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2015

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An Analysis Of The Financial Impact Of Changing Athletic Conference Affiliation Within The Ncaa, Christopher Parker Dec 2015

An Analysis Of The Financial Impact Of Changing Athletic Conference Affiliation Within The Ncaa, Christopher Parker

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

The purpose of this causal comparative study was to provide Division I athletic programs with athletic and institutional fundraising insight when considering a change in athletic conference affiliation. The study provided descriptive data regarding athletic conference affiliation pre and post-conference change. The research evaluated if there was a significant increase in athletic and educational fundraising when changing athletic conferences. The quantitative study compared educational and athletic foundations’ IRS 990 forms for 15 NCAA Division 1 institutions that changed athletic conferences between 2012 and 2013. Data was analyzed using an ANOVA and t-tests from the institutions’ academic and athletic foundations. The …

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A Phenomenological Study Of The Impact On Collaboration As Perceived By Educators While Using Software To Manage Individualized Education Programs, Vaughn Hammond Dec 2015

A Phenomenological Study Of The Impact On Collaboration As Perceived By Educators While Using Software To Manage Individualized Education Programs, Vaughn Hammond

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

The purpose of this qualitative phenomenological study was to gain a deeper, richer understanding of how educators’ use of software to manage individualized education programs (IEPs) impact collaboration in the IEP process. Research questions included: (a) What are the challenges identified by educators when using software to manage IEPs? (b) What are the benefits identified by educators when using software to manage IEPs? (c) What are educators’ perceptions on the impact using software to manage IEPs has on the collaboration among the IEP team? (d) What are educators’ perceptions of the use of software on increasing collaboration skills? Educators from …

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A Strategy Of Ministry For Small Korean-American Church Growth: Centered On Tallahassee Korean Community Presbyterian Church, Ju Yang Dec 2015

A Strategy Of Ministry For Small Korean-American Church Growth: Centered On Tallahassee Korean Community Presbyterian Church, Ju Yang

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

Many small Korean-American churches have difficulties. The small number of members causes financial problem and causes member burn out. Also a lot of church members have difficulty which comes from the difference of language and culture in America. The purpose of this thesis project is to provide a strategy to help small Korean-American churches to grow and be more effective. Tallahassee Korean Community Presbyterian Church will be used as a model. Even though this is not an exceptionally successful church, it has potential for growth. First, literature research about church growth, worship, homiletics, leadership, and discipleship will be processed based …

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Blended Online Learning Versus Traditional Classroom Learning: A Comparison Of Mathematics Content Mastery For High School Students Of Homeowners And Non-Homeowners, Jeannette Hallam Dec 2015

Blended Online Learning Versus Traditional Classroom Learning: A Comparison Of Mathematics Content Mastery For High School Students Of Homeowners And Non-Homeowners, Jeannette Hallam

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

The purpose of this causal-comparative study was to compare the methods of traditional face-to-face classroom instruction and blended online instruction for students from differing home environments who were repeating a Mathematics I course at the high school level. This quantitative study, conducted at three high schools in Georgia, used the theories of self-regulated learning, student-centered learning, Keller’s ARCS (Attention, Relevance, Confidence, and Satisfaction) model of motivational design of instruction, and cognitive load theory to compare the two approaches to learning. The participants in this study consisted of 398 high school students taking a Mathematics I class for the second time …

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The Effects Of Preparedness On Career And Technical Education Student’S Program Performance And Vocational Attainment, Walter Warren Dec 2015

The Effects Of Preparedness On Career And Technical Education Student’S Program Performance And Vocational Attainment, Walter Warren

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

The purpose of this quantitative correlational study was to consider the effects that academic and vocational preparedness have on postsecondary students’ performance in a Career and Technical Education (CTE) or apprenticeship program, and the relationship between their in-program performance and vocational attainment after program completion. The study was conducted using archival data from a postsecondary CTE institution with a proven track record for administering apprentice programs. The findings from this study are an indication that academic and vocational preparedness are relevant factors when considering students’ ability to complete a postsecondary CTE program, level of performance in a CTE program, and …

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The Effects Of Strategy Instruction In Reading Informational Text On Reading Level And Motivation Of Fifth Grade Students, Michelle Adler Dec 2015

