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2016

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Attributes Of Police Vehicle Crashes, David Lambert Dec 2016

Attributes Of Police Vehicle Crashes, David Lambert

Criminal Justice Faculty Publications

While overall on-duty law enforcement deaths has decreased moderately from over 160 in 1980 to a level under 120 per year in the late 2000s, fatalities by motor vehicle collisions have steadily increased. This descriptive analysis examines police vehicle crashes during specific conditions such as emergency response, road surface, lighting, and weather in a large statewide police agency. Police vehicle crashes are most likely to occur on dry roads, in daylight conditions, and in clear weather on weekdays as opposed to weekends. Weather and lighting conditions are not the most frequent factors associated with cruiser crashes in this examination.

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R-Egg-Ulation: A Call For Greater Regulation Of The Big Business Of Human Egg Harvesting, Danielle A. Vera Dec 2016

R-Egg-Ulation: A Call For Greater Regulation Of The Big Business Of Human Egg Harvesting, Danielle A. Vera

Michigan Journal of Gender & Law

When it comes to young healthy women “donating” their eggs, America has a regulation problem. This Note explains the science behind the harvesting of human eggs, focusing on potential egg donors, and describes the specific factors that make egg donation a unique type of transaction. It describes the current regulatory status of the assisted reproductive technology industry in the United States and highlights the ways in which this scheme fails to protect egg “donors.” This Note concludes with a call for comprehensive regulation of the assisted reproductive technology industry.

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The Learned Hand Unformula For Short-Swing Liability, Andrew Chin Dec 2016

The Learned Hand Unformula For Short-Swing Liability, Andrew Chin

Washington Law Review

Section 16(b) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 allows for the recovery of short-swing profits realized by certain insiders from trading in a corporation’s stock within a period of less than six months. Three generations of corporate law students have been taught the “lowest-in, highest-out” formula that is intended to maximize the disgorgement of short-swing profits under section 16(b). Arnold Jacobs’s 1987 treatise presented two hypothetical examples where the formula fell short of the intended maximum, but courts, commentators, and practitioners have largely ignored these theoretical challenges to the formula’s validity. This Article identifies Gratz v. Claughton as the …

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Teaching Daily Drill Exercises To Visual Learning Instrumentalists, Adrian Villalobos Dec 2016

Teaching Daily Drill Exercises To Visual Learning Instrumentalists, Adrian Villalobos

McNair Scholars Research Journal

No abstract provided.

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Changes In The Prairie Naturalist For 2017: Some Bumps In The Road During Transition, Christopher N. Jacques Dec 2016

Changes In The Prairie Naturalist For 2017: Some Bumps In The Road During Transition, Christopher N. Jacques

The Prairie Naturalist

By now it is obvious to most of our members and authors that The Prairie Naturalist (TPN) has experienced some delays in conducting journal-related business over the past few months. Publication of the June 2016 issue was slightly delayed and the December 2016 was mailed much later than planned. So I wanted to update our members on the current status, and other aspects, of TPN. As most of you know, when I transitioned into the Editorship of TPN, one of my first orders of business was to secure a new publication venue for the journal. Fortunately, the Department …

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Mctest: An R Package For Detection Of Collinearity Among Regressors, Muhammad Imdadullah, Muhammad Aslam, Saima Altaf Dec 2016

Mctest: An R Package For Detection Of Collinearity Among Regressors, Muhammad Imdadullah, Muhammad Aslam, Saima Altaf

The R Journal

It is common for linear regression models to be plagued with the problem of multicollinearity when two or more regressors are highly correlated. This problem results in unstable estimates of regression coefficients and causes some serious problems in validation and interpretation of the model. Different diagnostic measures are used to detect multicollinearity among regressors. Many statistical software and R packages provide few diagnostic measures for the judgment of multicollinearity. Most widely used diagnostic measures in these software are: coefficient of determination (R2), variance inflation factor/tolerance limit (VIF/TOL), eigenvalues, condition number (CN) and condition index (CI) etc. In this manuscript, we …

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Diverse: An R Package To Analyze Diversity In Complex Systems, Miguel R. Guevara, Dominik Hartmann, Marcelo Mendoza Dec 2016

Diverse: An R Package To Analyze Diversity In Complex Systems, Miguel R. Guevara, Dominik Hartmann, Marcelo Mendoza

