Digital Commons Network^™

Inactivation Of Type I Ifn Jak-Stat Pathway In Ebv Latency, Shunbin Ning, Ling Wang

ETSU Faculty Works

Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) latent infection is associated with a variety of lymphomas and carcinomas. Interferon (IFN) Regulatory Factors (IRFs) are a family of transcription factors, among which IRF7 is the “master” regulator of type I IFNs (IFN-I) that defends against invading viruses. Robust IFN-I responses require a positive feedback loop between IRF7 and IFN-I. In recent years, we have discovered that IRF7 is significantly induced and activated by the principal EBV oncoprotein--Latent Membrane Protein 1 (LMP1); however, IRF7 fails to trigger robust IFN-I responses in EBV latency. We believe this intriguing finding is critical for EBV latency and oncogenesis, yet …

Effects Of Echinostoma Trivolvis Metacercariae Infection During Development And Metamorphosis Of The Wood Frog (Lithobates Sylvaticus), Sarah A. Orlofske, Lisa K. Belden, William A. Hopkins

Biology Faculty Publications

Many organisms face energetic trade-offs between defense against parasites and other host processes that may determine overall consequences of infection. These trade-offs may be particularly evident during unfavorable environmental conditions or energetically demanding life history stages. Amphibian metamorphosis, an ecologically important developmental period, is associated with drastic morphological and physiological changes and substantial energetic costs. Effects of the trematode parasite Echinostoma trivolvis have been documented during early amphibian development, but effects during later development and metamorphosis are largely unknown. Using a laboratory experiment, we examined the energetic costs of late development and metamorphosis coupled with E. trivolvis infection in wood …

Cultivating Minority Scientists: Undergraduate Research Increases Self-Efficacy And Career Ambitions For Underrepresented Students In Stem, Anthony Carpi, Darcy M. Ronan, Heather M. Falconer, Nathan H. Lents

Publications and Research

In this study, Social Cognitive Career Theory (SCCT) is used to explore changes in the career intentions of students in an undergraduate research experience (URE) program at a large public minority-serving college. Our URE model addresses the challenges of establishing an undergraduate research program within an urban, commuter, underfunded, Minority-Serving Institution (MSI). However, our model reaches beyond a focus on retention and remediation toward scholarly contributions and shifted career aspirations. From a student’s first days at the College to beyond their graduation, we have encouraged them to explore their own potential as scientists in a coordinated, sequential, and self-reflective process. …

Stimuli Responsive Fluidics Controls On A Paper-Based Bacterial Detection Platform, Siyu Zhao, Elizabeth Phillips, Jacqueline Linnes

The Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowship (SURF) Symposium

Infectious diseases are the leading causes of death around the world. Point-of-care devices using nucleic acid amplification are sensitive enough to diagnose these diseases, however, often require complex and time-intensive sample preparation steps that are not integrated with the detection process. A rapid, sensitive, and integrated sample-to-result diagnostic device will permit disease treatment planning at the point-of-care. Paper-based detection assays are a promising platform to integrate the sample preparation and detection, with minimal infrastructure, equipment, and user involvement. To integrate sample preparation with detection on paper-based assays, timing and delivery of sample fluid flow needs to be controlled. Here we …

The Right For Autonomy, The Duty Of Disclosure And Public Health Considerations – The 2013 Polio Crisis In Israel As A Case Study, Dr. Nili Karako Eyal

Pace Law Review

Despite sharing the same theoretical framework of discussion with other papers, this paper addresses an ethical and legal issue that has received little attention in academic and public discourse: the duty of disclosure in the context of vaccinations. In particular, the paper addresses the question whether public health considerations provide a justification for restricting the duty of disclosure in the case of vaccination.

