Digital Commons Network^™

Performance Of A1c Versus Ogtt For The Diagnosis Of Prediabetes In A Community-Based Screening, Jenny E. Camacho, Vallabh O. Shah, Ronald Schrader, Craig S. Wong, Mark R. Burge

Pediatrics Research and Scholarship

OBJECTIVE: Reliable identification of individuals at risk for developing diabetes is critical to instituting preventative strategies. Studies suggest that the accuracy of using hemoglobin A1c as a sole diagnostic criterion for diabetes may be variable across different ethnic groups. We postulate that there will be lack of concordance between A1c and the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) for diagnosing prediabetes across Hispanic and non-Hispanic white (NHW) populations.

METHODS: A total of 218 asymptomatic adults at risk for type 2 diabetes (T2D) were assessed with A1c and OGTT for the diagnosis of prediabetes. Glucose homeostasis status was assigned as no diabetes …

Synchrony In A Boolean Network Of The L-Arabinose Operon In Escherichia Coli, Andy Jenkins, Matthew Macauley

Publications

The lactose operon in Escherichia coli was the first known gene regulatory network, and it is frequently used as a prototype for new modeling paradigms. Historically, many of these modeling frameworks use differential equations. More recently, Stigler and Veliz-Cuba proposed a Boolean network model that captures the bistability of the system and all of the biological steady states. In this paper, we model the well-known arabinose operon in E. coli with a Boolean network. This has several complex features not found in the lac operon, such as a protein that is both an activator and repressor, a DNA looping mechanism …

Learning Disabled Special Education Students And General Education Opportunities, Candace Pelt

Doctor of Education (EdD)

This study examined the relationship between the amount of time a student receives in general education and achievement scores for reading and math. Students selected were previously identified with a learning disability in the Newberg School District, and they were enrolled in classes during the 2014-2015 school year. Using a Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA), this study observed the correlation between students’ federal placement code and student achievement scores for both reading and math. For students with disabilities who also have an Individual Education Plan (IEP), the federal placement code identifies the amount of time a student spends in general …

Perceptions Of And Preferences For A Mobile Health Clinic For Underserved Populations, Melinda Gillispie, Catherine Mobley, Lynette M. Gibson, Arelis Moore De Peralta

Publications

Background: Research has established that members of particular demographic groups are inordinately burdened by differential healthcare access. Mobile health clinics (MHCs) are emerging across health systems to improve access to care of marginalized populations. This study explored the perceptions and concerns of community residents living in underserved neighborhoods toward MHC services.

Methods: This study used a qualitative descriptive design with 5 focus group meetings. Purposive sampling was used to recruit ethnically diverse, English- and Spanish-speaking men and women ages 20–67 residing in 5 underserved neighborhoods in Greenville County, SC.

Results: Participants (N = 35) felt positive about obtaining personalized health …

Results From Australia’S 2016 Report Card On Physical Activity For Children And Youth, Natasha K. Schranz, Timothy Olds, Roslyn Boyd, John Evans, Sjaan R. Gomersall, Louise Hardy, Kylie Hesketh, David R. Lubans, Nicola D. Ridgers, Leon Straker, Stewart Vella, Jenny Ziviani, Grant Tomkinson

Education, Health & Behavior Studies Faculty Publications

Background:

Two years on from the inaugural Active Healthy Kids Australia (AHKA) Physical Activity Report Card, there has been little to no change with the majority of Australian children still insufficiently active. Methods:

The 2016 AHKA Report Card was developed using the best available national- and state-based physical activity data, which were evaluated by the AHKA Research Working Group using predetermined weighting criteria and benchmarks to assign letter grades to the 12 Report Card indicators. Results:

In comparison with 2014, Overall Physical Activity Levels was again assigned a D- with Organized Sport and Physical Activity Participation increasing to a …

Leukocyte Telomere Length In Relation To 17 Biomarkers Of Cardiovascular Disease Risk: A Cross-Sectional Study Of Us Adults, David Rehkopf, Belinda L. Needham, Jue Lin, Elizabeth Blackburn, Ami R. Zota, Janet Wojcicki, Elissa Epel

Environmental and Occupational Health Faculty Publications

Background

Leukocyte telomere length (LTL) is a putative biological marker of immune system age, and there are demonstrated associations between LTL and cardiovascular disease. This may be due in part to the relationship of LTL with other biomarkers associated with cardiovascular disease risk. However, the strength of associations between LTL and adiposity, metabolic, proinflammatory, and cardiovascular biomarkers has not been systematically evaluated in a United States nationally representative population.

