LBP care in a six month period …
Self-Management Interventions To Improve Skin Care For Pressure Ulcer Prevention In People With Spinal Cord Injuries: A Systematic Review Protocol, J Baron, J Swaine, J Presseau, A Aspinall, S Jaglal, B White, D Wolfe, J Grimshaw
Self-Management Interventions To Improve Skin Care For Pressure Ulcer Prevention In People With Spinal Cord Injuries: A Systematic Review Protocol, J Baron, J Swaine, J Presseau, A Aspinall, S Jaglal, B White, D Wolfe, J Grimshaw
Health Sciences Papers and Journal Articles
Background: Pressure ulcers are a serious, common, lifelong, and costly secondary complication of spinal cord injury (SCI). Community-dwelling people with a SCI can prevent them with appropriate skin care (i.e. pressure relieving activities, skin checks). Adherence to skin care remains suboptimal however, and self-management interventions that focus on improving this have been designed. Little is known on their content, effectiveness, or theoretical basis. The aim of the proposed systematic review is to synthesize the literature on self-management interventions to improve skin care in people with a SCI. Specific objectives are to describe these interventions in relation to their content, effectiveness, …
Investigating Community Perspectives On Falls Prevention Information Seeking And Delivery: Older Person Perceptions Regarding Preferences For Falls Prevention Education Using A World Cafe Approach, C Bulsara, L Khong, A Hill, K Hill
Investigating Community Perspectives On Falls Prevention Information Seeking And Delivery: Older Person Perceptions Regarding Preferences For Falls Prevention Education Using A World Cafe Approach, C Bulsara, L Khong, A Hill, K Hill
Health Sciences Papers and Journal Articles
Falls among older people are a significant global socioeconomic problem, and older adults have low levels of self-perceived risk and a lack of willingness to take up existing falls prevention strategies. We believe that given the challenges of delivering falls prevention information, meaningful engagement of community members would create solutions based on an understanding of what would work best for that community. A World Cafe community forum sought the opinions of 70 community-dwelling older people about their preferences on how they would best receive and seek falls prevention information that could prevent falls within their age group. Participants evaluated the …
Models For Community Based Day Care For Older People: A Narrative Review, C Bulsara, C Etherton-Beer, R Saunders
Models For Community Based Day Care For Older People: A Narrative Review, C Bulsara, C Etherton-Beer, R Saunders
Health Sciences Papers and Journal Articles
Objectives: Older Australians are choosing to live within the community and there are a number of initiatives to enable this sector of the population to do so for longer. In an effort to ensure that they remain both physically and psychologically engaged, one initiative has been to provide community based day care (CBDC).
Method: A narrative review was undertaken through searching MEDLINE, CINAHL Plus, Scopus and AgeInfo using keywords related to facility related, target group related and purpose/program of CBDC services.
Results: Results indicated that there is a much research investigating different approaches but little consensus regarding the optimal delivery …