Digital Commons Network^™

An Overview Of State Criteria For Declaring A Public Health Emergency, Fernando A. Wilson, Nizar K. Wehbi, Kavita Mosalpuria

Reports: Center for Health Policy

No abstract provided.

Recent Strategies To Improve Community Case Management Of Diarrhea Among Children Under Five In Developing Countries, Fauziah Rabbani, Aysha Zahidie

Community Health Sciences

No abstract provided.

For A Public-Private Partnership To Achieve Migrant Health Equality In Morocco: A Cross-Analysis Of Integration Policies And Migrant Peer Educator Programs, Victoria Anders

Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection

Since the Moroccan Ministry in Charge of Moroccans Living Abroad and Migration Affairs (MRE) released its National Strategy on Immigration and Asylum in December 2014, MRE has put forth various policies and action plans to improve migrant integration in Morocco, including the need for their integration into the national healthcare system. Before that, most of the needs of the growing migrant population in Morocco were provided for by civil society and non-governmental organizations, who worked with severely underserved and isolated migrants often fearful and distrusting of the government and authorities. To overcome this resentment, these organizations had to develop community …

Animal Science E-Newsletter, October 2016, University Of Arkansas, Fayetteville. Department Of Animal Sciences

Animal Science e-Newsletter

No abstract provided.

Reassurance Or Reason For Concern: Security Forces As A Crisis Management Strategy, Oliver Cruz-Milán, Joseph J. Simpson, Penny M. Simpson, Wonseok Choi

International Business and Entrepreneurship Faculty Publications

This paper examines effects of the deployment of security forces to a popular winter migrant destination faced with a unique humanitarian crisis situation. The study surveyed past winter migrants to the region to evaluate their perceptions regarding sociocultural, economic, and psychological impacts of security forces deployed to the region. In addition, this study evaluates the deployment's impact on satisfaction with life in the region, return intention and likelihood of recommending the region to others to find that perceived safety from the security forces significantly affected community factors and that satisfaction with life fully mediated community factor effects on destination loyalty. …

Post-Transplant Outcomes In High-Risk Compared With Non-High-Risk Multiple Myeloma: A Cibmtr Analysis., Emma C. Scott, Parameswaran Hari, Manish Sharma, Jennifer Le-Rademacher, Jiaxing Huang, Dan Vogl, Muneer Abidi, Amer Beitinjaneh, Henry Fung, Siddhartha Ganguly, Gerhard Hildebrandt, Leona Holmberg, Matt Kalaycio, Shaji Kumar, Robert Kyle, Hillard Lazarus, Cindy Lee, Richard T. Maziarz, Kenneth Meehan, Joseph Mikhael, Taiga Nishihori, Muthalagu Ramanathan, Saad Usmani, Jason Tay, David Vesole, Baldeep Wirk, Jean Yared, Bipin N. Savani, Cristina Gasparetto, Amrita Krishnan, Tomer Mark, Yago Nieto, Anita D'Souza

Department of Medical Oncology Faculty Papers

Conventional cytogenetics and interphase fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) identify high-risk multiple myeloma (HRM) populations characterized by poor outcomes. We analyzed these differences among HRM versus non-HRM populations after upfront autologous hematopoietic cell transplantation (autoHCT). Between 2008 and 2012, 715 patients with multiple myeloma identified by FISH and/or cytogenetic data with upfront autoHCT were identified in the Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research database. HRM was defined as del17p, t(4;14), t(14;16), hypodiploidy (-Y) or chromosome 1 p and 1q abnormalities; all others were non-HRM. Among 125 HRM patients (17.5%), induction with bortezomib and immunomodulatory agents (imids) was higher …

Performance Of Point-Of-Care Cd4 Testing Technologies In Resource-Constrained Settings: A Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis, Minh D. Pham, Paul A. Agius, Lorena Romero, Peter Mcglynn, David Anderson, Suzanne M. Crowe, Stanley Luchters

Population Health, East Africa

Background: Point-of-care (POC) CD4 testing increases patient accessibility to assessment of antiretroviral therapy eligibility. This review evaluates field performance in low and middle-income countries (LMICs) of currently available POC CD4 technologies.