Methods and Findings

We examined associations between LTL and 17 cardiovascular biomarkers, including lipoproteins, blood sugar, circulatory pressure, proinflammatory markers, kidney function, and adiposity measures, in adults ages 20 to 84 …

Concluding Commentary: Children In All Cancer Prevention Policy Decisions., Cynthia F Bearer, Lynn Goldman

Environmental and Occupational Health Faculty Publications

This interesting series of articles on Opportunities for Cancer Prevention During Early Life brings many ideas for the primary prevention of cancer in childhood, or in adults due to early life events. The economic burden not only of cancer mortality but also of lifelong morbidity among cancer survivors, as shown by Guy et al,1 raises the importance of this critical public health issue. The topics of these articles were developed during online seminars with the pioneers in this area, some of whom authored the articles. They reflect the determinants of health diagrammed so eloquently in Healthy People 2020.2 …

Unquantified Benefits And The Problem Of Regulation Under Uncertainty, Jonathan Masur, Eric A. Posner

Articles

No abstract provided.

How We Care: Provider Perspectives On Services For Vietnamese Elderly In Boston’S Dorchester Neighborhood, Loan Thi Dao

Institute for Asian American Studies Publications

The need for culturally competent care for the elderly is of growing concern for Asian American and Pacific Islander (AAPI) communities and health providers. In 2012, a preliminary study was conducted to ascertain the perspectives of service providers about the cultural competency of services for elderly Vietnamese Americans in Boston, Massachusetts. The study includes interviews with key informants representing the five major community health centers (CHC) programs in Boston’s Vietnamese enclave in the Dorchester neighborhood. Secondary data collection from field observations and informal communications with other staff and elderly clients also inform the findings. While the study recognizes the value …

A Glimpse Inside The Brain’S Black Box: Understanding The Role Of Neuroscience In Criminal Sentencing, Bernice B. Donald, Erica Bakies

Fordham Law Review

This Article begins by discussing what neuroscience and the smaller associated field of study, neuropsychology, are and what they can tell us about an individual. It then recounts a brief history of sentencing in the United States. Additionally, it expounds on how the legal system currently utilizes neuroscience in the courts, noting specifically the ways in which neuroscience can be presented during the sentencing phase of trial. Finally, it discusses the use of neuroscience as a mitigating factor during sentencing and how judges can use neuroscience to combat their implicit biases.

Can Neuroscience Help Predict Future Antisocial Behavior?, Lyn M. Gaudet, Jason P. Kerkmans, Nathaniel E. Anderson, Kent A. Kiehl

Fordham Law Review

Part I of this Article reviews the tools currently available to predict antisocial behavior. Part II discusses legal precedent regarding the use of, and challenges to, various prediction methods. Part III introduces recent neuroscience work in this area and reviews two studies that have successfully used neuroimaging techniques to predict recidivism. Part IV discusses some criticisms that are commonly levied against the various prediction methods and highlights the disparity between the attitudes of the scientific and legal communities toward risk assessment generally and neuroscience specifically. Lastly, Part V explains why neuroscience methods will likely continue to help inform and, ideally, …

Lonely Too Long: Redefining And Reforming Juvenile Solitary Confinement, Jessica Lee

Fordham Law Review

Solitary confinement is a frequently used penal tool in all fifty states against all types of offenders. However, since its development in the 1800s, solitary confinement has been found to have damaging psychological effects. Juvenile inmates in particular suffer the greatest psychological damage from solitary confinement because their brains are still in a developmental state. This has led many to propose various reforms that would either end or limit the use of solitary confinement for those under the age of eighteen. However, new neurological studies on brain development show that inmates between the ages of eighteen and twenty-five also suffer …

Finger Dexterity Exercise For Older Adults- Transforming Older Adults’ Hands Exercise Experience With Physical Tools And Technology, Xiaoyu Qi

Theses - ALL

Transforming finger dexterity exercises involved filming and analyzing older adults’ hand movements in an independent living facility located in Syracuse, New York. Hands help people complete the movements during the activities of daily living (ADLs) and the instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs). Hand function is crucial for seniors to sustain their capacity for independent living. Independence can be preserved if seniors are able to move their fingers freely to perform personal tasks. For my study design, I used existing foam balls as props to enhance the older adults’ exercise routines. The exercise experience was examined through prototypes, tests, and …

Finger Dexterity Exercise For Older Adults- Transforming Older Adults’ Hands Exercise Experience With Physical Tools And Technology, Xiaoyu Qi

