Digital Commons Network^™

User Design : Constructions Of The “User” In The History Of Design Research, Theodora Vardouli

DRS Biennial Conference Series

Over the past 50 years of design research, the “user” has been consistently invoked as a measure of good design and as driver of design decisions. As scholars have variously recognized, the focus of design has in turn been displaced fromphysical objects to relationships between things/environments and their future users/occupants. In this paper I identify, compare, and critically analyse different techniques for anticipating or understanding such relationships drawing from original material produced in the context of the design methods movement, the Design Research Society (DRS), and the Environmental Design Research Association (EDRA). I combine this material with histories of ergonomics …

Designing Meaningful Vehicle For Older Users: Culture, Technology, And Experience, Chao Zhao, Vesna Popovic, Xiaobo Lu

DRS Biennial Conference Series

This study aimed to achieve understanding from the middle-aged vehicle users and from older vehicle users about differences between their current travel experience and future travel needs. A methodological triangulation consisting of interviews, logbook and co-discovery was used to collect multiple forms of data and explore the older vehicle users travel-needs-influencing factors within the Chinese cultural frameworks. This paper built a concept model to integrate these travel- needs-influencing elements that might give designers new knowledge to assist their innovations. It is envisaged that the proposed model can play an important role in the design process to help designers to better …

The Introduction Of Design To Policymaking: Policy Lab And The Uk Government, Jocelyn Bailey, Peter Lloyd

DRS Biennial Conference Series

The use of design within government institutions is a rapidly accelerating trend of global dimensions. The emergent nature of these design practices, and cultures, raises questions about what exactly is happening in the interactions between design and political institutions, and how that might be understood in broader socio-economic and political terms. This paper reports on a series of interviews with senior level civil servants working in UK central government, all of whom have had some exposure to design methods and techniques through interaction with the UK Policy Lab. The paper sets out the ways in which the epistemology and practices …

The Role Of Participation In Designing For Iot, Anuradha Reddy, Per Linde

DRS Biennial Conference Series

The widespread proliferation of the internet-of-things (IoT) has led to the shift in focus from the technology itself to the way in which technology affects the social world. Being inspired by the emerging intersection between actor network theory and co-design, this paper emphasizes the role of participation in designing IoT-based technologies by suggesting alternative ways to appropriate IoT into people’s lives. It is argued that prototyping becomes crucial for designing IoT-based technologies where the invisible aspects of “agency” and “autonomy” are highlighted while still drawing on its full capabilities. In that, the value of tinkering and exploration are seen as …

Design Research, Storytelling, And Entrepreneur Women In Rural Costa Rica: A Case Study, Maria Gabriela Hernandez

DRS Biennial Conference Series

This paper describes a project exploring design research practices and empathic design to produce context-specific knowledge to inform and facilitate visual storytelling, in collaboration with the Women’s Association of Chira Island, a rural ecotourism association from the Pacific of Costa Rica. While their pioneering ecotourism projects have gained national recognition, its members have faced multiple challenges, including reassessing gender and social roles and furthering their capacity to support development in the community. Their experiences and stories became their most valuable asset, triggering the need to communicate them to benefit similar populations. The contents of this project were developed during three …

International Norms And Local Design Research: Icsid And The Promotion Of Industrial Design In Latin America, 1970 - 1979, Tania Messell

DRS Biennial Conference Series

The International Council of Societies of Industrial Design (ICSID) was founded in 1957 to raise the professional status of designers and to establish international standards for the profession. While the organisation expanded to include member societies from developing economies in the 1960s and 1970s, it was predominantly led by Western members, and design mainly promoted as a tool for industrial development, due to ICSID’s close collaboration with the United Nations Industrial Development Organisation (UNIDO). Examining ICSID’s early promotional activities in developing countries, in particular its first congress in Latin America ‘Industrial Design for Human Development’, held in 1979 Mexico, this …

Stories In A Beespoon: Exploring Future Folklore Through Design, Deborah Maxwell, Liz Edwards, Toby Pillatt, Niamh Downing

DRS Biennial Conference Series

This paper explores the role and potential for design as process, artefact and experience to help frame and address societal problems. We consider this through examining a future folklore dialogical object, designed to stimulate conversation and question assumptions. Beekeeping is a particularly rich context with which to adopt this methodological approach, given the significance of global threats to insect pollination aligned with beekeeping’s extensive cultural heritage. By drawing on past narratives and contemporary knowledge and practices, the Beespoon, a small copper spoon representing the amount of honey a single bee can make, was codesigned as an experience that actively engaged …

