Digital Commons Network^™

People's War In Cyberspace: Using China's Civilian Economy In The Information Domain, Kieran Richard Green

Military Cyber Affairs

China is identified as posing a key challenge to US national security interests in cyberspace. These threats are incurred across the spectrum of conflict, ranging from low-level crime, to network penetration, to cyberattacks that have the potential to cause major physical destruction. Thus far, the majority of strategic assessments of China’s cyber capabilities have focused on the role of the People’s Liberation Army (PLA), which is officially tasked with undertaking offensive operations in cyberspace.[1] However, China does not employ its cyber capabilities in isolation. Rather, it considers cyber to be part of the “Information Domain.” In Chinese doctrine, controlling …

A Case For Deception In The Defense, Spencer R. Calder

Military Cyber Affairs

Cyber deception may be used fairly easily in a contested cyberspace to impose disproportionate operational cost to adversarial actors. Concepts of what comprise a legitimate defensive effort in cyberspace are changing. The concept of a rigid perimeter defense as a panacea are increasingly viewed as a fallacy. “Sovereign” cyberspaces are increasingly contested. Concurrently to these trends, the Department of Defense is moving toward standardization and homogenization of cyberspace that may facilitate enemy operation in our spaces. Military deception doctrine has been used successfully in conflict through the history of warfare in contested spaces and may provide a useful taxonomy to …

Leveraging Lexical Link Analysis (Lla) To Discover New Knowledge, Ying Zhao, Douglas J. Mackinnon, Shelley P. Gallup, Joseph L. Billingsley

Military Cyber Affairs

Lexical Link Analysis (LLA) is a form of text mining in which word meanings represented in lexical terms (e.g., word pairs) are treated as if they are in a community of a word network. LLA can provide automated awareness for analyzing text data and reveal previously unknown, data-driven themed connections. We applied LLA to develop authentic archetypes and conversely determine potential imposters of that same archetype. We use publically available social media data to develop a cyber professional as an example. This paper reports the development of the algorithm, the collection and labeling of data, as well as the results …

Parallel Session: The Mediating Role Of Brand Image Of Health Product Brands On Consumer-Brand Relationships In Social Media, Dilip Mutum, Jing Ning, Ezlika Ghazali

International Conference on Marketing

This paper presents the finding of a study which examines the mediating role of brand image towards the effects of various brand factors influencing consumer-brand relationship, viz., brand experience, brand attribute, endorser effect, brand familiarity, online advertisement and social media engagement. This paper was extracted from a much larger study which examined the relationships in the context of health product brands in Malaysia. The results of this study hold important implications for both practitioners and academics. Marketers need to make efforts to further improve their brand image and communicate it clearly to the consumers. This will lead to better consumer …

Parallel Session: Tactics To Save Brands From Failure, Kausar Saeed, Syed Fahim, Aisha Siddiqui, Kamran Siddiqui

International Conference on Marketing

The purpose of this study is to present the experts opinion about various tactics used to save brands from permanent failures. The sampling technique used in this survey was judgmental with a sample size of 196 marketing professionals from FMCG, health, pharmaceutical, services and manufacturing sectors based in Karachi. Using Exploratory Factor Analyses tactics are summarized into groups. This paper offers numerous expert opinions about tactics to save brands from permanent failure. Provides valuable analyses for marketing/brand professional and academics.

Parallel Session: Translating Practice Theory Into Consumer Research With Coherent Research Strategies, Yoon Lee, Amrul Asraf Mohd- Any, Norbani Che-Ha

International Conference on Marketing

This article contributes to the underexplored methodological issues of translating practice theory into empirical consumer research. Practice theory conceptualises consumption as meaningful outcomes of social accomplishments which decentres the traditional influential roles of consumer emphasizes the performative dimension of the doings, saying, and material objects. Because consumers involved with practices are treated merely as „carriers‟, the analysis focus is shifted from consumer to consumption practice. However, practices are difficult to access, observe, measure or represent because practices are hidden, tacit, and often difficult to articulate. These challenges and specifically methodological issues of social practice theory are seldom acknowledged and addressed. …