Delimitating the research question to the issue of disclosure has several implications. First, the decision to vaccinate the population with bOPV as describe above and the decision to adopt a voluntary vaccination policy are not the focus …

First Detection Of Bat White-Nose Syndrome In Western North America, Jeffrey M. Lorch, Jonathan M. Palmer, Daniel L. Lindner

KIP Articles

White-nose syndrome (WNS) is an emerging fungal disease of bats caused by Pseudogymnoascus destructans. Since it was first detected near Albany, NY, in 2006, the fungus has spread across eastern North America, killing unprecedented numbers of hibernating bats. The devastating impacts of WNS on Nearctic bat species are attributed to the likely introduction of P. destructans from Eurasia to naive host populations in eastern North America. Since 2006, the disease has spread in a gradual wavelike pattern consistent with introduction of the pathogen at a single location. Here, we describe the first detection of P. destructans in western North America …

Surveillance, Epidemiological, And Virological Detection Of Highly Pathogenic H5n1 Avian Influenza Viruses In Duck And Poultry From Bangladesh, Wahedul Karim Ansari, Md Safiullah Parvej, Mohamed E. El Zowalaty, Sally Jackson, Stephen A. Bustin, Adel K. Ibrahim, Md Tanvir Rahman, Han Zhang, Mohammad Ferdousur Rahman Khan, Md Mostakin Ahamd, Md. Fasiur Rahman, Marzia Rahman, Khm Nazmul H. Nazir, Sultan Ahmed, Md Liakot Hossenn, Md Abdul Kafi, Mat Yamage, Nitish C. Debnath, Graba Ahmed, Hossam Ashour, Md Masoud, Ayman Noreddin, Md B. Rahman

Pharmacy Faculty Articles and Research

Avian influenza viruses (AIVs) continue to pose a global threat. Waterfowl are the main reservoir and are responsible for the spillover of AIVs to other hosts. This study was conducted as part of routine surveillance activities in Bangladesh and it reports on the serological and molecular detection of H5N1 AIV subtype. A total of 2169 cloacal and 2191 oropharyngeal swabs as well as 1725 sera samples were collected from live birds including duck and chicken in different locations in Bangladesh between the years of 2013 and 2014. Samples were tested using virus isolation, serological tests and molecular methods of RT-PCR. …

Multipronged Approach To Study Glaucoma-Associated Phenotypes, Sumana Rameshbabu Chintalapudi

Theses and Dissertations (ETD)

Glaucoma refers to a group of conditions characterized by death of RGCs, increase in intraocular pressure is usually a precursor to glaucoma and irreversible optic neuropathy leads to visual impairment and blindness. Recent advances have seen a surge of new ideas and technologies to aid in the early detection, efficacious treatments and neuroprotection. Despite advances we face several challenges in understanding the pathophysiology of glaucoma. One of the many challenges scientists and ophthalmologists are facing is, to better understand IOP, its role in glaucomatous damage and design safer, more predictable IOP-lowering therapies. Another challenge is to find a practical method …

Mathematical Model Of Vaccine Noncompliance, Alex Capaldi, Jordan Bauer

Mathematics and Statistics Faculty Publications

Vaccine scares can prevent individuals from complying with a vaccination program. When compliance is high, the critical vaccination proportion is close to being met, and herd immunity occurs, bringing the disease incidence to extremely low levels. Thus, the risk to vaccinate may seem greater than the risk of contracting the disease, inciting vaccine noncompliance. A previous behavior-incidence ordinary differential equation model shows both social learning and feedback contributing to changes in vaccinating behavior, where social learning is the perceived risk of vaccinating and feedback repre- sents new cases of the disease. In our study, we compared several candidate models to …

Determination Of Dimethyl Trisulfide In Rabbit Blood Using Stir Bar Sorptive Extraction Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry, Erica Mananadhar, Nujud Maslamani, Ilona Petrikovics, Gary A. Rockwood, Brian A. Logue

Chemistry and Biochemistry Faculty Publications

Cyanide poisoning by accidental or intentional exposure poses a severe health risk. The current Food and Drug Administration approved antidotes for cyanide poisoning can be effective, but each suffers from specific major limitations concerning large effective dosage, delayed onset of action, or dependence on enzymes generally confined to specific organs. Dimethyl trisulfide (DMTS), a sulfur donor that detoxifies cyanide by converting it into thiocyanate (a relatively nontoxic cyanide metabolite), is a promising next generation cyanide antidote. Although a validated analytical method to analyze DMTS from any matrix is not currently available, one will be vital for the approval of DMTS …

Progress Notes, Lehigh Valley Health Network

Progress Notes

No abstract provided.

