Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®
- Discipline
-
- Social and Behavioral Sciences (5778)
- Law (5684)
- Physical Sciences and Mathematics (3955)
- Arts and Humanities (3830)
- Education (3588)
-
- Medicine and Health Sciences (3362)
- Engineering (3099)
- Life Sciences (2618)
- Psychology (1538)
- Computer Sciences (1261)
- Business (1210)
- Religion (908)
- History (843)
- Communication (820)
- Sociology (804)
- Higher Education (748)
- Electrical and Computer Engineering (698)
- Medical Specialties (623)
- Physics (616)
- Public Health (607)
- Mechanical Engineering (558)
- Constitutional Law (554)
- Public Affairs, Public Policy and Public Administration (549)
- Teacher Education and Professional Development (538)
- Biology (537)
- Civil and Environmental Engineering (527)
- Computer Engineering (518)
- Curriculum and Instruction (481)
- Economics (471)
- Nursing (470)
- Institution
-
- UIdaho Law (1388)
- University of Nebraska - Lincoln (1068)
- Purdue University (831)
- Brigham Young University (823)
- Villanova University Charles Widger School of Law (690)
-
- University of South Florida (638)
- City University of New York (CUNY) (586)
- Walden University (567)
- University of Kentucky (554)
- Utah State University (542)
- Louisiana State University (536)
- Brigham Young University Law School (505)
- University of Montana (466)
- University of Plymouth (464)
- Singapore Management University (389)
- University of New Hampshire (387)
- University of Mississippi (380)
- University of South Carolina (359)
- University of Central Florida (349)
- University of New Mexico (349)
- California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo (344)
- TÜBİTAK (342)
- Portland State University (341)
- West Virginia University (325)
- Old Dominion University (321)
- Nova Southeastern University (319)
- University of Memphis (314)
- Eastern Michigan University (310)
- Washington University School of Medicine (301)
- Georgia Southern University (297)
- Keyword
-
- Education (396)
- Applied sciences (218)
- EIU (184)
- Humans (176)
- Daily Eastern News (148)
-
- Eastern Illinois University (148)
- Psychology (147)
- Syllabus, syllabi, journalism, communication, media, strategic media (147)
- United States (145)
- Gender (139)
- Newspaper (127)
- Technology (125)
- Higher education (120)
- Assessment (117)
- Communication (111)
- Female (107)
- Leadership (106)
- Social sciences (106)
- Newspapers (105)
- Race (105)
- Ethics (104)
- Women (101)
- English (98)
- Male (97)
- Mathematics (96)
- Memory (95)
- Student newspaper (94)
- Simulation (93)
- Climate change (92)
- History (92)
- Publication
-
- Theses and Dissertations (1408)
- Not Reported (921)
- Electronic Theses and Dissertations (683)
- Faculty Publications (678)
- 2016 Decisions (615)
-
- Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies (548)
- Idaho Supreme Court Records & Briefs, All (459)
- Faculty Scholarship (410)
- Open Access Dissertations (375)
- Dissertations (372)
- Utah Court of Appeals Briefs (2007– 2019) (359)
- Theses (273)
- Honors Theses (272)
- University of Montana Course Syllabi (268)
- Open Access Publications (266)
- Articles (259)
- Master's Theses (255)
- Publications and Research (248)
- EMU Today (231)
- USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations (223)
- Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects (206)
- The Catholic Lawyer (202)
- Masters Theses (197)
- Doctoral Dissertations (193)
- Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems (188)
- Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD) (179)
- Open Access Theses (179)
- Graduate Theses and Dissertations (163)
- Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences (148)
- Journalism and Strategic Media Syllabi Archive (147)
- Publication Type
Articles 2341 - 2370 of 41046
Full-Text Articles in Entire DC Network
Pink Glasses: A Work In Progress, Dominique Maldonado
Pink Glasses: A Work In Progress, Dominique Maldonado
Capstone Projects and Master's Theses
A creative writing anthology (poems, short fiction, and non-fiction) that showcases both the positive and negative personal experiences of being an older, learning disabled student.