Parallel Session: Re-Clarification Of Corporate Character Scale (Davies Et Al., 2003) In Upscale Hotels, Dr. Mozard Mohtar, Dr. Norbani Che Ha, Dr. Zalfa Laili Hamzah

International Conference on Marketing

This study examines the robustness of corporate character scale (CCS) in hotel industry in Malaysia via parallel analysis of factor analytic methods. A total of 529 respondents were surveyed for the purpose with Shangri-La and Hilton as sample hotels. Principal Axis Factoring and Principal Component Analysis and LISREL 8.8 were used to analyze the scale. Results show four instead of five factors scale and all factors meet necessary validity and reliability requirements.

An Urban Institute Community Outreach Program: The Changing Faces Of Pharmacy - A Student Enrichment Program, Manouchkathe Cassagnol, Vibhuti Arya, John Conry

Journal of Vincentian Social Action

Pharmacists serve as important resources for health and medication-related questions to many communities across various demographics, races and ethnicities throughout the U.S. This is particularly true for a place as diverse as New York City (NYC). The Changing Faces of Pharmacy-Student Enrichment Program has provided mentoring services and education to a growing cohort of high school students through the active participation of our Pharm.D. students. We will look to create strategic alliances that will provide broader services and support to this group of students, including financial and academic aspects. We will also look to develop partnerships to find STEM focused …

Parallel Session: Comparative Study: Effect Of Color On Major Chocolate Brands In Pakistan (Branding And Packaging), Khawaja Saad Sohail, Sarah Khan

International Conference on Marketing

From the moment we open our eyes there is one thing that surrounds us and that is color. Thus color is one of the most important part of human life. Similarly when we talk about marketing we can’t go any futher unless we take into account how this major variable “Color” will impact us.This research aims to study how color effects people in Pakistan. Are there any differences in color choices amoung people based on their age, gender and religion. Does occasion play any part in impacting our color choice. Furthermore this research will also provide evidence about how change …

Parallel Session: Structural Effect Of Psychological Capital On Online Purchase Intention, Muhammad Zahid Maitlo, Dr. Salman Memon, Sumaiya Syed

International Conference on Marketing

The online purchase intention is very crucial in today’s competitive environment where organizations are constrained to use different mediums for selling goods in order to seize a competitive advantage. The online system provides a platform for shoppers to have their demanded products and service according to their needs. However, online purchase intentions are the building blocks of remote purchase pattern without any physical involvement with the product. Most importantly, customers become more comfortable and hopeful of having good products with an optimistic view. The fundamental objective of this study is to determine the structural effect of PsyCap on online purchase …

Securing Automatic Package Delivery Through Building Call Box System, Thomas Price, Anurag Agrawal

Defensive Publications Series

A user places an order for delivery in a building that uses a telephone-based call box

system installed at the common door or gate to the building. When the order is placed, the user selects an option to authorize automatic delivery of the package and grants an ecommerce application authorization to temporarily intercept phone calls from the user’s building call box system. The user computing device application communicates the authorization to the account management computing system, which stores the user’s authorization and manages the delivery process. Upon receipt of a delivery update, an application on a delivery computing device transmits …

Living Here, Yet Being There: Facebook As A Transnational Space For Newcomer Latina/O Adolescents, Mary Amanda Stewart

TAPESTRY

Under the category of diaspora media studies, the present case study investigates the social networking use of four newcomer adolescent English Learners in a U.S. high school. Demonstrating their transnational skills, the students use the social networking site of Facebook prolifically outside of school in order to connect to their home countries, maintain their Latina/o identities, and acquire English. Findings from analyzing the students' Facebook pages, interviews, and in-school observations illustrate that they are transnational, multicultural, emergent bilinguals who engage in sophisticated multimodal ways of communication outside of school, challenging their at-risk label in their high school. Immigrant students' transnational …