Designing With Empathy: Implications For Food Design, Hafdís Sunna Hermannsdóttir, Cecilie Dawes, Hanne Gideonsen, Eva De Moor

DRS Biennial Conference Series

A broken food system has resulted in a wide disparity between food producers and consumers, undermining the perceived link between food and nature. It is therefore important to re-create the relationship with food when co-designing future solutions. This requires new tools and a new set of skills among food designers. Designing with empathy is well known from design processes as a way to respect human experiences. We therefore question if empathy for food can be used when co-designing the food system of tomorrow? The purpose of this paper is to explore what empathy means in food design, and how empathy …

The Communication Constitution Of Law Enforcement In North Carolina’S Efforts Against Human Trafficking, Elizabeth Hampton Jeter

USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Over the past 20 years, human trafficking has gained international attention and resulted in the creation of anti-trafficking laws in the United States. Politicians, scholars, and organizations have called for more professional efforts against human trafficking and advocated for better education and awareness to identify victims and prosecute traffickers. Local law enforcement is recognized for its ideal position in communities to combat this crime. In 2011, North Carolina implemented a statewide human trafficking training program for law enforcement. This research study examines the communication constitution of law enforcement and the use of power through this training program and as officers …

Measurements Of Hydrogen, Oxygen And Carbon Isotope Variability In Sphagnum Moss Along A Micro-Topographical Gradient In A Southern Patagonian Peatland, N. J. Loader, F. A. Street-Perrott, D. Mauquoy, T. P. Roland, Bellen S Van, T. J. Daley, D. Davies, P. D.M. Hughes, V. O. Pancotto, G. H.F. Young, M. J. Amesbury, D. J. Charman, G. Mallon, Z. C. Yu

School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences

Peat archives offer a diverse range of physical and chemical proxies from which it is possible to study past environmental and ecological changes. Direct numerical calibration and verification is difficult so process-based and mechanistic studies are therefore required to establish and quantify links between environmental changes and their associated proxy-responses. Traditional ‘space-for-time’ calibrations provide a solution to this calibration problem, but are often unable to isolate a single environmental variable from other potentially confounding variables. In this study, we explored the potential of a site-specific ‘space-for-time’ approach applied to a hummock-hollow transect on an ombrotrophic raised bog in Patagonia, southern …

The Relationship Between Eruptive Activity, Flank Collapse, And Sea Level At Volcanic Islands: A Long-Term (>1 Ma) Record Offshore Montserrat, Lesser Antilles, M Coussens, D Wall-Palmer, Pj Talling, Et Al

School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences

Hole U1395B, drilled southeast of Montserrat during Integrated Ocean Drilling Program Expedition 340, provides a long (>1 Ma) and detailed record of eruptive and mass-wasting events (>130 discrete events). This record can be used to explore the temporal evolution in volcanic activity and landslides at an arc volcano. Analysis of tephra fall and volcaniclastic turbidite deposits in the drill cores reveals three heightened periods of volcanic activity on the island of Montserrat (~930 to ~900 ka, ~810 to ~760 ka, and ~190 to ~120 ka) that coincide with periods of increased volcano instability and mass-wasting. The youngest of …

The 8.2-Ka Bp Event In North-Eastern North America: First Combined Oxygen And Hydrogen Isotopic Data From Peat In Newfoundland, T. J. Daley, K. E. Barber, P. D.M. Hughes, N. J. Loader, M. Leuenberger, F. A. Street-Perrott

School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences

No abstract provided.

Schooling In Rural East Texas: Contextualizing And Responding To The Needs Of African American Students, Brandon L. Fox, Patrick S. De Walt

Journal of Multicultural Affairs

This critical analysis contextualizes and responds to the current state of education for persons of African descent in rural East Texas, specifically Region VII. The researchers analyzed assessment data, attendance data, demographic data, and discipline data from the Texas Education Agency. Selected data provided a pathway to explore variables that directly impact students’ academic performance and identities. Findings from this study highlight concerns that range from discrepancies in out-of-school suspensions, disproportionate representation of faculty with the student populations, and challenges faced by East Texas schools and school districts to meet state and federal policies and accountability standards. The authors recommend …

Full Issue 3(3/4)

International Journal of Speleology

No abstract provided.

1946 The Log Of Beaver College

University Yearbooks

No abstract provided.

English Doctoral Students And Professor Present At Conference, Ohio University College Of Arts & Sciences

All Forum Articles

No abstract provided.