Taboo, Peter Xiong
Taboo, Peter Xiong
Capstone Projects and Master's Theses
My project will be a manual script of two chapters from the future novel Taboo which will explore the life of a Hmong living in America. The novel will consist of creative non-fiction, poetry and mixed media, the combination of a written novel and collection of visuals content. The first chapter Rain and one other chapter in the novel Taboo will be the focus point of my project. These two chapters will represent moments in the characters life that has molded his identity of being a Hmong person living in the United States. These stories are based on true events …
Becoming Me: A Journey To Womanhood, Haley M. Mathis
Becoming Me: A Journey To Womanhood, Haley M. Mathis
Capstone Projects and Master's Theses
A collection of autobiographical creative writing pieces, specifically, poems. The pieces will be arranged in chronological order from childhood to the present. Project will aim to establish my own acceptance of my flaws in a country that’s culture values appearance as a priority.
Using Gis To Detect Land Use Changes In The Salinas River Valley From 2001 And 2011, Brian Strukan
Using Gis To Detect Land Use Changes In The Salinas River Valley From 2001 And 2011, Brian Strukan
Capstone Projects and Master's Theses
The use of a Geographic Information System (GIS) to explore, analyze, and interpret our environment is a relatively new technology with exciting new advances emerging each day. GIS can be used along with satellite imagery to detect changes on Earth’s surface (Delavar, 2015). With the human population growing rapidly, it has become very important to monitor when, where, and how we are changing the planet. Using the theory of land economics, coupled with land classification maps from 2001 and 2011, I will explain how cities are changing in the Salinas River Valley, a prime agricultural zone in central California. Are …
3-Axis Automated Probe Traverse For Aerodynamic Testing, Tananant Boonya-Ananta, Ricky Wai, Zander Oostman, Teyvon Brooks
3-Axis Automated Probe Traverse For Aerodynamic Testing, Tananant Boonya-Ananta, Ricky Wai, Zander Oostman, Teyvon Brooks
Mechanical Engineering
Our primary objective is to design, build, and test an automated traverse to hold measurement probes in Cal Poly’s low speed wind tunnel. The device should cause minimal flow disturbance. It’s movements must be able to cover eighty percent of the three-dimensional test section. The device should have a mounting point for interchangeable probes. The assembly is to be integrated with the current frame structure on the wind tunnel test section, and should allow very minimal deflection of the measurement probe. The user should be able to control the motion of the traverse via a computer interface which supports automatic …
Vol. 8 No. 1, Fall 2016; Table Of Contents & Masthead, Northern Illinois University Law Review Online Supplement, Northern Illinois University Law Review Online Supplement
Vol. 8 No. 1, Fall 2016; Table Of Contents & Masthead, Northern Illinois University Law Review Online Supplement, Northern Illinois University Law Review Online Supplement
Northern Illinois Law Review Supplement
No abstract provided.
Vol. 8 No. 1, Fall 2016; Respite For Tantalus: Illinois’S Sexually Violent Persons Commitment Act – Due Process In (In)Action, Brian E. Wilson
Vol. 8 No. 1, Fall 2016; Respite For Tantalus: Illinois’S Sexually Violent Persons Commitment Act – Due Process In (In)Action, Brian E. Wilson
Northern Illinois Law Review Supplement
Under current Illinois law, criminals who have been adjudicated guilty of committing certain types of sex offenses can, at any point during their incarceration, be involuntarily committed indefinitely. They are sent to the Treatment and Detention Facility in Rushville, Illinois, where they are to undergo treatment for various disorders, and are not released until the Department of Human Services determines they no longer present a danger of re-offending. While this is the intent of the law, in practice this secondary commitment is violating these offenders' Due Process rights. This Comment examines the Sexually Violent Persons Commitment Act in Illinois; its …
Revolutionized Additive Manufacturing, Matthew Walker, Winthrop Townsend, Luca Fuller
Revolutionized Additive Manufacturing, Matthew Walker, Winthrop Townsend, Luca Fuller
Mechanical Engineering
No abstract provided.