Preparing Teachers Of English Learners: How Field Reports Bridge The Gap Between Theory And Practice, Judy Lombardi

TAPESTRY

Preservice teachers of English learners need practical experience in real classrooms to supplement the rich strategies learned in college methods classes. In classes of preservice teachers in secondary education at California State University Northridge, state course standards require teacher candidates to complete not only classwork but also field observation reports. The field observation reports help teacher candidates bridge theory and practice, making connections between university course strategies and public school classroom applications. With access to the largest number of English learners in any school district in the nation, candidates are able to observe and report on the diverse needs, strategies, …

Classroom Assessment Of Language Levels: A Quick Formative Assessment Tool, Paul Boyd-Batstone

TAPESTRY

When a newly arrived English learner (EL) enters the classroom, time is not on the teacher’s side. It is not uncommon for the EL to arrive far ahead of assessment data, such as a standardized measure of language level. Yet, the teacher is obliged to immediately provide instruction. Time is not on the student’s side either. English learners need immediate and appropriate instruction. This calls for a quick, formative assessment tool for identifying language level and appropriate accommodations. The purpose of this article is to present the Classroom Assessment of Language Levels (CALL) a tool for teachers to identify an …

Dramatic Differences: The Power Of Playbuilding For Young English Language Learners, Jamie Simpson-Steele, Daniel A. Kelin Ii

TAPESTRY

Through a combination of anecdotal stories, the findings of a qualitative evaluative study and overview of experiential activities, this article outlines how a group of 4th and 5th grade English Language Learners benefited from a drama-based project focused on building student confidence, collaborative and communicative skills and facility with drama processes to engage interest and stimulate a sense of investment with the ELL participants. A portion of the article focuses on one participant who experienced a particularly intriguing journey that stimulated both discoveries and questions about the drama program.

Preparing Preservice Teachers To Address The Disproportionality Of Ells In Exceptional Education Programs, Leah J. Lerma, Martha Lue Stewart

TAPESTRY

As our nation’s classrooms become more diverse, how to best educate all of our students is of paramount importance. The educational placement of students of racial, cultural, ethnic, and linguistic diversity in classes for students with special needs at a disproportionate level is well documented. This paper addresses the issue of disproportionate representation of English Language Learners (ELLs) in special education programs. Teacher beliefs, cultural bias, lack of culturally responsive professional development opportunities, and assessments contribute to inappropriate referrals and identification. Preparing preservice teachers to understand disproportionality and why it exists can help reduce the inappropriate referrals and placement of …

Essay Review: Implications For Educators Of Daniel Everett’S Language: The Cultural Tool, Christopher W. Johnson

TAPESTRY

This essay review discusses Everett (2012), Language: The Cultural Tool, with particular emphasis on implications for educators. While Everett does not belong to the discourse of pedagogy and policy for classrooms, his findings and arguments resonate powerfully with the contemporary challenges of PK-12 classrooms and teacher preparation.

Infusing El Content And Instruction Into English Education Courses, Donna Niday

TAPESTRY

An article presenting a five-stage process of infusing EL-relevant topics into English education courses.

Infusing El Content Into A Foundations Course, Cynthia J. Hutchinson

TAPESTRY

An article describing the author's experiences with ELs as well as with infusing EL content within a foundations course.

The Evolution, Experiences, And Lessons Learned With Esol Infusion In Florida, Jane Govoni

TAPESTRY

A description of the evolution of EL Infusion in Florida, where the State Department of Education requires all teacher candidates to be prepared to work with ELs.

Enhancing Reading Proficiency In English Language Learners (Ells): The Importance Of Knowing Your Ell In Mainstream Classrooms, Marth Castañeda, Eva Rodríguez-González, Melissa Schultz

TAPESTRY

In this manuscript, the authors encourage classroom teachers and school leaders to learn about the home culture and language of the growing English learner population if they are to respond effectively to these students’ language, literacy, and content learning needs. These funds of knowledge have been shown to help teachers adjust instruction in ways that permit students to engage more actively in language, literacy, and content learning tasks. In addition to offering recommendations for administrators and teachers working to improve literacy of ELLs within and outside the school setting, the authors share sample surveys that can be used to gather …

Secrets, Schemes, And Strategies: Nixon Opens Relations With Communist China, Kelsey Swanson

Historical Perspectives: Santa Clara University Undergraduate Journal of History, Series II

No abstract provided.