Methods: Eight electronic databases were searched for field studies published between January 2005 and January 2015 of six POC CD4 platforms: PointCare NOW™, Alere Pima™ CD4, Daktari™ CD4 Counter, CyFlow® CD4 miniPOC, BD FACSPresto™, and MyT4™ CD4. Due to limited data availability, meta-analysis was conducted only for diagnostic performance of Pima at a threshold of 350 cells/μl, applying a bivariate multi-level random-effects modelling approach. A covariate extended model was …

Epidemiology Of Hpv Genotypes Among Hiv Positive Women In Kenya: A Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis, Sonia Menon, Aibibula Wusiman, Marie Claude Boily, Mbabazi Kariisa, Hillary Mabeya, Stanley Luchters, Frode Forland, Rodolfo Rossi, Steven Callens, Davy Vanden Broeck

Population Health, East Africa

Background: There is a scarcity of data on the distribution of human papillomavirus (HPV) genotypes in the HIV positive population and in invasive cervical cancer (ICC) in Kenya. This may be different from genotypes found in abnormal cytology. Yet, with the advent of preventive HPV vaccines that target HPV 16 and 18, and the nonavalent vaccine targeting 90% of all ICC cases, such HPV genotype distribution data are indispensable for predicting the impact of vaccination and HPV screening on prevention. Even with a successful vaccination program, vaccinated women will still require screening to detect those who will develop ICC from …

Hiv/Aids Prevention: Educating Future Generations, Carmella Williams

All Student Theses and Dissertations

The purpose of this study was to discover if implementing more educational interventions on HIV/AIDS would lead to lower incidents of HIV/AIDS among youth. A quantitative research design was used to determine the level of knowledge, perceptions, and attitudes of high school students in regard to HIV/AIDS. The targeted population were youth ages 14-18 years old, which are generally high school students who are at risk of contracting HIV/AIDS. Participants in this study were students from Human Resources Development Institute’s Teen Pregnancy Prevention Program at Harper High School in Chicago, Illinois. The researcher administered questionnaires to the students at Harper …

Learning Opportunities 2016/2017, Illinois Mathematics And Science Academy

Course Catalogs

The graduation requirements of the Illinois Mathematics and Science Academy are in concert with those maintained by the State of Illinois with additional requirements as established by the IMSA Board of Trustees. Each semester students must take a minimum of 5 academic courses (2.5 credits) for a grade (not Pass/Fail). Fine Arts, Wellness, and Independent Study courses, or any course taken on a Pass/Fail basis do not count towards the 5 course (2.5 credits) minimum. Most students will take between 5 (2.5 credits) and 7 (3.5 credits) academic courses per semester. Only courses taken for a letter grade will count …

An Unusual Pathogen Causing Native Valve Endocarditis., Aneela Hussain, Nosheen Nasir, Bushra Jamil

Department of Medicine

No abstract provided.

Chbe 9335a - Global Health And Preparedness, Andrew Hansen

College of Public Health: Faculty Syllabi (2014-2021)

This course will focus on global public health and preparedness for domestic and global emergencies. Students will explore patterns of health and disease around the world, and compare them to public health issues in the United States. An ecological framework will be employed to illustrate the complex political, social, economic, and environmental determinants of global health inequity. Concepts from the social sciences, epidemiology, health systems, and policymaking will be incorporated. The course will emphasize issues related to humanitarian emergencies and natural disasters both globally and domestically, and the need to build public health infrastructure and preparedness to mitigate them.

Redbird Scholar, Vol. 2, No.1 (Fall 2016), Illinois State University, Office Of The Vice President For Research And Graduate Studies

Redbird Scholar

No abstract provided.

A Study Of Visible Tattoos In Entry-Level Dental Hygiene Education Programs, Kathryn R. Search

Dental Hygiene Theses & Dissertations

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to survey entry-level dental hygiene program directors in the United States to assess their perceptions of dental hygienists with visible tattoos as well as their satisfaction with current program tattoo polices. Methods: After IRB approval, a 14-item survey was administered online to 340 entry-level dental hygiene programs. Participants used a seven-point Likert type scale ranging from strongly disagree (1) to strongly agree (7), to indicate their opinions of visible tattoos on the basis of professionalism, concern within the school, dress code policy satisfaction, tolerance toward visible tattoos, whether tattoos needed to be covered, …

Abiotic Factors Contributing To The Survival Of Three Tick Species In Southeastern Virginia, Amblyomma Americanum (Lone Star Tick), Dermacentor Variabilis (American Dog Tick), And Amblyomma Maculatum (Gulf Coast Tick), Lindsey A. Bidder