Life Cycle Assessment Of Greenhouse Gas Emissions, Traditional Air Pollutants, Water Depletion, And Cumulative Energy Demand From 2-Mw Wind Turbines In Texas, Ali Alsaleh
Civil Engineering Dissertations - Archive
¶One renewable energy source that has witnessed a significant growth in the recent years is wind energy, with the installation of new wind farms around the globe as well as the innovations in wind power technology, which have increased the efficiency of this source. Wind power generates electrical energy from the wind’s kinetic energy without causing emissions or pollution from power production; however, environmental effects are caused by the wind turbine manufacturing, transport, and other phases. Therefore, the overall goal of this study was to analyze the environmental effects associated with wind energy technology by taking into consideration the entire …
Open Chambers Revisited: Demystifying The Inner Workings And Culture Of The Georgia Court Of Appeals, Stephen Louis A. Dillard
Open Chambers Revisited: Demystifying The Inner Workings And Culture Of The Georgia Court Of Appeals, Stephen Louis A. Dillard
Mercer Law Review
I was sitting in my cluttered but comfortable office, preparing for what would ultimately be my last hearing as a lawyer, when the phone rang. On the other end of the line was Governor Sonny Perdue's executive assistant: "Mr. Dillard, do you have time to speak with the governor?" I did, of course. And less than two weeks after that brief but life-changing conversation with Governor Perdue, I was one of Georgia's two newlyappointed appellate judges (and the seventy-third judge to serve on the court of appeals since 1906).
Over six years have passed now, and during that time a …
Administrative Law, Jennifer B. Alewine, Courtney E. Ferrell, Erin G. Watstein
Administrative Law, Jennifer B. Alewine, Courtney E. Ferrell, Erin G. Watstein
Mercer Law Review
This Article surveys cases from the Georgia Supreme Court and the Georgia Court of Appeals from June 1, 2015 to May 31, 2016, in which principles of administrative law were a central focus of the case.' Exhaustion of administrative remedies will be the first topic discussed, to be followed by standard of review of an agency decision, then on to statutory construction, with sovereign immunity and discretionary appeals to follow, and the article will conclude with a brief review of enactments from the 2016 regular session of the Georgia General Assembly.
Criminal Law, Bernadette C. Crucilla
Criminal Law, Bernadette C. Crucilla
Mercer Law Review
As in prior periods, this year's survey of criminal law will include only a few of the most significant cases and statutory amendments. Due to the constant evolution of criminal laws in our society, it is simply not practical to attempt to make note of every legal development. Therefore, the discussion is limited to those changes that will have the widest application and interest to criminal law practitioners for the period from June 1, 2015 through May 31, 2016.
Domestic Relations, Barry B. Mcgough, Elinor H. Hitt, Katherine C. Mcguire
Domestic Relations, Barry B. Mcgough, Elinor H. Hitt, Katherine C. Mcguire
Mercer Law Review
This Article addresses significant case law that arose in Georgia domestic relations law from June 1, 2015 to May 31, 2016.
Workers' Compensation, H. Michael Bagley, J. Benson Ward
Workers' Compensation, H. Michael Bagley, J. Benson Ward
Mercer Law Review
The 2015 - 2016 survey period featured decisions of the appellate courts impacting the workers' compensation system on issues ranging from willful misconduct to statutes of limitations.
Development Of A Parametric Cost Estimating Model For University Of Alaska System Renovation Construction Projects, Gregory Puckett
Development Of A Parametric Cost Estimating Model For University Of Alaska System Renovation Construction Projects, Gregory Puckett
Student Projects for Graduate Degrees
Early building construction planning strategies provide the foundation for the subsequent performance and success of a project. Cost estimates for projects with minimal scope of work definition, but within the range of accuracy established by industry-recognized professional standards, represent a critical factor in screening potential endeavors against competing alternatives and establishing baseline budgets. Parametric cost estimating models provide owners and managers a tool to develop a prediction of costs and determine the feasibility of a project. This study investigated the process and performance of parametric cost estimates for building renovation projects by analyzing cost data and construction documentation for 50 …
Haul Truck Tires Recycling, Omkar Bhave
Haul Truck Tires Recycling, Omkar Bhave
