Digital Commons Network^™

Evaluation Of Knowledge And Practices Of Managing Citrus Pests And Diseases And The Willingness To Pay For An Integrated Pest Management Strategy In Selected Counties In Kenya, Dorothy Wangui Gitahi

All Master’s Theses

Citrus is a major source of income in Kenya for both large and small scale farmers. However, citrus productivity has been declining over the years mainly due to pests and diseases, particularly the African Citrus Triozid (ACT), Huanglongbing (HLB) and False Codling Moth (FCM). Management of pests and diseases is sorely dependent on synthetic pesticides, which not only increases production costs but also are associated with high health and environmental risks. Use of integrated pest management (IPM) is recommended as a more sustainable alternative to widespread broad-spectrum chemical pesticide application. The International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (ICIPE) and …

Potential Economic Impact Of Integrated Thrips Management In French Bean And Tomato In Loitokitok And Mwea Sub - Counties Of Kenya, Esther A. Mujuka

All Master’s Theses

In Kenya, thrips inflict nearly 60-80% and 80% yield loss in French bean and tomato, respectively. Management of thrips in horticulture is currently based on application of pesticides. In addition to increased environmental risks associated with pesticides, frequent use of these chemicals substantially increase production costs and pesticide resistance. Further, exports are limited due to non-compliance to Maximum Residue Levels (MRLs) in important consumer export countries especially the European Union (EU). International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (ICIPE) and its partners are proposing the use of Integrated Pest Management (IPM) for the control and management of thrips and tospoviruses …

Assessment Of Conservation Agriculture As An Adaptation Option To Climate Change In The Taita Hills, Kenya, Lilian K. Motaroki

All Master’s Theses

Climate Change and Variability affects water supply and food security, especially in developing countries where many small-scale farmers rely on rain-fed agriculture for food production and as a main source of livelihood. The extent of the effects of climate change and variability on these small-scale producers largely depends on their level of adaptation, adaptive capacity, exposure and vulnerability. This study evaluates the effectiveness of Conservation Agriculture (CA) as a possible adaptation tool for farmers to climate change and variability in the Taita Hills, Kenya. A mixed research methodology was used entailing literature review, participatory methods, household surveys and experimental field …

Farmers' Knowledge, Attitude And Practice Towards African Indigenous Vegetables In Kenya, Donatien Ntawuruhunga

All Master’s Theses

Food and nutrition insecurity has been a major challenge in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). With land frontier closing, farmers in SSA must intensify and diversify food production to alleviate food and nutrition insecurity. In the face of climate change, African Indigenous Vegetables (AIVs) can offer opportunities to diversify production systems and improve food, nutrition and income security in many countries of SSA. Despite their potential, the importance of AIVs in alleviating food, nutrition and economic insecurity are not fully exploited in Kenya. Further until recently there is less research and development efforts and limited information on farmers' knowledge, attitude and perceptions …

Heavy Metals In Sugarcane Juice And Soils: A Comparative Study Of Part Of Nairobi River Basin And Nyahururu Farms, Solomon Kamau

All Master’s Theses

The contamination of food is increasingly becoming a concern in developing countries due to the mounting amounts of heavy metals in urban environments. Juices are common beverages in the usual diet and contribute significantly to the nutritional intake of essential and harmful trace elements. Currently, there is inadequate information regarding the amounts of heavy metals in juice from sugarcane produced along rivers in Nairobi city. In the present study, the levels of heavy metals in sugarcane juice and soils from Nairobi and Nyahururu are determined. This study quantitatively determined the levels of heavy metals such as Fe, Cu, Zn and …

Management Of Mycotoxigenic Fungi And Associated Mycotoxins In Maize By Use Of Hermetic Storage, Angeline Maina Wanjiku

All Master’s Theses

Maize is a staple food crop in Kenya with about 90% of the rural households depending on it. However, the grain is vulnerable to degradation by mycotoxin producing fungi in the field and during storage. Mycotoxins produced by these fungi cause significant economic losses and deleterious health effects to humans and animals. Strategies such as storage of maize in hermetic bags have been developed to reduce post-harvest grain losses due to pest attack, fungal growth and mycotoxin contamination. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of hermetic storage on the population of fungal species and levels of …

Assessment Of Health And Environmental Effects Of Mango Integrated Fruit Fly Management Strategy In Meru County, Kenya, Chris Mwungu Miyinzi