Teaching Inclusivity: Preservice Teachers’ Perceptions Of Their Knowledge, Skills And Attitudes Toward Working With English Language Learners In Mainstream Classrooms, Philip C. Smith

TAPESTRY

This study investigated the effect of one semester of ESOL education on preservice teachers by examining their perceived knowledge and skill in working with English Language Learner (ELL) students, and their attitude toward having ELL students in their mainstream classrooms. The survey identified two factors: a) Perception of ESOL Knowledge and Skills (PEKS) and b) Attitude Toward Inclusion (ATI). Results showed that preservice teachers’ perceptions of both knowledge & skill (PEKS) changed from introductory to the final ESOL course, and that PEKS changed significantly from pre- to post-test within the same course. No significant changes were found in students’ attitude …

Book Review Of "Teaching Reading To English Language Learners: Insights From Linguistics", Alex Poole

TAPESTRY

Text: Lems, K., Miller, L. D., & Soro, T. M. (2010). Teaching reading to English language learners: Insights from linguistics. New York: The Guilford Press.

Deciding When To Step In And When To Back Off: Culturally Mediated Writing Instruction For Adolescent English Learners, Leslie Patterson, Carol Wickstrom, Jennifer Roberts, Juan Araujo, Chieko Hoki

TAPESTRY

Culturally Mediated Writing Instruction invites students to take an inquiry stance toward issues of interest and significance—exploring issues, framing questions, gathering information, synthesizing findings into messages, publishing or presenting their findings, and assessing their efforts before moving on to other inquiries. CMWI can be seen as a rich and dynamic landscape of literacy tasks, routines, practices, materials, and dialogues that invites students to ask questions and to look for answers to those questions. Data from four high-school classrooms illustrate that CMWI teachers made interdependent and layered instructional decisions in response to students' needs, and that they provided mediation toward for …

Home To School Transitions: A Guatemalan Family Portrait, Lisa Crayton

TAPESTRY

This study applies a sociocultural perspective to examine the home to school transitions in literacy achievement of three low-income children from Guatemala. Through participant observation and informal conversations with the family during home visits, two factors appeared to influence the literacy development of the family's young children: bilingualism and cultural assimilation. Investigating the home literacy environment of an immigrant family provides an insider's perspective of the life experiences of children from non-mainstream homes. Understanding their home reading and writing experiences, and their transition to school literacy, is valuable for reading teachers facing increasingly diverse students from multicultural backgrounds.

Building A Community For Migrant Education Services Through Family Literacy And Farm Worker Outreach, Karen S. Vocke

TAPESTRY

Cultural and linguistic differences within the migrant population, coupled with the transient nature of these families, often present challenges that can inhibit the education of migrant students in our schools. How can schools and communities come together to provide resources and services for this vulnerable population? Through the theoretical lens of Paulo Freire, we identify the need to work against the current educational trend toward increased standardization and work towards a model of education that is both individualized and democratic. For migrant students, individualizing educational experiences often means reaching out to the families for linguistic support. We have found the …

Their Genocide And Ours: International Influence In 1994 Rwanda, Maggie Penkert

Historical Perspectives: Santa Clara University Undergraduate Journal of History, Series II

No abstract provided.

Getting Defensive: Excuses For The Construction Of The Alaska Highway, Dane Skillbred

Historical Perspectives: Santa Clara University Undergraduate Journal of History, Series II

No abstract provided.

From Saint To Sinner And Back Again: Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis Rehabilitates Her Image, Kelsey Swanson

Historical Perspectives: Santa Clara University Undergraduate Journal of History, Series II

No abstract provided.