Digital Commons Network^™

Faster Movement Speed Results In Greater Tendon Strain During The Loaded Squat Exercise, Jacob E. Earp, Robert U. Newton, Prue Cormie, Anthony J. Blazevich

Kinesiology Faculty Publications

Introduction: Tendon dynamics influence movement performance and provide the stimulus for long-term tendon adaptation. As tendon strain increases with load magnitude and decreases with loading rate, changes in movement speed during exercise should influence tendon strain.

Methods: Ten resistance-trained men [squat one repetition maximum (1RM) to body mass ratio: 1.65 ± 0.12] performed parallel-depth back squat lifts with 60% of 1RM load at three different speeds: slow fixed-tempo (TS: 2-s eccentric, 1-s pause, 2-s concentric), volitional-speed without a pause (VS) and maximum-speed jump (JS). In each condition joint kinetics, quadriceps tendon length (L_T), patellar tendon force …

New Hampshire Beaches: Sediment Characterization, Larry G. Ward, Kaitlyn A. Mcpherran, Zachary S. Mcavoy, Maxlimer Coromoto Vallee-Anziani

Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping

The grain size of the natural sediment composing the major New Hampshire beaches under summer equilibrium conditions was determined as a first step in assessing the optimal sediment size that would be needed for beach nourishment. In summer, 2015, seven major beaches including Wallis Sands, Foss Beach, Jenness Beach, North Hampton Beach, North Beach, Hampton Beach, and Seabrook Beach were sampled along three to five transects extending from the dunes or engineering structures (e.g., seawalls) to the low water line. In addition, the beach cross-section was profiled using a rover GPS system or the Emery method (profile rods and the …

Whither Reasonable Suspicion: The Supreme Court's Functional Abandonment Of The Reasonableness Requirement For Fourth Amendment Seizures, Steven P. Grossman

All Faculty Scholarship

Although the United States Supreme Court’s approach to issues governing application of the probable cause requirement of the Fourth Amendment has mutated over the years, at least one aspect of its approach has remained constant. Before information leading to probable cause or its lesser iteration of reasonable suspicion is found to exist, the government must demonstrate in some meaningful way the reliability of the person providing the information or of the information itself. Lacking such reliability, no search or seizure based on probable cause or reasonable suspicion is permitted. In its recent decision in Navarette v. California, the Court largely …

En-Gendering Economic Inequality, Michele E. Gilman

All Faculty Scholarship

We live in an era of growing economic inequality. Luminaries ranging from the President to the Pope to economist Thomas Piketty in his bestselling book Capital in the Twenty- First Century have raised alarms about the disparity between the haves and the have-nots. Overlooked, however, in these important discussions is the reality that economic inequality is not a uniform experience; rather, its effects fall more harshly on women and minorities. With regard to gender, American women have higher rates of poverty and get paid less than comparable men, and their workplace participation rates are falling. Yet economic inequality is neither …

Achieving Sex-Representative International Court Benches, Nienke Grossman

All Faculty Scholarship

Twenty-five years ago, in this Journal, Hilary Charlesworth, Christine Chinkin, and Shelley Wright argued that the structures of international law “privilege men.”1 As shown in Table 1, which summarizes data from a forthcoming article, on nine of twelve international courts of varied size, subject-matter jurisdiction, and global and regional membership, women made up 20 percent or less of the bench in mid 2015.2 On many of these courts, the percentage of women on the bench has stayed constant, vacillated, or even declined over time.3 Women made up a lower percentage of the bench in mid 2015 than in previous years …

The Jocks And The Justice: How Sotomayor Restrained College Athletes, Phillip J. Closius

All Faculty Scholarship

Two judicial opinions have shaped the modem college athletic world. NCAA v. Board of Regents of the University of Oklahoma declared the NCAA's exclusive control over the media rights to college football violated the Sherman Act. That decision allowed universities and conferences to control their own media revenue and laid the foundation for the explosion of coverage and income in college football today. Clarett v. NFL held that the provision then in the National Football League's (NFL) Constitution and By-Laws that prohibited players from being eligible for the NFL draft until three years from the date of their high school …