Biological Sciences Theses & Dissertations

Amblyomma americanum, Amblyomma maculatum, and Dermacentor variabilis are hard-bodied ticks in the Hampton Roads area of southeastern Virginia. This study consisted of two field projects focused on these tick species. To estimate the off-host survival of local tick species, a capture-mark-recapture (CMR) study was performed. An environmental survival study was performed to quantify the ability of these three tick species to survive in situ. Four field sites were used in the Hampton Roads region covering a variety of habitat types and vegetation; specifically two drier, upland field sites and two flood-prone sites. CMR was conducted from May through …

Intersecting Motivations For Leaving Abusive Relationships, Substance Abuse, And Transactional Sex Among Hiv High-Risk Women, Naomi S. David, Sophia A. Hussen, Dawn L. Comeau, Ameeta S. Kalokhe

Journal of the Georgia Public Health Association

Background: Women bear a significant burden of the HIV epidemic in the United States. Women classified as ‘HIV high-risk’ often bring co-existing histories of intimate partner violence (IPV), drug use, and transactional sex. To help inform future comprehensive HIV prevention strategies, we aimed to explore common motivating reasons and barriers to leaving and/or terminating engagement in each of these riskpromoting situations.

Methods: Between August and November 2014, in-depth interviews were conducted with 14 HIV high-risk women in Atlanta, Georgia who had experienced IPV in the previous 12 months, and used drugs and/or engaged in transactional sex in the previous five …

Civic Engagement Among Orphans And Non-Orphans In Five Low- And Middle-Income Countries, Christine L. Gray, Brian W. Pence, Lynne C. Messer, Jan Ostermann, Rachel A. Whetten, Nathan M. Thielman, Karen O'Donnell, Kathryn Whetten

OHSU-PSU School of Public Health Faculty Publications and Presentations

Background: Communities and nations seeking to foster social responsibility in their youth are interested in understanding factors that predict and promote youth involvement in public activities. Orphans and separated children (OSC) are a vulnerable population whose numbers are increasing, particularly in resource-poor settings. Understanding whether and how OSC are engaged in civic activities is important for community and world leaders who need to provide care for OSC and ensure their involvement in sustainable development.

Methods: The Positive Outcomes for Orphans study (POFO) is a multi-country, longitudinal cohort study of OSC randomly sampled from institution-based care and from family-based care, and …

Use Of A Multiplex Transcript Method For Analysis Of Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Gene Expression Profiles In The Cystic Fibrosis Lung, Alex H. Gifford, Sven D. Willger, Emily L. Dolben, Lisa A. Moulton, Dana Dorman, Heather Bean, Jane Hill, Thomas Hampton, Alix Ashare, Deborah Hogan

Dartmouth Scholarship

The discovery of therapies that modulate Pseudomonas aeruginosa virulence or that can eradicate chronic P. aeruginosa lung infections associated with cystic fibrosis (CF) will be advanced by an improved understanding of P. aeruginosa behavior in vivo We demonstrate the use of multiplexed Nanostring technology to monitor relative abundances of P. aeruginosa transcripts across clinical isolates, in serial samples, and for the purposes of comparing microbial physiology in vitro and in vivo The expression of 75 transcripts encoded by genes implicated in CF lung disease was measured in a variety of P. aeruginosa strains as well as RNA serial sputum samples …

Pyrimidine Pathway-Dependent And -Independent Functions Of The Toxoplasma Gondii Mitochondrial Dihydroorotate Dehydrogenase, Miryam Andrea Hortua Triana, Daniela Cajiao Herrera, Barbara H. Zimmermann, Barbara A. Fox, David Bzik

Dartmouth Scholarship

Dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH) mediates the fourth step of de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis and is a proven drug target for inducing immunosuppression in therapy of human disease as well as a rapidly emerging drug target for treatment of malaria. In Toxoplasma gondii, disruption of the first, fifth, or sixth step of de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis induced uracil aux- otrophy. However, previous attempts to generate uracil auxotrophy by genetically deleting the mitochondrion-associated DHODH of T. gondii (Tg DHODH) failed. To further address the essentiality of Tg DHODH, mutant gene alleles deficient in Tg DHODH activity were designed to ablate the enzyme activity. …

Bacterobilia In Acute Cholecystitis: Bile Cultures' Isolates, Antibiotic Sensitivities And Antibiotic Usage. A Study On A Pakistani Population, Yousaf Bashir Hadi, Muhammad Waqas, Hafiz Muhammad Umer,, Ammar Alam, Abdul Rehman Alvi, Muhammad Rizwan Khan, Amir Hafeez Shariff

