Digital Commons Network^™

Optimizing Guideline-Recommended Antibiotic Doses For Pediatric Infective Endocarditis, Chad A. Knoderer, Kristen R. Nichols, Emily N. Israel, Christopher A. Thomas

Scholarship and Professional Work – COPHS

The American Heart Association recently published an updated scientific statement on the management of infective endocarditis in childhood. The recommendations included for vancomycin, aminoglycoside, and β-lactam dosing and monitoring are based primarily on expert opinion and do not consider available evidence for dose optimization based on pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic principles in pediatric patients. This is concerning because even when clinically necessary, some practitioners may be hesitant to deviate from guideline-recommended doses. In this perspective, we highlight potential areas for improvement in the statement-recommended doses and summarize evidence supporting antibiotic dosing optimization. The addition of a pediatric clinical pharmacist with expertise …

Salmonella Expert Presents At 28th Bertram Marx Lecture At Uab, Staff

Browse All News

No abstract provided.

Diagnostic Methods To Determine Microbiology Of Postpartum Endometritis In South Asia: Laboratory Methods Protocol Used In The Postpartum Sepsis Study: A Prospective Cohort Study, Sadia Shakoor, Megan E. Reller, Amnesty Lefevre, Aneeta Hotwani, Shahida M. Qureshi, Farheen Yousuf, Mohammad Shahidul Islam, Nicholas Connor, Iftekhar Rafiqullah, Fatima Mir

Department of Paediatrics and Child Health

Background: The South Asian region has the second highest risk of maternal death in the world. To prevent maternal deaths due to sepsis and to decrease the maternal mortality ratio as per the World Health Organization Millenium Development Goals, a better understanding of the etiology of endometritis and related sepsis is required. We describe microbiological laboratory methods used in the maternal Postpartum Sepsis Study, which was conducted in Bangladesh and Pakistan, two populous countries in South Asia.
Methods/Design: Postpartum maternal fever in the community was evaluated by a physician and blood and urine were collected for routine analysis and culture. …

Weathering The End Times, Donald W. Holdridge Sr.

Eruditio Ardescens

“Weathering the End Times” first addresses some of the major arguments for and against man-caused Climate Change, and then portrays where the various elements of Christendom fall within this debate. It goes on to examine the prophetic Scriptures that relate to the environments of the Tribulation, Millennial Kingdom and Eternal State, concluding that God-caused Climate Change is what believers truly need to focus on.

Volume 53, Number 28: February 24, 2016, University Of North Dakota

University Letter Archive

No abstract provided.

Unique Loss Of The Pyhin Gene Family In Bats Amongst Mammals: Implications For Inflammasome Sensing, Matae Ahn, Jie Cui, Aaron T. Irving, Lin-Fa Wang

KIP Articles

Recent genomic analysis of two bat species ( Pteropus alecto and Myotis davidii ) revealed the absence of the PYHIN gene family. This family is recognized as important immune sensors of intracellular self and foreign DNA and activators of the inflammasome and/or interferon pathways. Further assessment of a wider range of bat genomes was necessary to determine if this is a universal pattern for this large mammalian group. Here we expanded genomic analysis of this gene family to include ten bat species. We confirmed the complete loss of this gene family, with only a truncated AIM2 remaining in one species …

Herpes Simplex Virus And Interferon Signaling Induce Novel Autophagic Clusters In Sensory Neurons, Sarah Katzenell, David A. Leib

Dartmouth Scholarship

Herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) establishes lifelong infection in the neurons of trigeminal ganglia (TG), cycling between productive infection and latency. Neuronal antiviral responses are driven by type I interferon (IFN) and are crucial to controlling HSV-1 virulence. Autophagy also plays a role in this neuronal antiviral response, but the mechanism remains obscure. In this study, HSV-1 infection of murine TG neurons triggered unusual clusters of autophagosomes, predominantly in neurons lacking detectable HSV-1 antigen. Treatment of neurons with IFN-β induced a similar response, and cluster formation by infection or IFN treatment was dependent upon an intact IFN-signaling pathway. The autophagic …

Hyperactive Erk And Persistent Mtor Signaling Characterize Vemurafenib Resistance In Papillary Thyroid Cancer Cells, Elyse Hanly, Neha Y. Tuli, Robert B. Bednarczyk, Robert Suriano, Jan Geliebter, Augustine L. Moscatello, Zbigniew Darzynkiewicz, Raj K. Tiwari