The R Journal

The package diverse provides an easy-to-use interface to calculate and visualize different aspects of diversity in complex systems. In recent years, an increasing number of research projects in social and interdisciplinary sciences, including fields like innovation studies, scientometrics, economics, and network science have emphasized the role of diversification and sophistication of socioeconomic systems. However, so far no dedicated package exists that covers the needs of these emerging fields and interdisciplinary teams. Most packages about diversity tend to be created according to the demands and terminology of particular areas of natural and biological sciences. The package diverse uses interdisciplinary concepts of …

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Normal Tolerance Interval Procedures In The Tolerance Package, Derek S. Young Dec 2016

Normal Tolerance Interval Procedures In The Tolerance Package, Derek S. Young

The R Journal

Statistical tolerance intervals are used for a broad range of applications, such as quality control, engineering design tests, environmental monitoring, and bioequivalence testing. tolerance is the only R package devoted to procedures for tolerance intervals and regions. Perhaps the most commonly-employed functions of the package involve normal tolerance intervals. A number of new procedures for this setting have been included in recent versions of tolerance. In this paper, we discuss and illustrate the functions that implement these normal tolerance interval procedures, one of which is a new, novel type of operating characteristic curve.

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Micompr: An R Package For Multivariate Independent Comparison Of Observations, Nuno Fachada, João Rodrigues, Vitor V. Lopes, Rui C. Martins, Agostinho C. Rosa Dec 2016

Micompr: An R Package For Multivariate Independent Comparison Of Observations, Nuno Fachada, João Rodrigues, Vitor V. Lopes, Rui C. Martins, Agostinho C. Rosa

The R Journal

The R package micompr implements a procedure for assessing if two or more multivariate samples are drawn from the same distribution. The procedure uses principal component analysis to convert multivariate observations into a set of linearly uncorrelated statistical measures, which are then compared using a number of statistical methods. This technique is independent of the distributional properties of samples and automatically selects features that best explain their differences. The procedure is appropriate for comparing samples of time series, images, spectrometric measures or similar high-dimension multivariate observations

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Simulating Correlated Binary And Multinomial Responses Under Marginal Model Specification: The Simcormultres Package, Anestis Touloumis Dec 2016

Simulating Correlated Binary And Multinomial Responses Under Marginal Model Specification: The Simcormultres Package, Anestis Touloumis

The R Journal

We developed the R package SimCorMultRes to facilitate simulation of correlated categorical (binary and multinomial) responses under a desired marginal model specification. The simulated correlated categorical responses are obtained by applying threshold approaches to correlated continuous responses of underlying regression models and the dependence structure is parametrized in terms of the correlation matrix of the latent continuous responses. This article provides an elaborate introduction to the SimCorMultRes package demonstrating its design and usage via three examples. The package can be obtained via CRAN.

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Condsurv: An R Package For The Estimation Of The Conditional Survival Function For Ordered Multivariate Failure Time Data, Luis Meira-Machado, Meira-Machado Sestelo Dec 2016

Condsurv: An R Package For The Estimation Of The Conditional Survival Function For Ordered Multivariate Failure Time Data, Luis Meira-Machado, Meira-Machado Sestelo

The R Journal

One major goal in clinical applications of time-to-event data is the estimation of survival with censored data. The usual nonparametric estimator of the survival function is the time-honored Kaplan-Meier product-limit estimator. Though this estimator has been implemented in several R packages, the development of the condSURV R package has been motivated by recent contributions that allow the estimation of the survival function for ordered multivariate failure time data. The condSURV package provides three different approaches all based on the Kaplan-Meier estimator. In one of these approaches these quantities are estimated conditionally on current or past covariate measures. Illustration of the …

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Mixtox: An R Package For Mixture Toxicity Assessment, Xiang-Wei Zhu, Jian-Yi Chen Dec 2016

Mixtox: An R Package For Mixture Toxicity Assessment, Xiang-Wei Zhu, Jian-Yi Chen

The R Journal

Mixture toxicity assessment is indeed necessary for humans and ecosystems that are continually exposed to a variety of chemical mixtures. This paper describes an R package, called mixtox, which offers a general framework of curve fitting, mixture experimental design, and mixture toxicity prediction for practitioners in toxicology. The unique features of mixtox include: (1) constructing a uniform table for mixture experimental design; and (2) predicting toxicity of a mixture with multiple components based on reference models such as concentration addition, independent action, and generalized concentration addition. We describe the various functions of the package and provide examples to illustrate their …

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Development Of Psychometrically Equivalent Speech Recognition Threshold Materials For Native Cebuano Speakers, Melissa Dawn Anderson Dec 2016