A Review Of Management Of Inflammation In The Hiv Population, Jihad Slim, Christopher Saling

NYMC Faculty Publications

Advancements in antiretroviral therapy have drastically increased the life expectancy for those infected with HIV. Today, a new subgroup of older patients with long-term controlled HIV exists, and its populace is continuously mounting. Therefore, it is essential to understand the enduring effects of chronic suppressed HIV infection in order to further improve HIV management in these patients. This paper will examine the role of HIV in chronic inflammation and immune dysfunction, the dynamic interaction that exists between comorbidity and HIV, and the potential consequences of long-term antiretroviral therapy in an effort to provide the best management options for the virally …

Investigating The Infection And Persistence Of Sindbis Virus In Host Neurons, Gavin Schroter, Sally Hall, Monica Borucki

STAR Program Research Presentations

Sindbis virus, an Alphavirus in the Togaviridae family, is an enveloped, single-stranded positive-sense RNA virus. Found mostly in parts of Africa, Australia, Egypt, Philippines, and Northern Europe – it is known to cause Ockelbo or Pogosta disease [1]. This disease is characterized by the sudden onset of fever, headache, and arthralgia; followed by arthritis, rash, fatigue, and muscle pain. The symptoms are gone within 14 days, though cases have shown joint pain to last from 12 months to 2 and a half years [4]. Common to several other viruses, Sindbis is transmitted from birds (its reservoir) to humans via an …

Hepatic Fibrosis And Immune Phenotype Vary By Hcv Viremia In Hcv/Hiv Co-Infected Subjects: A Women's Interagency Hiv Study., Seema N Desai, Jennifer L Dodge, Alan L Landay, Marshall J Glesby, Patricia S. Latham, Maria C Villacres, Audrey L French, Stephen J Gange, Ruth M Greenblatt, Marion G Peters

Pathology Faculty Publications

HCV and HIV independently lead to immune dysregulation. The mechanisms leading to advanced liver disease progression in HCV/HIV coinfected subjects remain unclear.

In this cross-sectional study, we assessed the association of HCV viremia, liver fibrosis, and immune response patterns in well-characterized HIV phenotypes: Elite controllers (Elites), HIV controlled (ARTc), and HIV uncontrolled (ARTuc) matched by age and race. Groups were stratified by HCV RNA status. Regulatory T-cell frequencies, T-cell activation (HLADR+CD38+), apoptosis (Caspase-3+), and intracellular cytokines (interferon-γ, IL-2, IL-17) were assessed using multiparametric flow-cytometry. Liver fibrosis was scored by AST to platelet ratio index (APRI).

We found liver fibrosis (APRI) …

Research Opportunities With Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, Aug 9, Ohio University College Of Arts & Sciences

All Forum Articles

No abstract provided.

Multiple Sclerosis Risk Loci And Disease Severity In 7,125 Individuals From 10 Studies., Michaela George, Farren B. S. Briggs, Xiaorong Shao, Milena A. Gianfrancesco, Ingrid Kockum, Hanne F. Harbo, Elisabeth G. Celius, Steffan D. Bos, Anna Hedström, Ling Shen, Allan Bernstein, Lars Alfredsson, Jan Hillert, Tomas Olsson, Nikolaos A. Patsopoulos, Philip L. De Jager, Annette B. Oturai, Helle B. Søndergaard, Finn Sellebjerg, Per S. Sorensen, Refujia Gomez, Stacy J. Caillier, Bruce A. C. Cree, Jorge R. Oksenberg, Stephen L. Hauser, Sandra D'Alfonso, Maurizio A. Leone, Filippo Martinelli Boneschi, Melissa Sorosina, Ingrid Van Der Mei, Bruce V. Taylor, Yuan Zhou, Catherine Schaefer, Lisa F. Barcellos

Global Public Health | Faculty Scholarship

OBJECTIVE: We investigated the association between 52 risk variants identified through genome-wide association studies and disease severity in multiple sclerosis (MS).