All Master’s Theses

Mango is among the three most imperative crops in Kenya in terms production and crop area. However, mango production is limited by a number of issues, among which pests and fungal disease infestation are major. Among the pests, mango fruit fly present a real challenge to producers due to losses incurred at the farm level. Majority of the farmers have decided to use of pesticides which have negative impacts on health and environment. To promote sustainable and environmentally friendly agriculture, International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (icipe) developed and implemented an Integrated Pest Management (IPM) fruit fly control package …

Effects Of Hermetic Bag Storage On Insect Pest Damage, Mould Infection And A Flatoxin Contamination On Maize Grain In Makueni County, Kenya, Jeremiah Kinuthia Ng'ang'a

All Master’s Theses

For centuries, maize producers in sub-Saharan Africa have been plagued by post-harvest losses from insect infestation and mould infections, with small-scale producers representing the most vulnerable populations. Participatory on-farm trials were conducted to assess the effectiveness of triple layer hermetic (PICSâ„¢) bags for storage of maize in small-scale farmers' stores in rural villages in Makueni County,Kenya. PICS bags are three-layer hermetic bag-system that forms a barrier against the influx of oxygen and the escape of carbon dioxide.Shelled maize grain was purchased from the participating farmers, filled into jute,woven polypropyleneor PICS bags, and kept in the farmers' own stores for 35 …

Genetic Diversity Of Aphid Species Attacking Amaranth And Nightshades In Different Agro-Ecological Zones Of Kenya And Tanzania, Alex Cherutich Kipnyargis

All Master’s Theses

Aphids are the major pests of vegetables leading to a significant yield loss in African indigenous vegetables including amaranth and nightshades. Information on the types of aphids that infest these vegetables and their genetic diversity in Kenya and Tanzania is scanty. This is an important diagnostic component in developing management strategies such as integrated pest management and early detection and control of invasive species. This study used a fragment of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene region called the barcode region to characterize the species of aphids that attack amaranth and nightshades in different agro-ecological regions of …

Law And Moral Dilemmas, Bert I. Huang

Faculty Scholarship

A runaway trolley rushes toward five people standing on the tracks, and it will surely kill them all. Fortunately, you can reach a switch that will turn the trolley onto a side track – but then you notice that one other person is standing there. Is it morally permissible for you to turn the trolley to that side track, where it will kill one person instead of five? Is it not only morally permissible, but even morally required? This classic thought experiment is a mainstay in the repertoire of law school hypotheticals, often raised alongside cases about cannibalism at sea, …

Salvaging "Safe Spaces": Toward Model Standards For Lgbtq Youth-Serving Professionals Encountering Law Enforcement, Brendan M. Conner Esq.

American University Journal of Gender, Social Policy & the Law

No abstract provided.

The Overrepresentation Of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Questioning, Gender Nonconforming And Transgender Youth Within The Child Welfare To Juvenile Justice Crossover Population, Angela Irvine Ph.D., Aisha Canfield M.P.P

American University Journal of Gender, Social Policy & the Law

No abstract provided.

The Patient Protection And Affordable Care Act And Choice In Childbirth: How The Aca's Nondiscrimination Provisions May Change The Legal Landscape Of Childbirth, Caitlin Mccartney

American University Journal of Gender, Social Policy & the Law

No abstract provided.

A Remedy For Male-To-Female Transgender Inmates: Applying Disparate Impact To Prison Placement, Janei Au

American University Journal of Gender, Social Policy & the Law

No abstract provided.

Mandatory Restitution For Enticing A Minor For Sexual Purposes: Additional Punishment Or Compensation For The Victim?, Myra S. Reyes

American University Journal of Gender, Social Policy & the Law

No abstract provided.

Finding An End To Federally Sanctioned Discrimination: A Call To Rescind The 2007 Olc World Vision Memo, Robin Maril, Sarah Warbelow

American University Journal of Gender, Social Policy & the Law

No abstract provided.

Would've, Could've, Should've: Custodial Standing Of Non-Biological Same-Sex Parents For Children Born Before Marriage Equality, Frank Aiello

American University Journal of Gender, Social Policy & the Law

No abstract provided.

The Kanza 2016, Pittsburg State University

The Kanza, 1910-2023

The Kanza 2016 is Published by Pittsburg State University, Pittsburg, Kansas.