Development Of Psychometrically Equivalent Speech Recognition Threshold Materials For Native Cebuano Speakers, Melissa Dawn Anderson

Theses and Dissertations

While there is a clear and immediate need for reliable speech audiometry materials to evaluate the speech recognition threshold (SRT), these recorded materials are not available in Cebuano, a language of the Philippines with 15.8 million speakers. The purpose of this study was to develop, digitally record, evaluate, and psychometrically equate a set of Cebuano trisyllabic words for use in measuring the SRT. To create the SRT materials, common Cebuano trisyllabic words were digitally recorded by a male talker of Cebuano and presented for evaluation to 20 native speakers of Cebuano with normal hearing. Based on psychometric performance, a set …

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Finnish Teacher Collaboration: The Behaviors, Learning, And Formality Of Teacher Collaboration, Bruce H. Eschler Dec 2016

Finnish Teacher Collaboration: The Behaviors, Learning, And Formality Of Teacher Collaboration, Bruce H. Eschler

Theses and Dissertations

Finnish teachers continue to receive significant attention among educators, educational leaders, and policy makers in the United States and around the globe. In addition, teacher collaboration continues to receive support as a meaningful part of teacher work and practice. Teacher collaboration is frequently described in various ways within different contexts. This study aims to: (a) better understand the nature of Finnish teacher collaboration by examining three teacher collaboration behaviors (sharing information and knowledge, planning, and problem-solving); (b) explore the extent to which Finnish teacher collaboration is formal (or school-required) collaboration and informal (or voluntary) collaboration; and (c) investigate …

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The Riemann Hypothesis, Danny Allen, Kyle Bonetta-Martin, Elizabeth Codling, Simon Jefferies Dec 2016

The Riemann Hypothesis, Danny Allen, Kyle Bonetta-Martin, Elizabeth Codling, Simon Jefferies

The Plymouth Student Scientist

This literature review provides a brief discussion of the Riemann Hypothesis, a conjecture regarding the location of the zeros on the Riemann zeta function. We also look at the implications of solving the hypothesis, and investigate historical attempts to solve the conjecture.

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Analysis Of Manufacturing Parameters On The Shear Strength Of Aluminium/Gfrp Co-Cured And Adhesively Bonded Single-Lap Joints, Ashley Reburn Dec 2016

Analysis Of Manufacturing Parameters On The Shear Strength Of Aluminium/Gfrp Co-Cured And Adhesively Bonded Single-Lap Joints, Ashley Reburn

The Plymouth Student Scientist

Due to the increased application of composite materials in recent years, the process of joining composites to metals has become a key area of interest. As a result, methods to increase the strength of composite-to-metal joints are highly sought after. Since the mechanical behaviour of composite-to-metal joints depends on many manufacturing parameters. An experimental and numerical study into the shear strength behaviour of GFRP-to-aluminium single-lap joints was performed to investigate the effect of four manufacturing parameters, with the aim of optimising shear strength. For one manufacturing parameter, a relatively new joining process, co-curing, is studied, and results are benchmarked against …

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Distributed Multi-Component Approach And System For Enhanced Security Of Public Infrastructure As A Service (Iaas) Cloud Computing Environments, Jason Nikolai Dec 2016

Distributed Multi-Component Approach And System For Enhanced Security Of Public Infrastructure As A Service (Iaas) Cloud Computing Environments, Jason Nikolai

Masters Theses & Doctoral Dissertations

Cloud computing has become big business with organizations spending millions of dollars creating and deploying cloud solutions. However, adoption of this multi-tenant and dynamic technology has been slowed by security concerns. In this dissertation, to help increase adoption by reducing security risks, we examine three research questions. First, how can we detect attacks on cloud tenant instances without specific knowledge of tenant applications? Second, how can we assist cloud providers with interpretation of the alert output from security controls in an IaaS cloud environment to improve security? And, third, how can we help protect cloud tenants from insider data theft …

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How Do Designers Of The Built Environment Attempt To Make Ecological Sustainability Sensory Legible?, Carly L. Bartow Dec 2016

How Do Designers Of The Built Environment Attempt To Make Ecological Sustainability Sensory Legible?, Carly L. Bartow

Architecture Undergraduate Honors Theses

This paper attempts to provide a theoretical framework for making ecosystem function and ecologically sustainable design more perceptible or sensible to people through architecture and the built environment. Design features of the Bertschi School Science Wing and the Bullitt Center in Seattle, Washington are incorporated to illustrate the sensory legibility of ecological sustainability criteria.The criteria are available to designers to help educate a building's occupants on environmentally sustainable design and motivate more sustainable behavior.