Theses - ALL

Transforming finger dexterity exercises involved filming and analyzing older adults’ hand movements in an independent living facility located in Syracuse, New York. Hands help people complete the movements during the activities of daily living (ADLs) and the instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs). Hand function is crucial for seniors to sustain their capacity for independent living. Independence can be preserved if seniors are able to move their fingers freely to perform personal tasks. For my study design, I used existing foam balls as props to enhance the older adults’ exercise routines. The exercise experience was examined through prototypes, tests, and …

Forage News [2016-11], Department Of Plant And Soil Sciences, University Of Kentucky

Forage News

• The New Face of Forage News
• Changes to FSA Acreage Reporting Dates for 2017
• Heart of America Grazing Conference to be held in Quincy, IL January 18-19
• Forage News Quote of the Month: "Wasted Hay Means Wasted Money"
• Overseeding Small Grains into Pastures or Hayfields
• AFGC Annual Meeting - January 22-24, 2017
• Somerset KY Hosts Successful Kentucky Grazing Conference
• Featured Publication: Taking Soil Test Samples - AGR-16
• Dairy Market Continues to Struggle

Circumcision Status Is Not Associated With Condom Use And Prevalence Of Sexually Transmitted Infections Among Young Black Msm, Richard A. Crosby, Cynthia A. Graham, Leandro Mena, William L. Yarber, Stephanie A. Sanders, Robin R. Milhausen, Angelica Geter

Health, Behavior & Society Faculty Publications

This study investigated whether intact young Black MSM differed from their circumcised counterparts regarding condom use behaviors and perceptions and HIV/Chlamydia/gonorrhea. Young Black MSM completed a self-interview, including a pictorial item assessing circumcision status and measures of condom use. Twenty-seven percent of 388 participants reported not being circumcised. With one exception, no associations tested approached significance. The mean frequency of unprotected insertive anal sex for circumcised men was about twice as high compared to those intact (P = .04). Intact young Black MSM did not differ from circumcised men relative to prevalence of STIs (including HIV) or condom use behaviors …

The Unfinished Business Of Horne V. Department Of Agriculture, Richard A. Epstein

Articles

No abstract provided.

Detritus Quality And Locality Determines Survival And Mass, But Not Export, Of Wood Frogs At Metamorphosis, Joseph R. Milanovich, Kyle Barrett, John A. Crawford

Faculty Scholarship

Single-site experiments have demonstrated detritus quality in wetlands can have strongly negative, neutral, and even positive influences on wildlife. However, an examination of the influence of detritus quality across several regions is lacking and can provide information on whether impacts from variation in detritus quality are consistent across species with wide ranges. To address this gap in regional studies we examined effects of emergent and allochthonous detritus of different nutrient qualities on amphibians and assessed a mechanism that may contribute to potential impacts. We used aquatic mesocosms to raise wood frogs (Rana sylvatica) from two regions of the United States …

Nutrinews, Volume 22, November, 2016, Department Of Nutrition And Dietetics, University Of North Florida

NutriNews

This issue features Nutrition Updates, From Jessica's Table: Fall Desserts, The benefits of dietary cinnamon for diabetics

Exploring Health Beliefs Among Hispanic Adults With Prediabetes (Poster)., Kyle Shaak Bs, Beth Careyva M.D., Susan E. Hansen Ma, Melanie B. Johnson Mpa, Samantha A. Goodrich, Alicia Rivera, Liselly Diaz, Jessecae K. Marsh Phd, Clare Lenhart Phd, Brian Stello Md

Department of Family Medicine

No abstract provided.

Pancreatic Β-Cell Production Of Cxcr3 Ligands Precedes Diabetes Onset, Susan J. Burke, Michael D. Karlstad, Adrianna E. Eder, Kellie M. Regal, Danhong Lu, David H. Burk, J. Jason Collier

Faculty Publications

© 2016 International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) results from immune cell-mediated reductions in function and mass of the insulin-producing β-cells within the pancreatic islets. While the initial trigger(s) that initiates the autoimmune process is unknown, there is a leukocytic infiltration that precedes islet β-cell death and dysfunction. Herein, we demonstrate that genes encoding the chemokines CXCL9, 10, and 11 are primary response genes in pancreatic β-cells and are also elevated as part of the inflammatory response in mouse, rat, and human islets. We further established that STAT1 participates in the transcriptional control of …