Toward A Reality-Based Estate Tax, Wendy C. Gerzog

All Faculty Scholarship

Currently, the estate tax does not accurately value the property and transactions that it is meant to cover. Additionally, the marital and charitable deductions do not reflect actual associated transfers, instead skewing their benefits away from their purported beneficiaries. This Article proposes reforming the estate tax by eliminating these sources of unreality and distortion, and to make the current estate tax a reality-based tax. Through six specific proposals, the Article identifies solutions to the problems associated with testamentary transfers, puts forth alternative methods of valuation to prevent gaming of transfer taxes, and offers significant modifications to two deduction provisions.

Analysis And Correction Of Corneal Astigmatism In Modern Pseudophakia, Catriona Ann Hamer

Other Faculty of Health Theses

Toric intraocular lenses (IOLs) are designed to reduce spectacle dependency by correcting corneal astigmatism at the time of surgery. However, these IOLs are reliant on the accurate prediction of post-operative corneal astigmatism through reliable ocular biometry and the accurate calculation of surgically induced astigmatism. In the thesis the repeatability of assessing corneal curvature was assessed using six commercially available keratometers. The results question the validity of corneal biometry and infer that much of the apparent change in corneal shape usually associated with surgically induced astigmatism may be due to measurement error. The use of the oblique cross cylinder formulae for …

Identifying Common Therapeutic Targets In Merlin-Deficient Brain Tumours, Kayleigh Bassiri

Other Faculty of Health Theses

Neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2) is an autosomal dominant inherited condition that predisposes individuals to develop multiple nervous system tumours, primarily schwannoma, meningioma and ependymoma. NF2 is characterised by loss of the tumour suppressor protein Merlin, caused by bi-allelic mutations of the encoding gene NF2 or by loss of heterozygosity. These tumours can occur either sporadically or as part of the NF2 condition. The majority are slow growing and display benign features, but this benignancy renders them largely unresponsive to classic chemotherapeutic agents leaving surgery and radiosurgery as the only remaining treatment options. Depending on their location, NF2-related tumours can cause …

Optimised Mammogram Displays For Improved Breast Cancer Detection, Graeme Alexander Riley

Other Faculty of Health Theses

In current mammography practice, radiologists typically view mammograms in a symmetric, side-by-side, configuration in the belief that abnormalities will be made salient because they break the perceived symmetry. The literature on the use of symmetry as an aid to signal detection is limited and this thesis has taken a psychophysical approach to investigate the radiologist’s task of detecting a small mass (a blob) in paired mammogram backgrounds. Initial experiments used Gaussian white noise and synthetic mammogram backgrounds to test observer performance for the radiologist’s task using symmetric (side-by-side) displays and animated (the two images of a pair alternated sequentially in …

Dose-Banding Studies On Oxaliplatin, Liu Xiaoqing

Other Faculty of Health Theses

Oxaliplatin is an anticancer drug widely used in cancer chemotherapy. This thesis evaluates whether a specific dose-banding scheme for oxaliplatin could replace the individual dosing method that is currently used in the oxaliplatin administration. Dose-banding was introduced into UK clinical practice in 2001, as it reduces delays in patients receiving their treatment and, through quality control and end-product testing, safeguards the infusion quality and patient safety. A range of studies were included in this thesis: an extended stability study on oxaliplatin infusions using a sequential temperature cycling design; studies on oxalate, a potential degradation product and metabolite of oxaliplatin which …

Magnetic Fabric, Palaeomagnetic And Structural Investigation Of The Accretion Of Lower Oceanic Crust Using Ophiolitic Analogues, Matthew Charles Meyer

Other Faculty of Science and Engineering Theses

This thesis presents the results of a combined magnetic fabric and palaeomagnetic analysis of lower crustal rocks exposed in the Oman (Semail) ophiolite. This has long been an important natural laboratory for understanding the construction of oceanic crust at fast spreading axes and its subsequent tectonic evolution, but magnetic investigations in the ophiolite have been limited. Analyses presented here involve using: (i) magnetic anisotropies as a proxy for magmatic petrofabrics in lower crustal rocks in order to contribute to outstanding questions regarding the mode of accretion of fast-spread oceanic crust; and (ii) classical palaeomagnetic analyses to determine the nature of …