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Acquisition Of Picture Exchange-Based Vs. Signed Mands And Implications To Teach Functional Communication Skills To Children With Autism, Sang S. Nam Ph.D, Young S. Hwang Ph.D Dec 2016

Acquisition Of Picture Exchange-Based Vs. Signed Mands And Implications To Teach Functional Communication Skills To Children With Autism, Sang S. Nam Ph.D, Young S. Hwang Ph.D

The Journal of Special Education Apprenticeship

A literature review was conducted to describes important concepts involved in functional analysis of verbal behavior as well as to evaluates empirical research findings on acquisition of picture exchange-based vs. signed mands to suggest instructional implications for teachers and therapists to teach functional communication skills to children with autism. Research findings indicate that children with autism acquire picture exchange responses to mand for reinforcing items more easily and rapidly than signed responses. There is also a strong relation between motor imitation, matching skills and sign language acquisition. It is suggested that both motor imitation and matching skills be examined to …

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Our Students’ Minds Matter: Integrating Mindfulness Practices Into Special Education Classrooms, Danielle Magaldi Ph.D., Jennie Park-Taylor Ph.D. Dec 2016

Our Students’ Minds Matter: Integrating Mindfulness Practices Into Special Education Classrooms, Danielle Magaldi Ph.D., Jennie Park-Taylor Ph.D.

The Journal of Special Education Apprenticeship

This article explores the usefulness of mindfulness practices in special education classrooms. Mindfulness is defined as the ability to regulate and control one’s attention with an orientation toward the present moment. Mindfulness practices of breathing, imagery, movement, reflection, and acceptance exercises are described along with research on the social, behavioral, and attentional effects following mindfulness interventions. The article concludes with practical considerations for special educators considering implementing mindfulness practices into curriculum, along with future directions for mindfulness in the field of special education.

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Effects Of Tli- Versus Nwea-Interim Assessment On Academic Achievement Of Sixth- And Seventh-Grade Students, Walt Davis Dec 2016

Effects Of Tli- Versus Nwea-Interim Assessment On Academic Achievement Of Sixth- And Seventh-Grade Students, Walt Davis

College of Education Dissertations

This project focused on two online providers, The Learning Institute (TLI) and Northwest Evaluation Association (NWEA). The purpose of this dissertation was to provide additional research concerning the effects of interim assessments (TLI versus NWEA) and gender on literacy and mathematics achievement for students in Grades 6 and 7 in Northwest Arkansas. Of the four included school districts, two used TLI and two used NWEA as their interim assessment. For all four hypotheses, the independent variables were gender and interim assessment type. In the first and second hypotheses, the dependent variable was literacy achievement as measured by student performance on …

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Campus Climate Task Force, Short-Term Suggestions, Campus Climate Task Force Dec 2016

Campus Climate Task Force, Short-Term Suggestions, Campus Climate Task Force

Campus Climate Assessment

First report from the Campus Climate Task Force Steering Committee, with short-term suggestions.

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Litigating The Blue Wall Of Silence: How To Challenge The Police Privilege To Delay Investigation, Aziz Huq, Richard H. Mcadams Dec 2016

Litigating The Blue Wall Of Silence: How To Challenge The Police Privilege To Delay Investigation, Aziz Huq, Richard H. Mcadams

Articles

No abstract provided.

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The Appearance Of My Abstraction And Exploration Of Its Identity, Ye-Seul Choi Dec 2016

The Appearance Of My Abstraction And Exploration Of Its Identity, Ye-Seul Choi

Stony Brook Theses and Dissertations Collection, 2006-2020 (closed to submissions)

In order to specifically articulate my work’s progress, I will organize this thesis focusing on the experience of my inner point of view as an artist. This will provide the intimate interaction and communication between me and my work. I have arranged the order of development to show how my work has changed since 2009. Each chapter will deal with procedural subjects in the advance of my art. I began with the inspiration of materiality, and this interest was evolving in the exploration of paintings by focusing on pictorial materials. Major streaming of its whole structure will be built on …

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Reduced Snow Cover Alters Root-Microbe Interactions And Decreases Nitrification Rates In A Northern Hardwood Forest, Patrick O. Sorensen, Pamela H. Templer, Lynn M. Christenson, Jorge Durán, Timothy J. Fahey, Melany C. Fisk, Peter M. Groffman, Jennifer L. Morse, Adrien C. Finzi Dec 2016