The Effects Of Strategy Instruction In Reading Informational Text On Reading Level And Motivation Of Fifth Grade Students, Michelle Adler

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

The purpose of this nonequivalent control-group design study was to determine if students had an increase in reading level and motivation to read when more informational text and instruction was added into the curriculum. The independent variables were the reading curriculum, with Success for All (SFA) used with the control group and SFA with additional instruction in informational text used with the study group. The dependent variables were reading level and levels of motivation determined by the Scholastic Reading Inventory (SRI) and the Elementary Reading Attitude Survey (ERAS) measured after eight weeks of instruction and again three months post-study. The …

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Bilateral Tax Treaties And Us Foreign Direct Investment Financing Modes, Joseph P. Daniels, Patrick O'Brien, Marc Von Der Ruhr Dec 2015

Bilateral Tax Treaties And Us Foreign Direct Investment Financing Modes, Joseph P. Daniels, Patrick O'Brien, Marc Von Der Ruhr

Economics Faculty Research and Publications

Though it is often claimed that bilateral tax treaties promote foreign direct investment (FDI), previous empirical studies do not support this view. Indeed, the literature provides mixed results where bilateral tax treaties have a positive impact on FDI flows in some studies and a negative impact in other studies. Using US FDI outflows disaggregated into financing modes, equity capital, reinvested earnings, and inter-company debt, we estimate fixed-effects quantile regression models that include controls for new tax treaties, existing treaties (in place prior to the start of the sample period), and the total number of tax treaties a host country has …

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Nowhere To Run; Nowhere To Hide: The Reality Of Being A Law Library Director In Times Of Great Opportunity And Significant Challenges, Michelle Wu, Pauline Aranas, Steven M. Barkan, Barbara Bintliff, Darin K. Fox, Penny A. Hazelton, Joan S. Howland, Spencer L. Simons, Keith Ann Stiverson Dec 2015

Nowhere To Run; Nowhere To Hide: The Reality Of Being A Law Library Director In Times Of Great Opportunity And Significant Challenges, Michelle Wu, Pauline Aranas, Steven M. Barkan, Barbara Bintliff, Darin K. Fox, Penny A. Hazelton, Joan S. Howland, Spencer L. Simons, Keith Ann Stiverson

Georgetown Law Faculty Publications and Other Works

This is an edited version of remarks presented at "'Nowhere to Run, Nowhere to Hide': The Reality of Being a Law Library Director in Times of Great Opportunity and Significant Challenges," January 5, 2015, at the Association of American Law Schools Annual Meeting, Washington, D.C.

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Genome-Wide Significant Linkage Of Schizophrenia-Related Neuroanatomical Trait To 12q24, Emma Sprooten, Cota Navin Gupta, Emma Knowles, D. Reese Mckay, Samuel R. Mathias, Joanne E. Curran, Jack W. Kent Jr., Melanie A. Carless, Marcio Almeida, Thomas D. Dyer, Harald H. H. Goring, Rene L. Olvera, Peter T. Fox, Ravi Duggirala, Laura Almasy, John Blangero Dec 2015

Genome-Wide Significant Linkage Of Schizophrenia-Related Neuroanatomical Trait To 12q24, Emma Sprooten, Cota Navin Gupta, Emma Knowles, D. Reese Mckay, Samuel R. Mathias, Joanne E. Curran, Jack W. Kent Jr., Melanie A. Carless, Marcio Almeida, Thomas D. Dyer, Harald H. H. Goring, Rene L. Olvera, Peter T. Fox, Ravi Duggirala, Laura Almasy, John Blangero

School of Medicine Publications

The insula and medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) share functional, histological, transcriptional and developmental characteristics and they serve higher cognitive functions of theoretical relevance to schizophrenia and related disorders. Meta-analyses and multivariate analysis of structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans indicate that gray matter density and volume reductions in schizophrenia are the most consistent and pronounced in a network primarily composed of the insula and mPFC. We used source-based morphometry, a multivariate technique optimized for structural MRI, in a large sample of randomly ascertained pedigrees (N = 887) to derive an insula-mPFC component and to investigate its genetic determinants. Firstly, we …