A Generalized Computer Vision Approach To Mapping Crop Fields In Heterogeneous Agricultural Landscapes, Stephanie R. Debats, Dee Luo, Lyndon Estes, Thomas J. Fuchs, Kelly K. Caylor

Geography

Smallholder farms dominate in many parts of the world, particularly Sub-Saharan Africa. These systems are characterized by small, heterogeneous, and often indistinct field patterns, requiring a specialized methodology to map agricultural land cover. Using a variety of sites in South Africa, we present a new approach to mapping agricultural fields, based on efficient extraction of a vast set of simple, highly correlated, and interdependent features, followed by a random forest classifier. We achieved similar high performance across agricultural types, including the spectrally indistinct smallholder fields as well as the more easily distinguishable commercial fields, and demonstrated the ability to generalize …

Model For Assessing The Functionality Of Soil And Water Conservation Facilities, Nai-Hsin Pan, Kuei-Yen Chen

Journal of Marine Science and Technology–Taiwan

Most soil and water conservation facilities are located in remote areas, posing measurement difficulties for precision instruments. Therefore, visual inspection, which is advantageous because of its high speed, is the primary assessment method for such facilities. However, the degree of infrastructural damage subjectively assessed by various inspectors may vary. Therefore, to overcome the problem induced by inspectors’ subjectivity in assessing facilities, this study adopted the concept of fuzzy set theory to establish a soil and water conservation facility assessment model that can define the membership functions of specific semantic ranges. This study applied semantics to infer current facility conditions, which …

From Ether To Acid: A Plausible Degradation Pathway Of Glycerol Dialkyl Glycerol Tetraethers, X-L Liu, D Birgel, Fj Elling, Pa Sutton, Et Al

School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences

Glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers (GDGTs) are ubiquitous microbial lipids with extensive demonstrated and potential roles as paleoenvironmental proxies. Despite the great attention they receive, comparatively little is known regarding their diagenetic fate. Putative degradation products of GDGTs, identified as hydroxyl and carboxyl derivatives, were detected in lipid extracts of marine sediment, seep carbonate, hot spring sediment and cells of the marine thaumarchaeon Nitrosopumilus maritimus. The distribution of GDGT degradation products in environmental samples suggests that both biotic and abiotic processes act as sinks for GDGTs. More than a hundred newly recognized degradation products afford a view of the stepwise degradation …

From Ether To Acid: A Plausible Degradation Pathway Of Glycerol Dialkyl Glycerol Tetraethers, Xiao Lei Liu, Daniel Birgel, Felix J. Elling, Paul A. Sutton, Julius S. Lipp, Rong Zhu, Chuanlun Zhang, M Konneke, Jörn Peckmann, Steven J. Rowland, Roger E. Summons, Kai Uwe Hinrichs

School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences

Glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers (GDGTs) are ubiquitous microbial lipids with extensive demonstrated and potential roles as paleoenvironmental proxies. Despite the great attention they receive, comparatively little is known regarding their diagenetic fate. Putative degradation products of GDGTs, identified as hydroxyl and carboxyl derivatives, were detected in lipid extracts of marine sediment, seep carbonate, hot spring sediment and cells of the marine thaumarchaeon Nitrosopumilus maritimus. The distribution of GDGT degradation products in environmental samples suggests that both biotic and abiotic processes act as sinks for GDGTs. More than a hundred newly recognized degradation products afford a view of the stepwise degradation …

The Eastern Echo, June 14, 2016, Eastern Michigan University

EMU Student Newspaper: The Normal News & The Eastern Echo

No abstract provided.

I-69 Thumb Region Asset Mapping Of Work-Based Programs And Initiatives: Final Report, Lee Adams, Bryan Bommersbach, Brian Pittelko, Claudette Robey, Jim Robey, Bridget Timmeney

Reports

No abstract provided.