Clinical Practice Guidelines On The Management Of Variceal Bleeding, Javed Iqbal Farooqi, Hasnain Ali Shah, Anwaar A. Khan, Amjad Salamat, Altaf Alam, Abbas Khan Khattak, Nazish Butt, Muhammed Salih, Sher Sher Rehman, Arif Amir Nawaz, Nasir Khokhar, Ghias-Un-Nabi Tayyab, Javed Aslam Butt, Kashif Malik, Shakeel Ahmad Mirza, Mohammad Akram

Department of Medicine

Gastroesophageal variceal bleeding occurs in 30 - 50% of patients of liver cirrhosis with portal hypertension, with 20-70% mortality in one year. Therefore, it is essential to screen these patients for varices and prevent first episode of bleeding by treating them with β-blockers or endoscopic variceal band ligation. Ideally, the patients with variceal bleeding should be treated in a unit where the personnel are familiar with the management of such patients and where routine therapeutic interventions can be undertaken. Proper management of such patients include: initial assessment, resuscitation, blood volume replacement, vasoactive agents, prevention of associated complications such as bacterial …

Translating Knowledge For Action Against Stroke--Using 5-Minute Videos For Stroke Survivors And Caregivers To Improve Post-Stroke Outcomes: Study Protocol For A Randomized Controlled Trial (Movies4stroke)., Ayeesha Kamran Kamal, Adeel Khoja, Bushra Usmani, Nargis Asad, Asma Ahmed, Iqbal Azam, Sarah Saleem, Saleem Sayani

Department of Medicine

Background: Two thirds of the global mortality of stroke is borne by low and middle income countries (LMICs). Pakistan is the world’s sixth most populous country with a stroke-vulnerable population and is without a single dedicated chronic care center. In order to provide evidence for a viable solution responsive to this health care gap, and leveraging the existing >70 % mobile phone density, we thought it rational to test the effectiveness of a mobile phone-based video intervention of short 5-minute movies to educate and support stroke survivors and their primary caregivers.

Methods: Movies4Stroke will be a randomized control, outcome assessor …

Mindfulness In The Classroom: Cultivating Peace From Within, Maya Vandriel

Honors Program Theses

Teachers are placed with the difficult task of transferring knowledge to the next generation of leaders. This knowledge transfer can be measured in various ways. What cannot be easily quantified is the impact of the life skills taught to accomplish this handoff of reading, writing and math skills. Often times, teachers are the role model of how a student can cope with life inside and outside of the classroom. Teaching mindfulness in the classroom is a powerful method that shows students how to self-regulate emotions in order to cope with whatever life brings them. These life skills are essential for …

Law In The Shadow Of Violence: Can Law Help To Improve Doctor-Patient Trust In China?, Benjamin L. Liebman

Faculty Scholarship

Can law help to address the lack of trust in doctor-patient relationships in China? This essay examines the role that law, on the books and in practice, has played in the rise and resolution of patient-doctor disputes and conflict in China. Law has generally played a secondary role in medical disputes: most patient claims never make it to court, and there is little evidence that negotiated outcomes are influenced by legal standards. Yet a legal framework weighted in favor of hospitals and doctors almost certainly exacerbated doctor-patient conflict in the 2000s. Patients facing legal procedures and rules that appeared to …

Reinterpreting The Status-Contract Divide: The Case Of Fiduciaries, Hanoch Dagan, Elizabeth S. Scott

Faculty Scholarship

The distinction between status and contract permeates legal analyses of categories of cooperative interpersonal interactions in which one party has particular obligations to the other. But the current binary understanding of the distinction has facilitated its use as a foil and thus undermined its conceptual and normative significance. This predicament is understandable given that the innate, comprehensive, and inalienable status as well as the wholly open-ended contract anticipated by commentators are corner — rather than core — alternatives in a liberal polity. Hence, to clarify these normative debates we introduce two further, intermediate conceptions: office and contract type. Like the …

Legal Pathways To Reducing Greenhouse Gas Emissions Under Section 115 Of The Clean Air Act, Michael Burger, Ann E. Carlson, Michael B. Gerrard, Jayni Foley Hein, Jason A. Schwartz, Keith J. Benes

Faculty Scholarship

Under President Barack Obama the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency has promulgated a series of greenhouse gas emissions regulations, initiating the necessary national response to climate change. However, the United States will need to find other ways to reduce GHG emissions if it is to live up to its international emissions reduction pledges, and to ultimately lead the way to a zero-carbon energy future. This paper argues that the success of the recent climate negotiations in Paris provides a strong basis for invoking a powerful tool available to help achieve the country’s climate change goals: Section 115 of the Clean Air …

When Extrinsic Incentives Displace Intrinsic Motivation: Designing Legal Carrots And Sticks To Confront The Challenge Of Motivational Crowding-Out, Kristen Underhill