NYMC Faculty Publications

Clinical studies evaluating targeted BRAFV600E inhibitors in advanced thyroid cancer patients are currently underway. Vemurafenib (BRAFV600E inhibitor) monotherapy has shown promising results thus far, although development of resistance is a clinical challenge. The objective of this study was to characterize development of resistance to BRAFV600E inhibition and to identify targets for effective combination therapy. We created a line of BCPAP papillary thyroid cancer cells resistant to vemurafenib by treating with increasing concentrations of the drug. The resistant BCPAP line was characterized and compared to its sensitive counterpart with respect to signaling molecules thought to be directly related to resistance. Expression …

Compositions Including Triciribine And Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Inhibitor Compounds Or Salts Thereof And Methods Of Use Thereof, Jin Q. Cheng, Said M. Sebti

USF Patents

This application relates to combination therapies including triciribine compounds and epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitor compounds, particularly erlotinib-like compounds and compositions with reduced toxicity for the treatment and prevention of tumors, cancer, and other disorders associated with abnormal cell proliferation.

Summer 2016 | Philosophy Of Sex And Love And More Online, Ohio University College Of Arts & Sciences

All Forum Articles

No abstract provided.

Replication And Shedding Of Mers-Cov In Jamaican Fruit Bats (Artibeus Jamaicensis), Vincent J. Munster, Danielle R. Adney, Neeltje Van Doremalen, Vienna R. Brown, Kerri L. Miazgowicz, Shauna Milne-Price, Trenton Bushmaker, Rebecca Rosenke, Dana Scott, Ann Hawkinson, Emmie De Wit, Tony Schountz, Richard A. Bowen

KIP Articles

The emergence of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) highlights the zoonotic potential of Betacoronaviruses . Investigations into the origin of MERS-CoV have focused on two potential reservoirs: bats and camels. Here, we investigated the role of bats as a potential reservoir for MERS-CoV. In vitro , the MERS-CoV spike glycoprotein interacted with Jamaican fruit bat ( Artibeus jamaicensis ) dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) receptor and MERS-CoV replicated efficiently in Jamaican fruit bat cells, suggesting there is no restriction at the receptor or cellular level for MERS-CoV. To shed light on the intrinsic host-virus relationship, we inoculated 10 Jamaican fruit …

Curriculum Minutes 02/22/2016, Curriculum Committee

Curriculum Committee Minutes

In these minutes: Course Approvals and Continued General Education Discussion

The Economic Burden Attributable To A Child’S Inpatient Admission For Diarrheal Disease In Rwanda, Fidele Ngabo, Mercy Mvundura, Lauren Gazley, Maurice Gatera, Celse Rugambwa, Eugene Kayonga, Yvette Tuyishme, Jeanne Niyibaho, Jason M. Mwenda, Philippe Donnen, Philippe Lepage, Agnes Binagwaho, Deborah Atherly

Dartmouth Scholarship

Backround:

Diarrhea is one of the leading causes of childhood morbidity and mortality. Hospitalization for diarrhea can pose a significant burden to health systems and households. The objective of this study was to estimate the economic burden attributable to hospitalization for diarrhea among children less than five years old in Rwanda. These data can be used by decision-makers to assess the impact of interventions that reduce diarrhea morbidity, including rotavirus vaccine introduction.

Methods:

This was a prospective costing study where medical records and hospital bills for children admitted with diarrhea at three hospitals were collected to estimate resource use and …

Laelapine Mite (Acari: Laelapidae) Morphometric Analysis Reflects Taxonomic And Geographic Clusters Of South American Oryzomyines (Rodentia: Sigmodontinae), Donald Gettinger, Robert D. Owen

MANTER: Journal of Parasite Biodiversity

Ongoing efforts to survey and inventory nonvolant small mammals across the Neotropics are beginning to reveal a highly structured and diverse fauna of rodents and marsupials. By increasing the foundation of specimens in museums around the world, it has become possible, for the first time, to evaluate and quantify the similarities and differences among small mammals collected from a broad range of geographic locali­ties, ecoregions, and habitats. Because ectoparasites were sampled in the process of collecting mammalian voucher specimens, we are able to study the laelapine mites (Acari: Laelapidae) associated with well-iden­tified and verifiable host specimens. Here, we evaluate morphometric …

Week Of February 22, 2016, New York Medical College

InTouch

• NYMC Celebrates Grand Opening of the Dr. Edward F. and Mrs. Anna M. Asprinio Fitness Center
• Twentieth Annual Medical Student Research Forum Showcases Abundance of Investigative Works
• Mary M. Petzke, Ph.D., is Named Director of Medical Student Research
• NYMC Promotes Brain Health Awareness

Medical School Watercooler Newsletter - February 21, 2016, Lindsey Lyle

Watercooler Newsletter

This is the February 21, 2016 edition of the Frederick P. Whiddon College of Medicine's newsletter - Watercooler.