Department of Surgery Docs

Acute cholecystitis is one of the most common acute surgical conditions. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy remains the mainstay of treatment. In patients managed non-operatively, antibiotics play an important role in the treatment of cholecystitis. The current retrospective observational study was conducted at a tertiary care hospital in Karachi, and comprised medical records of patients admitted between 2008 and 2014with acute cholecystitis and in whom bile cultures were obtained. Of the 509 patients with a mean age of 51.15 ± 13.4years, early laparoscopic cholecystectomy (within 72hours) was performed on 473(92.9%) cases, while the rest underwent percutaneous cholecystostomy. Bile cultureswere positive in 171(33.6%) patients. …

Bacterobilia In Acute Cholecystitis: Bile Cultures' Isolates, Antibiotic Sensitivities And Antibiotic Usage. A Study On A Pakistani Population, Yousaf Bashir Hadi, Muhammad Waqas, Hafiz Muhammad Umer,, Ammar Alam, Abdul Rehman Alvi, Muhammad Rizwan Khan, Amir Hafeez Shariff

Department of Surgery Docs

Acute cholecystitis is one of the most common acute surgical conditions. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy remains the mainstay of treatment. In patients managed non-operatively, antibiotics play an important role in the treatment of cholecystitis. The current retrospective observational study was conducted at a tertiary care hospital in Karachi, and comprised medical records of patients admitted between 2008 and 2014with acute cholecystitis and in whom bile cultures were obtained. Of the 509 patients with a mean age of 51.15 ± 13.4years, early laparoscopic cholecystectomy (within 72hours) was performed on 473(92.9%) cases, while the rest underwent percutaneous cholecystostomy. Bile cultureswere positive in 171(33.6%) patients. …

Agenda, Lehigh Valley Health Network

Fleming Infection Prevention and Infectious Disease Symposium

No abstract provided.

Providing Care For Many In The Context Of Few Resources: Secondary Traumatic Stress, Burnout And Moral Distress Experienced By Healthcare Providers In Rural Uganda, Lauren Michelle Dewey

Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects

In the context of the global nursing shortage, and particularly in low-resource settings, nurses are at an increased risk for work-related stress problems like secondary traumatic stress (STS), burnout, and moral distress. These three work-related mental health consequences, sometimes associated with absenteeism and intent to leave the profession, could potentially contribute further to the shortage of nurses. This two-part study is a longitudinal examination of the work-related mental health consequences experienced by healthcare providers in rural Uganda. In Study 1, participants (n=208; 159 students and 49 experienced health workers) completed self-report, psychosocial measures at baseline and 134 of the students …

Viral Zoonoses That Fly With Bats: A Review, Alfonso Calderon, Camilo Guzman, Jorge Salazar-Bravo, Luiz Tadeu Figueiredo, Salim Mattar, German Arrieta

MANTER: Journal of Parasite Biodiversity

Emerging infectious diseases are a growing threat to human health and a great challenge for global medical attention systems. Governmental agencies in tropical regions with abundant zoonotic pathogens should implement an active vigilance/monitoring model in bat reservoir populations because of their species richness, abundance and dispersal capabilities. Chiropterans represent approximately 20% of all mammal species, the second largest order in terms of number of species after rodents. Importantly, bats constitute natural reservoirs for potential infection of humans of several infectious disease agents such as Coronavirus, Filovirus, Lyssavirus, Paramyxovirus, and Flavivirus. Local disease outbreaks caused by new pathogens can …

Computerized Classification Of Surface Spikes In Three-Dimensional Electron Microscopic Reconstructions Of Viruses, Younes Benkarroum

Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects

The purpose of this research is to develop computer techniques for improved three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction of viruses from electron microscopic images of them and for the subsequent improved classification of the surface spikes in the resulting reconstruction. The broader impact of such work is the following.