Chemical Engineering Undergraduate Honors Theses
The disposal of large Off-the-Road (OTR) tires is an increasingly important concern. These tires can weigh up to 8,450 pounds with an overall diameter and width of approximately 140.7 inches and 45.1 inches respectively. OTR tires are used for mining vehicles such as haul trucks, wheel loaders, backhoes, graders, and trenchers.[1] These new tires cost between $38,000 and $50,000 each, depending on multiple factors including oil prices and the cyclical nature of the industry. Haul trucks contain six tires per vehicle, and mines replace these tires around every 9-12 months.[2] Statistics regarding discarded OTR tires are not provided by the …
Race And Criminal Justice In Canada, Charles E. Reasons, Shereen Hassan, Melinda Bige, Christianne Paras, Simranjit Arora
Race And Criminal Justice In Canada, Charles E. Reasons, Shereen Hassan, Melinda Bige, Christianne Paras, Simranjit Arora
All Faculty Scholarship for the College of the Sciences
The relationship between race and crime has long been a subject of study in the United States; however, such analysis is more recent in Canada. A major factor impeding such study is the fact that racial/ethnic data are not routinely collected and available in Canada, unlike the United States. The collection of such data would arguably undermine the multi-cultural mosaic of Canada as a place of acceptance and tolerance. However, the lack of such data bellies research suggesting that race plays a role in the Canadian criminal justice system. Using available, albeit, limited research studies and their data, the role …
The New Radicals: How Wage Labor, Physical Abuse And An Agrarian Crisis Shaped Women's Participation In The Zapatista Rebellion, Patrick E. Brady
The New Radicals: How Wage Labor, Physical Abuse And An Agrarian Crisis Shaped Women's Participation In The Zapatista Rebellion, Patrick E. Brady
Honors Capstones
My experiences in San Cristóbal de las Casas have been the primary motivation for my interest in female Zapatistas. Ever since I concluded my research project, I have had a question that has been largely unanswered by scholars. What are the separate economic and social factors that motivated indigenous Tetzel and Tzotzil men and women to volunteer in the Zapatista Rebellion, and how has feminism influenced indigenous women’s participation in the rebellion? Up to this point, few historians have studied the gendered nature of the causes for indigenous participation in the EZLN. Those who have were concerned with the impact …
Reformed Worship (Rw) 122 - Lent / Easter (December 2016), Reformed Worship Editors
Reformed Worship (Rw) 122 - Lent / Easter (December 2016), Reformed Worship Editors
Reformed Worship Magazine
Features
Worship Series: Freedom from Fear by Marcus Roskamp....3
The Final Hours by Chris Walker....8
Called to New Life by Kathryn Roelofs and Meg Jenista Kuykendall....26
Articles
Editorial: Contemplate the Grave by Joyce Borger....2
Q&A: The Holy Spirit in Worship by John D. Witvliet....39
A Primer on Congregational Fasting by J. E. Eubanks Jr.....42
On Worship Technology by Roderick Jager....44
For Pastors: Celebrating the Reformation Graciously by Scott Hoezee....47
Resources
Walk in His Steps by Christopher Wheeler....13
The Path to the Cross by Kelly VanderWoude....19
The Light Dawns by Patricia …
M049 Effects Of Compaction And Soil Moisture On American Burying Beetles, W. Wyatt Hoback
M049 Effects Of Compaction And Soil Moisture On American Burying Beetles, W. Wyatt Hoback
Nebraska Department of Transportation: Research Reports
Silphid beetles in the genus Nicrophorus bury themselves during periods of inactivity, however, the influence of soil characteristics on burial behavior remains unclear. We examined soil preferences of the federally endangered Nicrophorus americanus, as well as of N. carolinus, N. marginatus, N. obscurus, and N. orbicollis, in a series of experiments. Differences in burial depth by sex were found for N. carolinus, N. marginatus, and N. obscurus, which are diurnal species. Both sexes of N. americanus bury to a mean depth of 18 cm. Soil preferences tested included sand versus sandy loam versus sandy loess, degrees of soil moisture, and …
Evaluation Of Dowel Bar Inserter Practices In Pcc Pavements With Magnetic Tomography Technology, Farshad Fallah, Yong-Rak Kim
Evaluation Of Dowel Bar Inserter Practices In Pcc Pavements With Magnetic Tomography Technology, Farshad Fallah, Yong-Rak Kim
Nebraska Department of Transportation: Research Reports