Contents Include:

• COM Dean, VP Medical Affairs Candidates to Present Next Week
• March 3 DSS to Feature Dr. David P. AuCoin
• Summer Research Proposal Deadline Approaching
• USA Gold Humanism Honor Society Members Participate in Solidarity Week

Pilot Perceptions On Impact Of Crew Rest Regulations On Safety And Fatigue, Lukas Rudari, Mary E. Johnson, Robert C. Geske, Lauren A. Sperlak

International Journal of Aviation, Aeronautics, and Aerospace

The risk of fatigue on pilot performance and safety is well recognized in aviation. In response to increased safety concerns, the Federal Aviation Administration addressed fatigue risk for passenger airline pilots in Title 14 Code of Federal Regulations Part 117, which included accommodations to address fatigue related risk-factors such as circadian rhythm and the phenomenon commonly described as jet-lag. The rule became effective in January 2014. A survey was conducted in March and April of 2014 to better understand pilot perceptions of the new Part 117 rule. This study analyzed survey responses from 92 self-identified pilots to determine the effect …

Zika Epidemic In Brazil Sparks Global Panic, Gregory Scruggs

NotiSur

No abstract provided.

Layer-Switching Cost And Optimality In Information Spreading On Multiplex Networks, Byungjoon Min, Sang-Hwan Gwak, Nanoom Lee, K. I. Goh

Publications and Research

We study a model of information spreading on multiplex networks, in which agents interact through multiple interaction channels (layers), say online vs. offline communication layers, subject to layerswitching cost for transmissions across different interaction layers. The model is characterized by the layer-wise path-dependent transmissibility over a contact, that is dynamically determined dependently on both incoming and outgoing transmission layers. We formulate an analytical framework to deal with such path-dependent transmissibility and demonstrate the nontrivial interplay between the multiplexity and spreading dynamics, including optimality. It is shown that the epidemic threshold and prevalence respond to the layer-switching cost non-monotonically and that …

Drug Repurposing To Target Ebola Virus Replication And Virulence Using Structural Systems Pharmacology, Zheng Zhao, Che Martin, Raymond Fan, Philip E. Bourne, Lei Xie

Publications and Research

Background: The recent outbreak of Ebola has been cited as the largest in history. Despite this global health crisis, few drugs are available to efficiently treat Ebola infections. Drug repurposing provides a potentially efficient solution to accelerating the development of therapeutic approaches in response to Ebola outbreak. To identify such candidates, we use an integrated structural systems pharmacology pipeline which combines proteome-scale ligand binding site comparison, protein-ligand docking, and Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulation.

Results: One thousand seven hundred and sixty-six FDA-approved drugs and 259 experimental drugs were screened to identify those with the potential to inhibit the replication and virulence …

Pharmacy Overview For Critical Care Nurses, Cheri Walker

Faculty Articles & Research

No abstract provided.

Costs Of Resistance And Infection By A Generalist Pathogen, Tad Dallas, Mathieu Holtackers, John M. Drake

Faculty Publications

Pathogen infection is typically costly to hosts, resulting in reduced fitness. However, pathogen exposure may also come at a cost even if the host does not become infected. These fitness reductions, referred to as “resistance costs”, are inducible physiological costs expressed as a result of a trade-off between resistance to a pathogen and aspects of host fitness (e.g., reproduction). Here, we examine resistance and infection costs of a generalist fungal pathogen (Metschnikowia bicuspidata) capable of infecting a number of host species. Costs were quantified as reductions in host lifespan, total reproduction, and mean clutch size as a function …

Concentration And Ratio Of Essential Fatty Acids Influences The Inflammatory Response In Lipopolysaccharide Challenged Mice, Korry J. Hintze, J. Tawzer, Robert E. Ward

Nutrition, Dietetics, and Food Sciences Faculty Publications

The goal of this study was to evaluate the role of both the % of dietary, 18-carbon PUFA (2.5%, 5% and 10%) and the n-6:n-3 ratio (1:1, 10:1 and 20:1) on the acute inflammatory response. Mice were fed diets for 8 weeks and injected intraperitoneally with LPS to induce acute inflammation. After 24. h mice were sacrificed and plasma cytokines measured. Diets significantly affected the erythrocyte PUFA composition and the effect of PUFA ratio was more prominent than of PUFA concentration. The % dietary PUFA affected feed efficiency (p

Healthcare Costs In The U.S., Kristin Van De Griend

Faculty Work Comprehensive List

"What are the ethical considerations regarding the price that pharmaceutical companies charge for medications, and how are those charges passed on to pharmacies and hospitals/clinics?"