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Influence Of Myeloperoxidase On Colon Tumor Occurrence In Inflamed Versus Non-Inflamed Colons Of Apc(Min/+) Mice, Mazin Al-Salihi, Ethan Reichert, Frank A. Fitzpatrick Dec 2015

Influence Of Myeloperoxidase On Colon Tumor Occurrence In Inflamed Versus Non-Inflamed Colons Of Apc(Min/+) Mice, Mazin Al-Salihi, Ethan Reichert, Frank A. Fitzpatrick

Faculty and Staff Publications

Control of colorectal cancer needs to be tailored to its etiology. Tumor promotion mechanisms in colitis-associated colon cancer differ somewhat from the mechanisms involved in hereditary and sporadic colorectal cancer. Unlike sporadic or inherited tumors, some experimental models show that colitis-associated colon tumors do not require cyclooxygenase (COX) expression for progression, and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) which prevent sporadic or inherited colon cancer do not prevent colitis-associated colon cancer. We report that myeloperoxidase (MPO), an ancestor of the COX isoenzymes, is a determinant of colitis-associated colon tumors in Apc(Min/+) mice. During experimentally induced colitis, inhibition of MPO by resorcinol dampened …

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A Model For Hospital Discharge Preparation: From Case Management To Care Transition, Marianne E. Weiss, Kathleen Bobay, Sarah J. Bahr, Linda L. Costa, Ronda G. Hughes, Diane E. Holland Dec 2015

A Model For Hospital Discharge Preparation: From Case Management To Care Transition, Marianne E. Weiss, Kathleen Bobay, Sarah J. Bahr, Linda L. Costa, Ronda G. Hughes, Diane E. Holland

College of Nursing Faculty Research and Publications

There has been a proliferation of initiatives to improve discharge processes and outcomes for the transition from hospital to home and community-based care. Operationalization of these processes has varied widely as hospitals have customized discharge care into innovative roles and functions. This article presents a model for conceptualizing the components of hospital discharge preparation to ensure attention to the full range of processes needed for a comprehensive strategy for hospital discharge.

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Hazards Of The Job: Good Listening And Mental Health, Nadja Alexander Dec 2015

Hazards Of The Job: Good Listening And Mental Health, Nadja Alexander

Research Collection Yong Pung How School Of Law

To the extent that a mediator’s job involves listening to people complain and engage in negative behaviour, mediators face a serious mental health hazard.

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The Management Of Natural Resources: An Overview And Research Agenda, Gerard George, Simon J. D. Schillebeeckx, Teng Lit Liak Dec 2015

The Management Of Natural Resources: An Overview And Research Agenda, Gerard George, Simon J. D. Schillebeeckx, Teng Lit Liak

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

Natural resources underpin the foundation of human activity. Individuals and organizations consume vast amounts of natural resources as a matter of routine without much cognizance of their continued availability in the future or the true cost of a depleting natural resource. Over the past decades of industrial activity, organizations, communities, and nations have acted to protect their interests by investing in and securing their supplies of natural resources that support economic growth. An industrial complex, now variously termed as extractive industries, supplies crucial non-renewable natural resources such as oil and coal for energy or iron and aluminum for construction. Our …

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A State-Stewardship View On Executive Compensation, Hao Liang, Luc Renneboog, Sunny Li Sun Dec 2015

A State-Stewardship View On Executive Compensation, Hao Liang, Luc Renneboog, Sunny Li Sun

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

We take a state-stewardship view on corporate governance and executive compensation in economies with strong political involvement, where state-appointed managers act as responsible ‘stewards’ rather than ‘agents’ of the state. We test this view on China and find that Chinese managers are remunerated not for maximizing equity value but for increasing the value of state-owned assets. Managerial compensation depends on political connections and prestige, and on the firms’ contribution to political goals. These effects were attenuated since the market-oriented governance reform. In a social welfare perspective, such compensation stimulates not the maximization of shareholder value but the preservation of the …

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Emergence Of Fintech And The Lasic Principles, David K. C. Lee, Ernie G. S. Teo Dec 2015