Les Rues Des Tableaux: The Geography Of The Parisian Art Market 1815-1955, Léa Saint-Raymond, Félicie De Maupeou, Julien Cavero

Artl@s Bulletin

Building upon a preliminary socioeconomic analysis of the art dealers in Paris between 1815 and 1955 (ARTL@S Bulletin 2, n°2), this paper presents the findings of a spatial study of the Parisian art market in this period. Using serial geographical data drawn from a single, consistent source – the Bottin du commerce – we mapped the spatial evolution of art dealers over 140 years, using a geocoding system with composite locators. The article explores the different spatial dynamics of this market, and seeks to shed light on the links between the evolution of the Parisian economy as a whole and …

Les Transferts De « L’Art Total » De La Suisse Au Brésil : Une Modernisation Très Particulière, Ana Paula Cavalcanti Simioni

Artl@s Bulletin

Cet article considère les projets d’art décoratif réalisés par John et Regina Graz, un couple pionnier dans l’introduction de l’idée d’ « art total » au Brésil (1920-30). On s’intéresse à la façon dont ils transposèrent dans un contexte très différent des modèles et des hiérarchies appris durant leur formation à Genève, selon un processus de réception sélective qui correspondait aux projets d'identité et de distinction de l'élite locale brésilienne. Plus largement, cette étude de la réception des arts décoratifs au Brésil permet de découvrir d'autres modèles artistiques modernistes que ceux venus de Paris, auxquels on résume encore l’histoire de …

Les Peintures De Paysages De Johann Moritz Rugendas : Un Exemple De Transferts Artistiques Entre Europe Et Amérique Latine Au Xixe Siècle, Lucile Magnin

Artl@s Bulletin

Cet article examine deux séries de peintures de paysages réalisées par le peintre voyageur Johann Moritz Rugendas dans les années 1830 : un corpus d’esquisses à l’huile peintes lors de son voyage au Mexique, et un autre ensemble de peintures effectuées lors de sa traversée des Andes entre Santiago du Chili et Mendoza. Il pose la question du transfert et de l’adaptation de techniques apprises et de courants de pensées intégrés en Europe, à des paysages de type nouveau vierges de toute représentation artistique. Il traite également de l’impact qu’eurent les œuvres de cet artiste dans les pays latino-américains où …

L’Architecture Des Premières Maisons Européennes D’Alger, 1830-1865, Asma Hadjilah

Artl@s Bulletin

Dès 1830, la présence française à Alger apporta un changement notable dans paysage architectural de la ville. La construction de maisons européennes en constitue le trait le plus manifeste. Leurs premiers modèles sont élevés au sein même de la ville ottomane, principalement dans sa partie basse. Nous tentons dans cet article d’éclairer certains aspects de ce type d’habitat. Pour ce faire, nous nous appuierons sur les trois outils de travail nécessaires à l’étude de l’architecture mineure, à savoir le parcellaire, le gabarit et l’ordonnancement. Par ailleurs, on interrogera le débat sur la circulation internationale des modèles et leur relation au …

Le Triangle Des Circulations Artistiques Transnationales, Béatrice Joyeux-Prunel, Catherine Dossin

Artl@s Bulletin

L'étude des circulations artistiques à l’échelle mondiale est désormais un champ en pleine expansion ; mais celle des circulations transcontinentales reste un domaine plus réduit. De même, alors que les études de transferts artistiques et culturels bilatéraux sont désormais chose courante, il est plus difficile de trouver des études dans lesquelles un système triangulaire est mis en évidence – où la circulation artistique, qu’il s’agisse d’œuvres, d’artistes, d’esthétiques ou de styles, fait intervenir un nombre au moins ternaire de référentiels culturels, et où les effets de transformation, d’adaptation et de réadaptation sont donc particulièrement complexes. Or, avec un peu d’observation, …

Developing A Sustainable Water Supply In The American West: The Case Of Rio Rancho, New Mexico, Hubert B. Stroud, Mary K. Kilmer

Suburban Sustainability

Suburban and urban communities in the American West are challenged by rapid population growth combined with limited natural resources. Supporting sustainable development is of great concern in this region and in similar regions throughout the world. This research examines the sustainability of the water supply within a rapidly growing suburban city in the American West. The city, Rio Rancho, New Mexico, began as an interstate land sales operation and rapidly became a “boom” town, in part because of its location near metropolitan Albuquerque.

Because of a very limited water supply and an increasing demand for water associated with population growth, …

World Churches Vertical File, Mcgarvey Ice

Center for Restoration Studies Vertical Files Finding Aids

This set of files is especially useful to scholars of the history missions, particularly among Churches of Christ in the twentieth century. Students and researchers interested in applied missiology among Restorationist traditions, Stone-Campbell movements, and Churches of Christ will also find them helpful. For assistance with specific files or items, contact Mac Ice - [email protected], or 325.674.2144.

Fellowship Programs: Best Practice Scan, Walter Wright, Kathryn W. Hexter, Joyce Huang

All Maxine Goodman Levin School of Urban Affairs Publications

No abstract provided.