Reduced Snow Cover Alters Root-Microbe Interactions And Decreases Nitrification Rates In A Northern Hardwood Forest, Patrick O. Sorensen, Pamela H. Templer, Lynn M. Christenson, Jorge Durán, Timothy J. Fahey, Melany C. Fisk, Peter M. Groffman, Jennifer L. Morse, Adrien C. Finzi

Environmental Science and Management Faculty Publications and Presentations

Snow cover is projected to decline during the next century in many ecosystems that currently experience a seasonal snowpack. Because snow insulates soils from frigid winter air temperatures, soils are expected to become colder and experience more winter soil freeze-thaw cycles as snow cover continues to decline. Tree roots are adversely affected by snowpack reduction, but whether loss of snow will affect root-microbe interactions remains largely unknown. The objective of this study was to distinguish and attribute direct (e.g., winter snow-and/ or soil frost-mediated) vs. indirect (e.g., root-mediated) effects of winter climate change on microbial biomass, the potential activity of …

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The Business Of Defense: Defense-Side Litigation Financing, Emily Samra Dec 2016

The Business Of Defense: Defense-Side Litigation Financing, Emily Samra

University of Chicago Law Review

No abstract provided.

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Are Colleges And Universities Failing To Meet The Needs Of The Transgender And Gender Non-Conforming Community By Failing To Meet The Needs Of Social Work Students?, Constance D. Siegel Dec 2016

Are Colleges And Universities Failing To Meet The Needs Of The Transgender And Gender Non-Conforming Community By Failing To Meet The Needs Of Social Work Students?, Constance D. Siegel

Social Work Theses - Archive

With the notable trend for recognition of the transgender and gender non-conforming (TGNC) Community, as well as their having issues that are separate and distinct from the lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) community, the need for social workers specifically trained to meet the needs of this population has become apparent. An absence of qualified social workers in both macro and micro fields has necessitated a review of all Council on Social Work Education (CSWE) accredited programs to ascertain if education on TGNC individuals is being included in curriculum as is outlined in the CSWE diversity and accreditation standards. Currently, both …

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Sustainable Gender Equality Framework: A Justice Perspective, Bonita Bhattarai Sharma Dec 2016

Sustainable Gender Equality Framework: A Justice Perspective, Bonita Bhattarai Sharma

Social Work Dissertations - Archive

The current study emphasizes gender equality discourse within the frame of overarching sustainable development goals and proposes a shift in attention to the sustainability of components of a larger holistic social system that is built on moral imperatives of intra and intergenerational justice. The continued and building importance of the holistic and transferability of a just and inclusive system is indicative of the new global policy shift in addressing the lessons learned from past developmental approaches and the urgent need to protect the earth system. There are three key related issues that stand out within the broad context of Our …

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How Intermediate Capacity Modes Provide Accessibility And Resilience In Metropolitan Transit Networks: Insights From A Global Study Of 19 Cities, Jan Scheurer Dec 2016

How Intermediate Capacity Modes Provide Accessibility And Resilience In Metropolitan Transit Networks: Insights From A Global Study Of 19 Cities, Jan Scheurer

Journal of Public Transportation

Drawing on the Spatial Network Analysis of Multimodal Urban Transport Systems (SNAMUTS) accessibility tool, this paper introduces comparative results of public transport network performance measures in 19 metropolitan regions in developed countries. These results are assessed typologically and functionally to highlight the contribution of each common public transport mode to maximize (or not) the integration of transport networks with the urban structure to optimize accessibility outcomes. It is shown that the capacity and performance spectrum embodied by each mode represents a gradual scale that allocates a specific niche to intermediate modes, particularly trams that are present in half the cities …

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Public Transit Equity Analysis At Metropolitan And Local Scales: A Focus On Nine Large Cities In The Us, Greg P. Griffin, Ipek N. Sener Dec 2016

Public Transit Equity Analysis At Metropolitan And Local Scales: A Focus On Nine Large Cities In The Us, Greg P. Griffin, Ipek N. Sener

Journal of Public Transportation

Recent studies on transit service through an equity lens have captured broad trends from the literature and national-level data or analyzed disaggregate data at the local level. This study integrates these methods by employing a geostatistical analysis of new transit access and income data compilations from the Environmental Protection Agency. By using a national data set, this study demonstrates a method for income-based transit equity analysis and provides results spanning nine large auto-oriented cities in the US. Results demonstrate variability among cities’ transit services to low-income populations, with differing results when viewed at the regional and local levels. Regional-level analysis …

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