Emergence Of Fintech And The Lasic Principles, David K. C. Lee, Ernie G. S. Teo

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

Financial technology (FinTech) has been receiving much attention lately. For instance, global investments in FinTech ventures (covering sectors from remittances, loans to payments) have grown 3 times from US$ 4.05 billion in 2013 to US$ 12.21 billion in 2014 (Accenture, 2015). Although the development of FinTech is still in early stages, they will define and shape the future of the financial industry. Even though there are large amounts of funds entering the market, not all FinTech ventures will be successful; various factors (both internal and external) are crucial. We identify some of these factors which we term the LASIC (Low …

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Open Market Share Repurchase Programs And Corporate Governance: Company Performance, Gary Caton, Jeremy Goh, Yen Teik Lee, Scott C. Linn Dec 2015

Open Market Share Repurchase Programs And Corporate Governance: Company Performance, Gary Caton, Jeremy Goh, Yen Teik Lee, Scott C. Linn

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

Payout policies based on share repurchase programs provide greater flexibility than do those based on cash dividends. We develop and test an empirical model in which strongly-governed companies outperform weakly-governed companies after announcing share repurchase programs. Our findings include positive associations between strong governance and both post-announcement adjusted operating performance and abnormal stock returns. The results are robust to sample selection bias, different sample criteria, governance measurement, and various control variables. In addition, governance strength is associated with larger post-announcement changes in CEO incentive compensation and merger and acquisition activity, both of which we argue are consistent with strongly-governed companies …

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Criminal Law Act Is Useful — But Handle With Care, Tan K. B. Eugene Dec 2015

Criminal Law Act Is Useful — But Handle With Care, Tan K. B. Eugene

Research Collection Yong Pung How School Of Law

In a significant decision last week, Singapore’s highest court ruled that alleged global football match-fixer Dan Tan Seet Eng’s preventive detention was unlawful. His detention went beyond the scope of discretionary power vested in the Minister for Home Affairs under the Criminal Law (Temporary Provisions) Act (CLTPA). The court’s ruling drew criticisms from a former Interpol chief and, ironically, FIFA, football’s graft-ridden governing body.

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Industry Interdependencies And Cross-Industry Return Predictability, David E. Rapach, Jack Strauss, Jun Tu, Guofu Zhou Dec 2015

Industry Interdependencies And Cross-Industry Return Predictability, David E. Rapach, Jack Strauss, Jun Tu, Guofu Zhou

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

We use the adaptive LASSO from the statistical learning literature to identify economically connected industries in a general framework that accommodates complex industry interdependencies. Our results show that lagged returns of interdependent industries are significant predictors of individual industry returns, consistent with gradual information diffusion across industries. Using network analysis, we find that industries with the most extensive predictive power are key central nodes in the production network of the U.S. economy. Further linking cross-return predictability to the real economy, lagged employment growth for the interdependent industries predicts individual industry employment growth. We also compute out-of-sample industry return forecasts based …

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Measuring The Impact Of Plausibility Pleading, Alexander A. Reinert Dec 2015

Measuring The Impact Of Plausibility Pleading, Alexander A. Reinert

Articles

Ashcroft v. Iqbal and its predecessor, Bell Atlantic Corp. v. Twombly, introduced a change to federal pleading standards that had remained essentially static for five decades. Both decisions have occupied the attention of academics, jurists, and practitioners since their announcement. Iqbal alone has, as of this writing, been cited by more than 95,000 judicial opinions, more than 1,400 law review articles, and innumerable briefs and motions. Many scholars have criticized Iqbal and Twombly for altering the meaning of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure outside the traditional procedures contemplated by the Rules Enabling Act. Almost all commentators agree that …

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The Impacts Of Work-Family Conflict On Burnout Among Female Lecturers, Zulkarnain Zulkarnain, Elvi Andriana Yusuf, Annisa Vanya Pulungan Dec 2015

The Impacts Of Work-Family Conflict On Burnout Among Female Lecturers, Zulkarnain Zulkarnain, Elvi Andriana Yusuf, Annisa Vanya Pulungan

Makara Human Behavior Studies in Asia

Indonesian females lecture are expected to perform double roles to do domestic chores and take care of their children. This condition may create conflicts if female lecturers cannot perform their duties as expected by their employers and families. These conflicts then turn into mental pressure and experiences of burnout. The aim of this study is to find out the impacts of family-work conflicts and burnout among female lecturers. The subjects of this study are 160 lecturers who are female, are married, and have children. Research data are generated using family-work conflict scale and burnout scale. The data are analyzed using …

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Why Ban "Assault Weapons"?, James B. Jacobs Dec 2015

Why Ban "Assault Weapons"?, James B. Jacobs

Cardozo Law Review

No abstract provided.