Posting about advocating for cost-effective health care­­­­­­­­ from In All Things - an online hub committed to the claim that the life, death, and resurrection of Jesus Christ has implications for the entire world.

http://inallthings.org/healthcare-costs-in-the-u-s/

Arbeitsbuch Signed By Eugen Gildemeister

Bulmash Family Holocaust Collection

Cover: 'Deutches Reich'above and 'Arbeitsbuch' below an eagle. Interior: 32 pages; 1-9 include many hand stamps and handwriting. Pages 10-32 are blank.

Information Provided by Michael D. Bulmash:

Work booklet for a laboratory assistant, Albert Kuschel, who worked in the Robert Koch Institute of Infectious Diseases in Berlin. Eugen Gildemeister was a German bacteriologist who, subsequent to the Nazi rise to power, became Director and Vice-President of this Institute. Gildemeister was involved with pseudo-medical experiments on inmates of Buchenwald, Natzweiler, Sachsenhausen and Dachau. On March 3, 1942, he was present as 145 inmates of KL Buchenwald were purposely infected with …

World-Renowned Geneticist To Speak At 2016 Bertram M. Marx Lectureship, Ella Robinson

Browse All News

No abstract provided.

Treatment Modalities And Antimicrobial Stewardship Initiatives In The Management Of Intra-Abdominal Infections, Charles Hoffmann, Matthew Zak, Lisa M. Avery, Jack Brown

Pharmacy Faculty/Staff Publications

Antimicrobial stewardship programs (ASPs) focus on improving the utilization of broad spectrum antibiotics to decrease the incidence of multidrug-resistant Gram positive and Gram negative pathogens. Hospital admission for both medical and surgical intra-abdominal infections (IAIs) commonly results in the empiric use of broad spectrum antibiotics such as fluoroquinolones, beta-lactam beta-lactamase inhibitors, and carbapenems that can select for resistant organisms. This review will discuss the management of uncomplicated and complicated IAIs as well as highlight stewardship initiatives focusing on the proper use of broad spectrum antibiotics.

Week Of February 16, 2016, New York Medical College

InTouch

• SHSP Capstone Project Gets Published
• February is American Heart Month
• Luis Montes, M.S., is Named Senior Director of Information Technology Services

Conjugate Haemophilus Influenzae Type B Vaccines For Sickle Cell Disease., Slimane Allali, Martin Chalumeau, Odile Launay, Samir K. Ballas, Mariane De Montalembert

Cardeza Foundation for Hematologic Research

BACKGROUND: People affected with sickle cell disease are at high risk of infection from Haemophilus influenzae type b. Before the implementation of Haemophilus influenzae type b conjugate vaccination in high-income countries, this was responsible for a high mortality rate in children under five years of age. In African countries, where coverage of this vaccination is still extremely low, Haemophilus influenzae type b remains one of the most common cause of bacteraemias in children with sickle cell disease. The increased uptake of this conjugate vaccination may substantially improve the survival of children with sickle cell disease.

OBJECTIVES: The primary objective was …

Sexual Behavior Varies Between Same-Race And Different-Race Partnerships: A Daily Diary Study Of Highly Sexually Active Black, Latino, And White Gay And Bisexual Men, Christian Grov, Demetria Cain, H. Jonathan Rendina, Ana Ventuneac, Jeffrey T. Parsons

Publications and Research

Background. Gay and bisexual men (GBM) are at elevated risk for gonorrhea and chlamydia trachomatis (GC/CT). Rectal GC/CT symptoms may be less obvious than urethral, increasing opportunities for undiagnosed rectal GC/CT.

Method. A U.S. national sample of 1,071 GBM completed urethral and rectal GC/CT testing and an online survey.

Results. In total, 6.2% were GC/CT positive (5.3% rectal, 1.7% urethral). We calculated adjusted (for education, race, age, relationship status, having health insurance, and income) odds ratios for factors associated with rectal and urethral GC/CT diagnoses. Age was inversely associated with urethral and rectal GC/CT. Compared to White men, Latinos had …