Faculty Scholarship

The rise of “nudges” has inspired countless efforts to encourage individual choices that maximize personal and collective welfare, with a preference for less restrictive tools such as setting default options or reordering choice sets. As part of this trend, there has been renewed interest in the behavioral impacts of incentives – namely, rewards or penalties for shaping individual choices, including but not limited to financial incentives. Explicit incentives are pervasive in the law, including carrots offered by governments (for example, tax deductions for charitable contributions, rebates for recycling, sentence reductions for prisoners who complete drug rehabilitation programs, and incentives for …

Reflections On Seminole Rock: The Past, Present, And Future Of Deference To Agency Regulatory Interpretations, Gillian E. Metzger, Aaron Nielson, Sanne H. Knudsen, Amy J. Wildermuth, Aditya Bamzai, Richard J. Pierce, Cynthia Barmore, William Yeatman, Christopher J. Walker, Kevin M. Stack, Andy Grewal, Steve R. Johnson, F. Andrew Hessick, Jonathan H. Adler, Catherine M. Sharkey, David Feder, Cass R. Sunstein, Adrian Vermeule, Ronald M. Levin, Kevin O. Leske, James Cleith Phillips, Daniel Ortner, William Funk, Kristen E. Hickman, Jeffrey A. Pojanowski, Adam White, Conor Clarke

Faculty Scholarship

Seminole Rock (or Auer) deference has captured the attention of scholars, policymakers, and the judiciary. That is why Notice & Comment, the blog of the Yale Journal on Regulation and the American Bar Association’s Section of Administrative Law & Regulatory Practice, hosted an online symposium from September 12 to September 23, 2016 on the subject. This symposium contains over 20 contributions addressing different aspects of Seminole Rock deference.

Topics include:

• History of Seminole Rock
• Empirical Examinations of Seminole Rock
• Understanding Seminole Rock Within Agencies
• Understanding Seminole Rock as Applied to Tax, Environmental Law, and Criminal Sentencing
• Why Seminole Rock Matters …

Emerging Tools For Evaluating Safety Management Systems Effectiveness, T. Brady, A. Stolzer

Publications

Safety Management Systems (SMS) have become prevalent in a host of industries, including aviation, for managing safety, but little research has been performed to-date on measuring the effectiveness of SMS. This research examined the independent application of two related concepts to assess effective- ness: IO/SMS, an Input-Output economics concept applied to SMS, and Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). Input-Output (IO) is a method for systematically determining the inter-relationships among ele- ments in a system. To determine if IO could be applied to SMS, it was necessary to calculate the relative importance to the system of the four components of SMS. Five …

Nonmarital Families And The Legal System's Institutional Failures, Clare Huntington

Faculty Scholarship

As along-time critic of family law, I find it odd to be singing the system's praises. And yet I am. Sort of. In this issue of the Family Law Quarterly, which addresses cohabitation and nonmarital families, I want to focus on what happens when relationships end. For all its shortcomings, family law provides an institution to help divorcing couples restructure their families following the end of relationships. For nonmarital families, not so much. Unmarried parents theoretically can go to court when they separate, but most do not. Thus., as a practical matter, the legal system leaves unmarried parents without an …

Design And Commissioning Of A Community Scale Solar Powered Membrane-Based Water Purification System In Haiti, Shavin Pinto, Yung Wong, Kyle Fennesy, Yan Tang, Marc Compere

Publications

This paper presents the design and commissioning of a solar powered water purification system at the Ryan Epps Home for Children (REHC) in Michaud, Haiti. This system supplies clean drinking water to the 200 children who live and go to school at REHC and also to the community in the form of a micro-business. This micro-business is the mechanism for income generation for sustainable system operation. The purifier uses a three stage filtration system with a disc-type sediment filter, a 0.1 micron ultrafiltration membrane, and an ultraviolet light for disinfection. The backwash cycle extends the life of the ultrafiltration membrane …

Marguerite Dawson King Papers - Accession 280, Marguerite Dawson King

Manuscript Collection

Mrs. Marguerite Dawson King (1901-1979) was a very active and civic minded woman and the collection of her papers attests to the valuable contributions which can be made by women and by senior citizens. The King Papers are a valuable source of information on women in politics and on the American Association of Retired Persons (AARP). The collection consists of correspondence, minutes, bylaws, reports, agendas, yearbooks, handbooks, newsletters, brochures, speeches, legislative bills, program notes, newspaper clippings, awards, and certificates concerning Mrs. King’s activities as chapter chairman and assistant state director of the AARP; as district chairman of the United Daughters …