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Title Ix Giveth And The Religious Exemption Taketh Away: How The Religious Exemption Eviscerates The Protection Afforded Transgender Students Under Title Ix, Amanda Bryk Dec 2015

Title Ix Giveth And The Religious Exemption Taketh Away: How The Religious Exemption Eviscerates The Protection Afforded Transgender Students Under Title Ix, Amanda Bryk

Cardozo Law Review

No abstract provided.

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Taxing Legalized Marijuana: How Courts Should Treat Drug Tax Statutes In Light Of The Fifth Amendment's Self-Incrimination Clause And Executive Non-Enforcement Of The Controlled Substances Act, Joseph A. Goldstein Dec 2015

Taxing Legalized Marijuana: How Courts Should Treat Drug Tax Statutes In Light Of The Fifth Amendment's Self-Incrimination Clause And Executive Non-Enforcement Of The Controlled Substances Act, Joseph A. Goldstein

Cardozo Law Review

No abstract provided.

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In This Issuesystematic Revieworiginal Articlescase Report Dec 2015

In This Issuesystematic Revieworiginal Articlescase Report

Saudi Medical Journal

No abstract provided.

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Recognition Of Oxidized Albumin And Thyroid Antigens By Psoriasis Autoantibodies: A Possible Role Of Reactive-Oxygen-Species Induced Epitopes In Chronic Plaque Psoriasis, Hani A. Al-Shobaili, Ahmed A. Ahmed, Zafar Rasheed Dec 2015

Recognition Of Oxidized Albumin And Thyroid Antigens By Psoriasis Autoantibodies: A Possible Role Of Reactive-Oxygen-Species Induced Epitopes In Chronic Plaque Psoriasis, Hani A. Al-Shobaili, Ahmed A. Ahmed, Zafar Rasheed

Saudi Medical Journal

Objectives: To investigate the role of reactive-oxygen-species (ROS) induced epitopes on human-serum-albumin (HSA) and thyroid antigens in psoriasis autoimmunity. Methods: This study was performed in the College of Medicine, Qassim University, Buraidah, Saudi Arabia between May 2014 and February 2015. The study was designed to explore the role of ROS-induced epitopes in psoriasis autoimmunity. Singlet-oxygen (or ROS)-induced epitopes on protein (ROS-epitopes-albumin) was characterized by in-vitro and in-vivo. Thyroid antigens were prepared from rabbit thyroid, and thyroglobulin was isolated from thyroid extract. Immunocross-reactions of protein-A purified anti-ROS-epitopes-HSA-immunoglobulin G (IgGs) with thyroid antigen, thyroglobulin, and their oxidized forms were determined. Binding characteristics …

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Lack Of Association Between The Insulin Receptor Substrates-1 Gly972arg Polymorphism And Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus Among Saudis From Eastern Saudi Arabia, Hawra A. Alsalman, Yahia A. Kaabi Dec 2015

Lack Of Association Between The Insulin Receptor Substrates-1 Gly972arg Polymorphism And Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus Among Saudis From Eastern Saudi Arabia, Hawra A. Alsalman, Yahia A. Kaabi

Saudi Medical Journal

Objectives: To investigate the association between the insulin receptor substrate-1 ( IRS1 ) Gly972Arg polymorphism and type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) among Saudis from Eastern Saudi Arabia. Methods: This study was conducted between May and December 2014 at King Fahad Hospital of the University, Al-Khobar, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. In a case-control study design, a total of 143 subjects (age range: 35-73 years) comprising 74 healthy controls and 69 patients with T2DM were examined. Blood samples were collected from subjects and subjected to genomic DNA extraction and chemical analysis. The IRS1 Gly972Arg polymorphism was then genotyped using the standard polymerase chain …

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Does Social Support Affect Development Of Cognitive Dysfunction In Individuals With Diabetes Mellitus?, Feride T. Yilmaz, Selma Sabancıogullari, Kadriye Aldemir, Azime K. Kumsar Dec 2015