Influenza is an infectious disease caused by rapidly-changing viruses that appear seasonally in the human population. New strains of influenza viruses appear every year, with the potential to cause a serious global pandemic. Two kinds of spikes – hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) – decorate the surface of the virus particles and these proteins …

Potential For Task-Sharing To Lady Health Workers For Identification And Emergency Management Of Pre-Eclampsia At Community Level In Pakistan, Rehana A. Salam, Rahat Najam Qureshi, Sana Sheikh, Asif Raza Khowaja, Diane Sawchuck, Marianne Vidler, Peter Von Dadelszen, Shujaat Zaidi, Zulfiqar Bhutta

Department of Paediatrics and Child Health

Background: An estimated 276 Pakistani women die for every 100,000 live births; with eclampsia accounting for about 10% of these deaths. Community health workers contribute to the existing health system in Pakistan under the banner of the Lady Health Worker (LHW) Programme and are responsible to provide a comprehensive package of antenatal services. However, there is a need to increase focus on early identification and prompt diagnosis of pre-eclampsia in community settings, since women with mild pre-eclampsia often present without symptoms. This study aims to explore the potential for task-sharing to LHWs for the community-level management of pre-eclampsia and eclampsia …

Synthesis, Self-Assembly, And Immunological Activity Of Α-Galactose-Functionalized Dendron–Lipid Amphiphiles, John Trant, Namrata Jain, D. M. Mazzuca, J Trevor Mcintosh, Bo Fan, S M Mansour Haeryfar, Sebastien Lecommandoux, Elizabeth Gillies

Chemistry Publications

Nanoassemblies presenting multivalent displays of biologically active carbohydrates are of significant interest for a wide array of biomedical applications ranging from drug delivery to immunotherapy. In this study, glycodendron–lipid hybrids were developed as a new and tunable class of dendritic amphiphiles. A modular synthesis was used to prepare dendron–lipid hybrids comprising distearylglycerol and 0 through 4th generation polyester dendrons with peripheral protected amines. Following deprotection of the amines, an isothiocyanate derivative of C-linked α-galactose (α-Gal) was conjugated to the dendron peripheries, affording amphiphiles with 1 to 16 α-Gal moieties. Self-assembly in …

Human Metapneumovirus Induces Reorganization Of The Actin Cytoskeleton For Direct Cell-To-Cell Spread, Farah El Najjar, Nicolás Cifuentes-Muñoz, Jing Chen, Haining Zhu, Ursula J. Buchholz, Carole L. Moncman, Rebecca Ellis Dutch

Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry Faculty Publications

Paramyxovirus spread generally involves assembly of individual viral particles which then infect target cells. We show that infection of human bronchial airway cells with human metapneumovirus (HMPV), a recently identified paramyxovirus which causes significant respiratory disease, results in formation of intercellular extensions and extensive networks of branched cell-associated filaments. Formation of these structures is dependent on actin, but not microtubule, polymerization. Interestingly, using a co-culture assay we show that conditions which block regular infection by HMPV particles, including addition of neutralizing antibodies or removal of cell surface heparan sulfate, did not prevent viral spread from infected to new target cells. …

Establishment Of A Quantitative Real-Time Pcr For Detecting Vvha Gene In Vibrio Vulnificus, Li Dandan, Xu Yigang, Qiu Suoping, Wang Yu, Gao Huijiang, Gao Shenyang

Food and Machinery

To establish a rapid assay for Vibrio vulnificus (V. vulnificus) detection, a quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) method was developed targeting vvhA gene of V. vulnificus . The results showed that the tests for 15 strains of different bacteria by using this method, only the ones of V. vulnificus were positive, indicating high specificity of qRT-PCR. Moreover, the sensitivity of this specific method was 15 CFU/mL. Further stability and reproducibility test results showed that the coefficient of variation of Ct values of four duplicates were less than 2%. In addition, a total 2 positive samples for V. vulnificus were detected from …

Immune- And Nonimmune-Compartment-Specific Interferon Responses Are Critical Determinants Of Herpes Simplex Virus-Induced Generalized Infections And Acute Liver Failure, Zachary M. Parker, Tracy Jo Pasieka, George A. Parker, David A. Leib

Dartmouth Scholarship

The interferon (IFN) response to viral pathogens is critical for host survival. In humans and mouse models, defects in IFN responses can result in lethal herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) infections, usually from encephalitis. Although rare, HSV-1 can also cause fulminant hepatic failure, which is often fatal. Although herpes simplex encephalitis has been extensively studied, HSV-1 generalized infections and subsequent acute liver failure are less well understood. We previously demonstrated that IFN-αβγR-/- mice are exquisitely susceptible to liver infection following corneal infection with HSV-1. In this study, we used bone marrow chimeras of IFN-αβγR-/- (AG129) and wild-type (WT; 129SvEv) mice …