METHODS: Ten unique MS case data sets were analyzed. The Multiple Sclerosis Severity Score (MSSS) was calculated using the Expanded Disability Status Scale at study entry and disease duration. MSSS was considered as a continuous variable and as 2 dichotomous variables (median and extreme ends; MSSS of ≤5 vs >5 and MSSS of

RESULTS: A total of 7,125 MS cases were analyzed. The wGRS and GRS were not strongly associated with disease severity after accounting for cohort, sex, age …

Implementing Good Practices Programs To Encourage Production Of High-Quality, Safer Produce In Mississippi, Barakat S.M. Mahmoud, Eric T. Stafne, Christine H. Coker, Gary R. Bachman

Journal of Extension

Fifty-four growers/producers attended four 1-day good agricultural practices (GAP) and good handling practices (GHP) workshops at four locations in Mississippi. Pre- and postworkshop survey data indicated that the participants' food safety knowledge increased by 15%. Furthermore, the workshops helped producers develop their own food safety plans. The workshops also trained the producers to be prepared for U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) GAP and GHP audits. To assist producers in preparing for these audits, two mock audits were conducted after the workshops. As a result of the program, several producers became ready to be audited, and at least one producer became …

Getting Growers To Go Digital: The Power Of A Positive User Experience, Brian P. Mccornack, Wendy A. Johnson

Journal of Extension

Using web-based applications is an innovative approach for delivery of Extension resources. For example, myFields.info is a mobile-friendly application focused on directing stakeholders to information at the field level. Acceptance and diffusion of such applications depends on initial experiences resulting from traditional face-to-face interactions with Extension personnel. We found that crop school participants involved in an Extension training event for a web-based sampling plan showed increased willingness after the training to incorporate sampling plans in their management decisions and share relevant data with others. Specifically, our study demonstrated the value of providing hands-on experience when attempting to encourage stakeholders to …

Reproductive Numbers For Periodic Epidemic Systems, Christopher David Mitchell

Mathematics Dissertations - Archive

When using mathematics to study epidemics, often times the goal is to deter- mine when an infection can invade and persist within a population. This can be done in a variety of ways but the most common is to use threshold quantities called reproductive numbers. For models with only one infection, the basic reproductive number (BRN) is used to determine the stability of the disease-free equilibrium. For many years this was done solely for autonomous systems; however, many diseases exhibit seasonal behavior. If this seasonality is incorporated into models, it gives nonautonomous systems, which while more accurate in their description, …

Peptoanaerobacter Stomatis Interactions With Neutrophils., Emeri Jimenez Flores

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Peptoanaerobacter stomatis is a newly appreciated taxon, present in high numbers in oral biofilms from periodontal patients. However, little is known about this organism’s potential virulence and its interaction with the host immune response. Therefore, to better understand the role of P. stomatis in periodontitis, we studied its interactions with neutrophils. Human neutrophils were challenged with P. stomatis strain CM2 or S. aureus AF488 (positive control) for 30 min. Bacterial internalization was examined by ImageStreamX imaging flow cytometry. Bacterial viability was assessed by colony-forming unit assays and Baclight assays. Phagocytosis-stimulated respiratory burst response was measured by flow cytometry. The fusion …

Cannabinoids Suppress The Innate Immune Response To Periodontal Pathogen Porphyromonas Gingivalis In Gingival Epithelial Cells., Rajarshi Guha Niyogi

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Marijuana is widely used in the United States for recreational and medicinal purposes. Despite the proposed beneficial effects of cannabis on certain medical conditions, there is also a concern there is also a concern over negative health consequences of marijuana smoking. Recently, cannabis use has been established as a dose related risk factor for chronic periodontitis. Although the induction / exacerbation of chronic periodontitis in marijuana users has been established epidemiologically, the mechanisms underlying such predisposition are still unknown. It has long been suggested that marijuana has anti-inflammatory properties, while human epithelial cells are known to express cannabinoid receptor type …

Characterization Of Pg1604 (Porz) As An Essential Component Of Type 9 Secretion System In Porphyromonas Gingivalis., Apurva Tadimari Prabhakar