A Retro-Projected Robotic Head For Social Human-Robot Interaction, Frédéric C. Delaunay

Other Faculty of Science and Engineering Theses

As people respond strongly to faces and facial features, both consciously and subconsciously, faces are an essential aspect of social robots. Robotic faces and heads until recently belonged to one of the following categories: virtual, mechatronic or animatronic. As an original contribution to the field of human-robot interaction, I present the R-PAF technology (Retro-Projected Animated Faces): a novel robotic head displaying a real-time, computer-rendered face, retro-projected from within the head volume onto a mask, as well as its driving soft-ware designed with openness and portability to other hybrid robotic platforms in mind.The work constitutes the first implementation of a non-planar …

A Framework To Support Developers In The Integration And Application Of Linked And Open Data, Timm Heuss

Other Faculty of Science and Engineering Theses

In the last years, the number of freely available Linked and Open Data datasets has multiplied into tens of thousands. The numbers of applications taking advantage of it, however, have not. Thus, large portions of potentially valuable data remain unexploited and are inaccessible for lay users. Therefore the upfront investment in releasing data in the first place is hard to justify. The lack of applications needs to be addressed in order not to undermine efforts put into Linked and Open Data. In existing research, strong indicators can be found that the dearth of applications is due to a lack of …

Literal And Figurative Meanings Of Spanish Spatial Prepositions In Chinese Students’ Acquisition Of Spanish As A Third Language, Pablo Encinas Arquero

Other Faculty of Arts, Humanities and Business Theses

This thesis investigates the acquisition of the spatial and figurative meanings of five Spanish spatial particles, namely sobre, encima, debajo, bajo and en, by a group of Chinese university students of Spanish as a foreign language at intermediate and upper-intermediate language levels. More specifically, this study aims to answer two questions. The first question considers the order of acquisition of prepositional meanings, that is, whether this is similar to a native language, with literal and more primary meanings acquired first and figurative ones later or, conversely, whether the pattern of acquisition is different to that found in a first language …

That Dark Remembered Day - A Novel, And Critical Self-Reflection On Composition And The Editorial Process, Tom Vowler

Other Faculty of Arts, Humanities and Business Theses

My aim for That Dark Remembered Day was to create a work of fiction with a strong sense of the literary, one whose themes of violence, landscape and survivor guilt shone a light on the human condition, specifically the effects of post-war trauma on one family. The novel’s structure would be crucial in achieving its emotional heft, as each of the central characters is allocated at least one section, the reader experiencing events from disparate and increasingly illuminating perspectives. Fragmenting the book’s chronology (both throughout, but particularly in Part 3) by employing a technique of temporal blurring, helped to recreate …

On The Medium-Term Simulation Of Sediment Transport And Morphological Evolution In Complex Coastal Areas, Benjamin Graham Williams

Other Faculty of Science and Engineering Theses

A program for selecting the optimal wave conditions for morphodynamically accelerated simulations of coastal evolution (‘OPTIWAVE’) has been constructed using a novel Genetic Algorithm approach. The optimization routine iteratively reduces the complexity of an incident wave climate by removing the events that contribute least to a target sediment transport pattern, and then ‘evolving’ a new set of weights for the remaining wave conditions such that the target sediment transport pattern (and magnitude) is optimally maintained. The efficacy of OPTIWAVE to satisfactorily reduce the incident wave climate is tested against three coastal modeling paradigms of increasing complexity: (a) A simple 1-D …

Evaluating Climatic Response To External Radiative Forcing During The Late Miocene To Early Pliocene: New Perspectives From Eastern Equatorial Pacific (Iodp U1338) And North Atlantic (Odp 982) Locations, Anna J. Drury, Cédric M. John, Amelia E. Shevenell