Research Needs To Improve Hypertension Treatment And Control In African Americans, Paul K. Whelton, Paula T. Einhorn, Paul Muntner, Lawrence J. Appel, William C. Cushman, Ana V.Diez Roux, Keith C. Ferdinand, Mahboob Rahman, Herman A. Taylor, Jamy Ard, Donna K. Arnett, Barry L. Carter, Barry R. Davis, Barry I. Freedman, Lisa A. Cooper, Richard Cooper, Patrice Desvigne-Nickens, Nara Gavini, Alan S. Go, David J. Hyman, Paul L. Kimmel, Karen L. Margolis, Edgar R. Miller, Katherine T. Mills, George A. Mensah, Ann M. Navar, Gbenga Ogedegbe, Michael K. Rakotz, George Thomas, Jonathan N. Tobin, Jackson T. Wright, Sung Sug Sarah Yoon, Jeffrey A. Cutler

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Exploring The Connection Between Community Food Security Initiatives And Social-Cognitive Factors On Dietary Intake, Diana Cuy Castellanos, Josh Keller, Emma Majchrzak

Health and Sport Science Faculty Publications

Food insecurity and poor dietary consumption continue to impact low-income populations in the U.S. However, communities are developing ways to address it at the local level. Community Food Security Initiatives (CFSI) focus on increasing a sustainable, healthy food supply and food system while addressing food insecurity and dietary quality within a community.

The purpose of this study was two-fold: (1) explore CFSIs in low-income areas in a metropolitan Midwest city and (2) examine the effects of the initiatives along with other social-cognitive factors on fruit and vegetable consumption in persons participating in local CFSIs.

This was a mixed-methods study. First, …

Perspectives On The Development Of A Local Food System: The Case Of Dayton, Ohio, Diana Cuy Castellanos, John C. Jones, Joanne Christaldi, Katherine A. Liutkus

Health and Sport Science Faculty Publications

Multiple sectors play vital roles in a community’s development and maintenance of a sustainable local food system. This study explored the perceptions of twenty-two representatives from the civil society, public, and private sectors in Dayton, Ohio, about the development of the region’s local food system. The researchers employed grounded theory methodology for data collection and analysis. Core themes from the participants of each sector group emerged from the data and areas of convergence and divergence among groups were reported.

News Of The Department Of Animal Science, Department Of Animal Science

Animal Science Newsletters

No abstract provided.

Qualitative Analysis Methods Review, Mona Mohamed, Mohamed Af Ragab, Amr Arisha

Reports

Qualitative research plays an important role in business research. The popular research methods that researchers used are; Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods. Researchers who conduct qualitative studies, often struggle to pick the best technique to analyse their data. This report aims to present six different methods that can be used to analyse qualitative data collected for business studies. A comparison between the techniques is found useful to present in order to help decision made by researchers who are embarking upon qualitative research studies. Qualitative Analysis Methods (QAM) can be used in some of the mixed-methods approaches as appropriate.

November 1, 2016 Ereporter, University Of Alabama At Birmingham

eReporter (campus newsletter)

No abstract provided.

Unquantified Benefits And The Problem Of Regulation Under Certainty, Jonathan S. Masur, Eric A. Posner

Cornell Law Review

No abstract provided.

Decisions, Decisions: Factors That Influence A Patient's Medical Tourism Choices, Louis K. Falk, Thomas J. Prinsen

Communication Faculty Publications

In the digital age, the amount of information and sources concerning Medical Tourism is overwhelming. Knowledge is power in an era of healthcare uncertainty. As health care options have grown in global proportions, it has become more difficult for potential patients to locate the material necessary to make informed decisions or to even know which factors to consider during their information search. Individual financial circumstances vary greatly. This paper suggests how medical tourism makes financial sense for many patients and payers. Proximity and culture play roles in that medical tourists may prefer locations that are not too far from home. …

Recovery For All? A Snapshot Of Women’S Economic Status In New England, Ann Bookman, Christa Kelleher, Kristin Smith

Publications from the Center for Women in Politics and Public Policy

This November 2016 report, based on pre-recession and post-recession earnings data from the American Community Survey, demonstrates that while women’s overall earnings are now higher than pre-recession levels, other key indicators demonstrate a growing wage gap for many women—especially minorities and low-wage workers.

Minority women in New England who are employed full-time, year-round earned 62 percent as much as white men, both before and after the recession. While the gap between minority women’s and white women’s earnings decreased in Maine, New Hampshire, and Rhode Island after the recession, it stayed the same in Massachusetts and widened in Connecticut and Vermont. …