Dowel Bar Inserters (DBI) are automated mechanical equipment that position dowel bars in Portland Cement Concrete (PCC) after concrete is placed. Compared to the alternative approach, which is using dowel baskets, DBIs offer advantages in cost and speed of construction. However, as dowel bars are not anchored to the subgrade similar to dowel baskets, there is a concern about the quality of dowel placement using this equipment. Improper placement of dowel bars can lead to reduced load transfer between slabs, which results in pavement distresses such as faulting and spalling at joints. To determine the accuracy of dowel placement by …
Evaluating The Likelihood Of Use Of Bispectral Index Guided Anesthesia As A Strategy To Reduce Postoperative Delirium In Surgical Patients 65 Years Of Age Or Older, Simon Jack Gibson
Evaluating The Likelihood Of Use Of Bispectral Index Guided Anesthesia As A Strategy To Reduce Postoperative Delirium In Surgical Patients 65 Years Of Age Or Older, Simon Jack Gibson
Doctoral Projects
Postoperative delirium (POD) is the most common postoperative complication in the elderly, accounting for approximately $164 billion in costs per year in the United States (Inouye, Westendorp, & Saczynski, 2014, p. 911). This complication occurs in as many as 50% of elderly patients, but can be prevented as much as 40% of the time (Inouye et al., 2014). The use of processed encephalographic monitoring, such as Bispectral Index (BIS) monitoring, to guide anesthetic dosage is the single intraoperative intervention with enough evidence to support it as a recommendation for use to reduce POD (American Geriatrics Society, 2015). There were two …
Efficacy Of Intravenous Ondansetron In Relieving Nausea/Vomiting And Pruritus Post Epidural Administered Opioids In The Obstetric Patient, Benjamin Stephen Butler
Efficacy Of Intravenous Ondansetron In Relieving Nausea/Vomiting And Pruritus Post Epidural Administered Opioids In The Obstetric Patient, Benjamin Stephen Butler
Doctoral Projects
One prominent side effect in the use of a neuraxial anesthesia is pruritus, with an incidence in the obstetric patient of 60-100% (Kumar & Singh, 2013). Another side effect of an epidural placement is nausea and vomiting. Nausea and vomiting occurs frequently during the progress of labor and is difficult to determine an incidence that is related to epidural opioid administration (Chestnut, Wong, Tsen, Ngan Kee, Beilin, & Mhyre, 2014). A review of literature was performed and established evidence that ondansetron is effective in reducing incidence of pruritus in intrathecal administered opioids for cesarean sections in the obstetric patient. No …
Functional 3-D Cellulose And Nitrocellulose Paper-Based, Microfluidic Device Utilizing Elisa Technology For The Detection/Distinction Between Hemorrhagic And Ischemic Strokes, Alicia Leanne Holler
Functional 3-D Cellulose And Nitrocellulose Paper-Based, Microfluidic Device Utilizing Elisa Technology For The Detection/Distinction Between Hemorrhagic And Ischemic Strokes, Alicia Leanne Holler
Master's Theses
The purpose of this thesis project is to demonstrate and evaluate an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) on a paper microfluidic device platform. The integration of ELISA technology onto paper microfluidic chips allows for a quantitative detection of stroke biomarkers, such as glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). Dye experiments were performed to confirm fluid connectivity throughout the 3D chips. Several chip and housing designs were fabricated to determine an optimal design for the microfluidic device. Once this design was finalized, development time testing was performed. The results confirmed that the paper microfluidic device could successfully route fluid throughout its channels at …
Compounding Fire Disturbance History Encourages Coast Redwood (Sequoia Sempervirens) Regeneration And Community Dominance, Matthew R. Brousil
Compounding Fire Disturbance History Encourages Coast Redwood (Sequoia Sempervirens) Regeneration And Community Dominance, Matthew R. Brousil
Master's Theses
Disturbance is fundamental to forest ecosystem function and overall health, but climate change is likely to increase both disturbance frequency and intensity in the future. Forests subject to increasingly frequent and intense disturbances are more likely to experience compounding disturbance effects. Compounding disturbances may exert unpredicted, non-additive stresses on ecosystems, leading to novel conditions that may exceed the capacity for local species to survive and regenerate. I further hypothesize that compounding disturbances could create conditions misaligned with species’ adaptations by altering physical and chemical growing conditions in forest soils, affecting forest composition, structure, and, subsequently, function for many years following …
Pluralizing The "Sharing" Economy, Erez Aloni
Pluralizing The "Sharing" Economy, Erez Aloni
Washington Law Review