Marine Science Faculty Publications

Orbital‐scale climate variability during the latest Miocene‐early Pliocene is poorly understood due to a lack of high‐resolution records spanning 8.0–3.5 Ma, which resolve all orbital cycles. Assessing this variability improves understanding of how Earth's system sensitivity to insolation evolves and provides insight into the factors driving the Messinian Salinity Crisis (MSC) and the Late Miocene Carbon Isotope Shift (LMCIS). New high‐resolution benthic foraminiferal Cibicidoides mundulus δ¹⁸O and δ¹³C records from equatorial Pacific International Ocean Drilling Program Site U1338 are correlated to North Atlantic Ocean Drilling Program Site 982 to obtain a global perspective. Four long‐term benthic …

Predicting Suitable Habitat Decline Of Midwestern United States Amphibians And Quantifying The Consequence Of Declines Using Pond-Breeding Salamanders, Brock Struecker

Master's Theses

With current declines of vertebrate taxa meeting or exceeding those of historic mass extinction events, there is a growing need to investigate the main drivers of declines. Amphibians are perhaps at greatest risk of global climate change and land-use changes than most other vertebrate classes and also have significant roles in ecosystem processes – combined, this creates a cause for concern. I designed a study that would investigate the effects of current and predicted climate change and land-use changes on amphibians using species distribution models and a field study to identify the potential consequences of amphibian species declines by investigating …

Role Of Pkc Delta In Uv Radiation Dna Damage Repair, Gargi Patil

Master's Theses

DNA damage caused by ultraviolet radiation (UV), such as cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPD), is repaired by the nucleotide excision repair (NER) pathway. When NER is defective, DNA damage is not repaired, leading to mutations and skin cancer. After DNA damage, the cell cycle is halted at various checkpoints to allow time for repair of the damage and maintain genomic integrity, however little is known about the coordination between NER DNA damage repair and cell cycle halting at checkpoints after DNA damage. Protein kinase C δ (PKCδ) plays major role in apoptosis and maintains the G2/M checkpoint in response to UV …

Lactobacillus Crispatus Produces A Bacteridical Molecule That Kills Uropathogenic E. Coli, Katherine Diebel

Master's Theses

As many as 1 in 2 women will have at least one urinary tract infection (UTI) in their lifetime. UTIs can cause complications in pregnancy and decrease quality of life, and their treatment and prevention are expensive. Uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC) is the primary cause of UTI. The probiotic and bactericidal capacities of gut and vaginal Lactobacillus isolates have been studied, but the same attention has not been paid to urinary strains. These urinary isolates of L. crispatus appear to have a greater killing capacity against UPEC and this bactericidal activity does not depend on the cells themselves, consistent with …

Common Core For Social Justice?: Arendtian Critical Thinking And The Common Core State Standards, Chandler Bain Meyer

Master's Theses

Through Hannah Arendt’s inspection of Adolf Eichmann, her studies of Kant’s political philosophy, and Life of the Mind she examines what it means to think critically and deconstructs the taken-for-granted action of thought. This paper is premised by the same guiding question as Arendt asks herself: Could thinking be a condition that makes people abstain from committing injustice or be conditioned against it? Arendt, clearly building on Kant, certainly thought it is probable; suggesting that Eichmann was not purely wicked or laced with stupidity, but the “macabre comedy” he landed a starring role in was a result of simple thoughtlessness. …

The Church And The Body, Kristina Russie

Master's Theses

An inquiry into the dominant messages surrounding bodies in mainstream protestant church discourse, "The Church and the Body" discusses where these messages come from, critically evaluates them, and considers alternative theological messages.

Results From The Survey Of Antibiotic Resistance (Soar) 2011-14 In The Democratic Republic Of Congo, Ivory Coast, Republic Of Senegal And Kenya, A. Kacou-Ndouba, Gunturu Revathi, P. Mwathi, A. Seck, A. Diop, M. J. Kabedi-Bajani, W. Mwiti, M. J. Anguibi-Pokou, I. Morrissey, D. Torumkuney

Pathology, East Africa

Objectives: To assess antibiotic susceptibility of community-acquired respiratory tract isolates from Ivory Coast, Kenya, Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) and Senegal in 2011–14.