Does Social Support Affect Development Of Cognitive Dysfunction In Individuals With Diabetes Mellitus?, Feride T. Yilmaz, Selma Sabancıogullari, Kadriye Aldemir, Azime K. Kumsar

Saudi Medical Journal

Objectives: To determine cognitive functions and perceived social support (SS) among individuals with diabetes mellitus (DM), and the effects of SS on the development of cognitive dysfunction (CD). Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in 121 patients with DM presenting at the Endocrinology Clinic of Cumhuriyet University Health Services Application and Research Hospital, Sivas, Turkey between April and June 2014. Data were collected utilizing the “Patient Assessment Form”, “Standardized Mini Mental State Examination (SMMSE)”, and “Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS)”. Results: The mean score obtained for DM patients from the SMMSE was 21.55±5.7, with 65.3% found to have …

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Characteristics And Treatment Outcomes Of Patients With Multi-Drug Resistant Tuberculosis At A Tertiary Care Hospital In Peshawar, Pakistan, Mazhar A. Khan, Sumaira Mehreen, Anila Basit, Raza A. Khan, Faheem Jan, Irfan Ullah, Muhammad Ihtesham, Afsar Khan, Ubaid Ullah, Arshad Javaid Dec 2015

Characteristics And Treatment Outcomes Of Patients With Multi-Drug Resistant Tuberculosis At A Tertiary Care Hospital In Peshawar, Pakistan, Mazhar A. Khan, Sumaira Mehreen, Anila Basit, Raza A. Khan, Faheem Jan, Irfan Ullah, Muhammad Ihtesham, Afsar Khan, Ubaid Ullah, Arshad Javaid

Saudi Medical Journal

Objectives: To determine characteristics and treatment outcomes of multidrugs resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) patients and risk factors for poor outcomes in MDR-TB patients in a tertiary care hospital in Peshawar, Pakistan. Methods: This retrospective study was conducted at the Programmatic Management of Drug Resistant TB Unit, Lady Reading Hospital Peshawar, Pakistan and included all MDR-TB patients registered between January 2012 and December 2012. A special proforma was used for data collection. Analysis was performed using SPSS version 16, after exporting data from the proforma. Differences in proportions were assessed using Pearson’s Chi square test whereas for predictors of poor outcomes, multivariate …

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Shared Clinical Decision Making: A Saudi Arabian Perspective, Ali I. Alhaqwi, Turki M. Aldrees, Ahmad Alrumayyan, Ali I. Alfarhan, Sultan S. Alotaibi, Hesham I. Alkhashan, Motasim Badri Dec 2015

Shared Clinical Decision Making: A Saudi Arabian Perspective, Ali I. Alhaqwi, Turki M. Aldrees, Ahmad Alrumayyan, Ali I. Alfarhan, Sultan S. Alotaibi, Hesham I. Alkhashan, Motasim Badri

Saudi Medical Journal

Objectives: To determine preferences of patients regarding their involvement in the clinical decision making process and the related factors in Saudi Arabia. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in a major family practice center in King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, between March and May 2012. Multivariate multinomial regression models were fitted to identify factors associated with patients preferences. Results: The study included 236 participants. The most preferred decision-making style was shared decision-making (57%), followed by paternalistic (28%), and informed consumerism (14%). The preference for shared clinical decision making was significantly higher among male patients and those with higher …

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Dental Knowledge Of Educators And Healthcare Providers Working With Children With Autism Spectrum Disorders, Ebtissam Z. Murshid Dec 2015

Dental Knowledge Of Educators And Healthcare Providers Working With Children With Autism Spectrum Disorders, Ebtissam Z. Murshid

Saudi Medical Journal

Objectives: To evaluate dental knowledge and attitudes toward oral health care among healthcare providers and educators working with children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) in central Saudi Arabia. Methods: There were 305 questionnaires distributed to 7 special-needs centers between September and November 2014. A total of 217 questionnaires were collected with a response rate of 71.1%. The study took place in the College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Results: Approximately 50.2% of the participants did not offer any toothbrushing advice, and 73.3% never recommended dental checkup visits to parents, and 75.6% never performed dental examinations …

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