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Background: The numerous virulence factors of Porphyromonas gingivalis are essential for the organism to invade host tissues while escaping immune responses [1, 2]. Some of these factors, like major proteases referred to as gingipains, are secreted by a unique secretion system called PerioGate or Type IX Secretion System (T9SS). T9SS consists of a number of membrane and periplasmic proteins, which provide transportation only for proteins that possess a conserved C-terminal domain (CTD). The CTD functions as a specific recognition signal for the T9SS. PG1604 of P. gingivalis W83 is a CTD-containing protein, which has been shown in our initial studies …

A Two-Strain Tb Model With Multiple Latent Stages, Azizeh Jabbari, Carlos Castillo-Chavez, Fereshteh Nazari, Baojun Song, Hossein Kheiri

Department of Applied Mathematics and Statistics Faculty Scholarship and Creative Works

A two-strain tuberculosis (TB) transmission model incorporating antibiotic-generated TB resistant strains and long and variable waiting periods within the latently infected class is introduced. The mathematical analysis is carried out when the waiting periods are modeled via parametrically friendly gamma distributions, a reasonable alternative to the use of exponential distributed waiting periods or to integral equations involving "arbitrary" distributions. The model supports a globally-asymptotically stable disease-free equilibrium when the reproduction number is less than one and an endemic equilibriums, shown to be locally asymptotically stable, or l.a.s., whenever the basic reproduction number is greater than one. Conditions for the existence …

Understanding Nutritional Habits Of Refugees From Burma, Brian Blake Davis

Social Work Theses - Archive

This research study examines the nutritional practices of a 21-year-old Karen, female, refugee. All aspects of nutritional practices are examined, including favorite foods, differences between foods due to geographical region, where food is acquired, and familial practices. Grounded theory was used to examine a single, transcribed, interview, for emerging themes. Two researchers coded the data for themes, and then data was compared for accuracy. Results help to highlight an in-depth analysis of a Karen refugee, and can be used to compare and contrast the nutritional practices of other refugees from Burma. Emerging themes include eating habits, food access, and acquisition, …

Antibacterial Drug Design And Discovery Via Vitamin B1 Biosynthetic Pathway, Abu Afzal Mohammad Shakar

Chemistry & Biochemistry Theses - Archive

Antibiotics play a vital role in fighting infectious disease caused by bacterial species. Antimicrobial resistance has been shown for every current antibiotic and poses a major health risk. To combat these growing threats to human health; new molecules must be investigated to treat bacterial infection. Chemical inhibition of the vitamin B1 biosynthetic pathway in the bacterial cell was hypothesized to inhibit the survival of bacteria. A series of synthetic molecules, which resemble metabolites of the vitamin B1 pathway, exhibit the inhibition of specific enzymes within this pathway and display initial activity against bacterial growth and survival. The beneficial activity of …

Abetting Mass Prison Escape: A Defense, David W. Frank

University of Miami Race & Social Justice Law Review

No abstract provided.

Diabetes, Insulin Secretion, And Beta Cell Function, Jeffery Tessem

BYU Research Development Office Research Networking Conference

The intricate processes of nutrient metabolism and their biochemical pathways are fundamental to understanding human physiology and health. This research focuses on exploring the biochemical mechanisms underlying nutrient metabolism and how deviations in these processes can lead to metabolic disorders and associated human diseases.

Guideline For Stakeholder Engagement On Aquatic Resource Management-Related Processes, Department Of Fisheries

Fisheries Occasional Publications

No abstract provided.

Changing Climate And Changing Doctrine: Howgreenhouse Gases Have Polluted The Epa’S Clean Airact Authority And How To Clean It Up, Nick Kunkel

LSU Journal of Energy Law and Resources

No abstract provided.

Pharmacy Newsletter : August 2016, Pharmacy Department

Department of Pharmacy Archives

Content:

• Pharmacy Help Desk Service.
• New Guidelines for the Management of Aspergillosis
• Overview of New CHEST Antithrombotic Guideline for Treatment of VTE (10th Edition)
• Immunization against Pneumococcal
• FDA Warnings 2016