The so-called “sharing” economy presents one of the most important and controversial regulatory dilemmas of our time—yet, surprisingly, it remains undertheorized. This Article supplies needed analysis. Specifically, the Article offers a regulatory model that distinguishes between two separate kinds of transactions: conventional economic transactions and those that rely on temporary access to goods and services that would otherwise go underutilized (what I call “access-to-excess” transactions). The regulatory regime that this Article proposes would distinguish between true access-to-excess transactions and conventional transactions. The model is rooted in a version of pluralist theory that posits that the state is responsible for cultivating …
The Antidemocratic Sixth Amendment, Janet Moore
The Antidemocratic Sixth Amendment, Janet Moore
Washington Law Review
Criminal procedure experts often claim that poor people have no Sixth Amendment right to choose their criminal defense lawyers. These experts insist that the Supreme Court has reserved the Sixth Amendment right to choose for the small minority of defendants who can afford to hire counsel. This Article upends that conventional wisdom with new doctrinal, theoretical, and practical arguments supporting a Sixth Amendment right to choose for all defendants, including the overwhelming majority who are indigent. The Article’s fresh case analysis shows the Supreme Court’s “no-choice” statements are dicta, which the Court’s own reasoning and rulings refute. The Article’s new …
Spiritual Direction With Children The Next Natural Step In The Christian Historical Progression Of Children's Spiritual Formation, Lacy Finn Borgo
Spiritual Direction With Children The Next Natural Step In The Christian Historical Progression Of Children's Spiritual Formation, Lacy Finn Borgo
Doctor of Ministry
Children without a listening and guiding companion miss opportunities to build upon their connection with God and others. Historically, from a western Protestant viewpoint, Christians have struggled to understand or acknowledge, much less encourage, the reciprocal nature of a child’s life with God. Supporting the reciprocal nature of a child’s life with God includes acknowledging their full humanity by embracing childhood as a fully human state and therefore their need for a whole person spiritual formation. The institution of Sunday School, Godly Play, and the Children’s Spirituality Movement have each helped us to understand, acknowledge and encourage a child’s life …
Characterizing Sleeping Habits And Disturbances Among Saudi Adults, Mohamad A. Al-Tannir, Samer Y. Kobrosly, Ahmad H. Al-Badr, Nourhan A. Salloum, Youssef M. Altannir, Husam M. Sakkijha
Characterizing Sleeping Habits And Disturbances Among Saudi Adults, Mohamad A. Al-Tannir, Samer Y. Kobrosly, Ahmad H. Al-Badr, Nourhan A. Salloum, Youssef M. Altannir, Husam M. Sakkijha
Saudi Medical Journal
Objectives To characterize sleeping habits, assess sleep disturbance prevalence, and identify associated factors among Saudi adults. Methods A total of 1720 adults were approached for this observational cross-sectional study between October 2014 and March 2015. The study took place in Riyadh, the capital of Saudi Arabia. We used a questionnaire to describe sleeping characteristics in relation to existing chronic diseases, smoking status, obesity, daily performance and sociodemographic variables. Results The response rate was 79.6% (1369 participants), 61.6% have or may have sleeping disturbances of which 18.6% claimed either slowed or stopped breathing during sleep. Women reported a higher prevalence of …
A Stepwise Introduction Of A Successful Antimicrobial Stewardship Program: Experience From A Tertiary Care University Hospital In Western, Saudi Arabia, Maha M. Alawi, Bayan M. Darwesh
A Stepwise Introduction Of A Successful Antimicrobial Stewardship Program: Experience From A Tertiary Care University Hospital In Western, Saudi Arabia, Maha M. Alawi, Bayan M. Darwesh
Saudi Medical Journal
Objectives To analyze and evaluate the safety and cost-effectiveness of a gradually-implemented antimicrobial stewardship programs (ASP) in a tertiary care center. Methods Prospective data were collected from an ASP that was gradually introduced between April 2012 and December 2013 in 6 hospital departments, over successive periods of 3 months each. A multidisciplinary team supervised antibiotic use and regulated pharmacy dispensations of a list of restricted antimicrobials (RAs). Indicators were prospectively monitored and included hospital mortality as the safety indicator; incidence of multi-drug resistance (MDR) infections as the effectiveness indicator, RA cost savings as the cost-effectiveness indicator and RA consumption indicated …