Methods: Bacterial isolates were collected and MICs determined using Etest^® for all antibiotics except erythromycin, for which testing was by disc diffusion. Susceptibility was assessed using CLSI, EUCAST and pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) breakpoints. For macrolide interpretation, CLSI breakpoints were adjusted for incubation in CO₂.

Results: Susceptibility to penicillin (using CLSI oral or EUCAST breakpoints) was low among isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae from the DRC and Kenya (17.4% and 19%, respectively) but higher among isolates from …

Summertime Sleep And Bmi In Urban Minority Girls: Relations To Physical Activity And Executive Functions, Carolyn Rose Bates

Master's Theses

Urban minority youth, particularly females, are at high risk for increased weight gain during the summertime months, and may also experience insufficient sleep at this time. Few studies have objectively measured summertime sleep in this population or related sleep to weight gain during this season. The current study draws on a sample of 66 urban minority girls aged 10-to-14 who participated in a community-based summer day camp program promoting physical activity (PA). The study objectively characterizes sleep in this sample, both in unstructured and structured contexts. Additionally, the study examines potential pathways underlying summertime relations between sleep and weight, including …

Investigating Effective Factors On Designing Of Educational Spaces With An Approach To Increase Learning Rate And To Improve Creativity Among Children, Leila Shojaei, Majid Shahbazi

Khazar Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences

The environment and space in which we are living affectour spirit and thought. Creativity is a potential ability within thehuman being. This ability is flourished in theproperand cherishing environment. An environment that is able to flourish a child’s potential abilities seems to be necessary, regarding the importance of the childhood ages and learning at that time. At thefirst stage, an environment designed to develop a child’s creativity should be able to fulfill his physical and mental needs. Securing tranquility and safety of children isthe firstrequirement of a proper environment for children. It will prepare the ground for children’s creativity. In …

The Legal Capacity Of Deaf Persons In The Decisions Of The Imperial Court Of Justice Between 1880 And 1900, Raluca Enescu, Anja Werner

SOLON Law, Crime and History (previously SOLON Crimes and Misdemeanours: Deviance and the Law in Historical Perspective)

The inclusion of deaf persons in a judicial setting raised questions about their ability to bear witness, be convicted, conclude a marriage, make a will and, of course, about the ability of the court to communicate with them. In their decisions, the judges of the Imperial Court of Justice in Leipzig shed light on their interpretation of the capacity of deaf persons to participate in the legal realm. The motivation of their judgments drew comparisons with different categories of citizens to compensate for incomplete laws. They also took into account developments in the education of deaf persons regarding their communication …

Taking Patents, Gregory Dolin, Irina D. Manta

All Faculty Scholarship

The America Invents Act (AIA) was widely hailed as a remedy to the excessive number of patents that the Patent & Trademark Office issued, and especially ones that would later turn out to be invalid. In its efforts to eradicate “patent trolls” and fend off other ills, however, the AIA introduced serious constitutional problems that this Article brings to the fore. We argue that the AIA’s new “second-look” mechanisms in the form of Inter Partes Review (IPR) and Covered Business Method Review (CBMR) have greatly altered the scope of vested patent rights by modifying the boundaries of existing patents. The …

Case Commentaries

Transactions: The Tennessee Journal of Business Law

No abstract provided.

China-Taiwan Relations: The Persistent Deadlock Amid Cycles Of Stability And Change, Jordan E. Shremshock

Senior Independent Study Theses

Why does the deadlock that has defined China-Taiwan relations for 65 years persist despite periods of extreme tension and change? I use the Model of Punctuated Equilibrium from evolutionary biology as a framework to answer this question. The PE Model is comprised of two parts, positive and negative feedback. A positive feedback mechanism, or punctuation, is a self-reinforcing process in which rapid change occurs as a result of attention-shift and mimicking. A negative feedback cycle, or equilibrium, is a self-correcting mechanism, which equalizes any outside force to create a stable output. According to this model, if China and Taiwan increase …