Digital Commons Network^™

Final Report For 2015 Er&L + Ebsco Library Fellowship Research Project, Tao Zhang, Xi Niu

Libraries Reports

We report findings from a comprehensive assessment of e-book user experience (search and information seeking) from transaction logs, e-book usage data, and user tests. There are differences between e-book and general searches in terms of query length, number of queries and actions per session. There are also distinctive reading patterns from e-book usage data. The user tests showed that experience levels with e-books and features of e-book platforms influenced users’ information seeking behavior. Results of the assessment have significant implications for the design of e-book features to support users’ reading strategies and help libraries create a consistent e-book user experience.

Humanitarian Laws Of Armed Conflict In Sweden: Ogling The Socialist Camp, Jacob W.F. Sundberg

Akron Law Review

The inhabitants of a country with the military-geographical location of Sweden should find it natural, one would think, to consider extensively the political and legal-philosophical message of the world which surrounds the country, most conspicuously to the east and to the south, and, by navies below the horizon, less conspicuously to the north and to the west. Everywhere is the Socialist Camp - a not unlikely adversary in some future conflict. In Sweden, however, there prevails a surprising reluctance to discuss the realities of the Camp. To say the least, such discussion is up-hill work. Looking for the reasons why, …

Nanotechnology And The Future Of The Law Of Weaponry, Hitoshi Nasu

International Law Studies

Novel applications of nanotechnology for military purposes are expected to have a transformative impact on the way in which wars can be fought in the future battlespace, with the potential to drive changes to the law of weaponry. This article considers the potential of military applications of nanotechnology to bring changes to the existing principles and rules of weapons law. It specifically focuses on the likelihood that more sophisticated, miniaturized and tailored weapons and weapon systems will be produced that enable mechanical precision of targeting with no or few civilian casualties.

Emerging Technology And Perfidy In Armed Conflict, Ian Henderson, Jordan Den Dulk, Angeline Lewis

International Law Studies

The rule against perfidy in armed conflict—one of the last echoes of honor and social order of war—is threatened by emerging technologies. Specifically, the employment of emerging technologies has muddied the already thin and grey line between acts which contravene the honor of warfare and legitimate ruses of war. In this article, the authors analyze perfidy, treachery and ruses of war as key concepts of international humanitarian law and consider their application to emerging technologies.

The Rejection Or Modification Of Collective Bargaining Agreements Under 11 U.S.C. § 1113, Pierce Richardson

Akron Law Review

The controversy intensified after the Supreme Court decision in NLRB v. Bildisco and Bildisco. The decision outraged union leaders and led to the passage of 11 U.S.C. § 1113. This comment will explore the issues arising from efforts by businesses to reject or modify collective bargaining agreements under section 1113. The comment will review the history of such efforts, and will then discuss the Bildisco decision. The comment will then examine section 1113 and offer suggestions as to its interpretation.

Sweden And Humanitarian Law, Atle Grahl-Madsen

Akron Law Review

Professor Jacob W.F. Sundberg's article on "Humanitarian Laws of Armed Conflict in Sweden: Ogling the Socialist Camp"' has neither head nor tail. When coming to the author's "conclusions" the reader is likely to be dumbfounded: he may not have realized that this was what the article was all about. Up to that point he has been introduced to a variety of matters, presented in a hodge-podge manner. The article is failing on its own "merits."

However, the article is full of innuendo, half-truths and untruths. If published at home, no one knowing the author and his ideas would have paid …

The Process And Outcome Of Negotiations With Multinational Corporations: A Conceptual Framework For Analysis, T. M. Ocran

Akron Law Review

The essential purpose of this paper is to provide a conceptual framework for case studies aimed at outlining the main stages in the process of negotiations; indicating some of the main factors affecting the relative bargaining position of the parties to negotiations with multinational corporations; and providing indices for evaluating the resulting structure of the distribution of gains from the projects contemplated by such negotiations. The paper thus combines elements from the second, third and fourth categories of studies on negotiations.

A Good Treaty, Thomas E. Mcmahon

Akron Law Review

Time and space do not permit me to comment on the many worthy provisions within Protocol 1, so I have chosen two articles in the Protocol which strike me as important in the light of my experience: 1) Article 26 - Medical Aircraft in Contact or Similar Zones, and 1I) Article 77 - Protection of Children.

Additional Protocol I: A Military View, Burrus M. Carnahan Usaf

Akron Law Review

This paper is intended to analyze Additional Protocol I from a military perspective. More specifically, it presents the views of a United States military officer (albeit an officer who is also a lawyer) on the Protocol.

To begin with, the Protocol, if ratified by the United States, would be taken seriously by our armed forces. It is United States policy to comply with the law of war in the conduct of military operations, and this body of law is regularly applied in American military courts. During the war in Southeast Asia, for example, 36 members of the U.S. Army were …

Pros And Cons Of The 1977 Protocol I, Howard S. Levie

Akron Law Review

There are many provisions of value to be found in the 1977 Protocol Additional to the 1949 Geneva Conventions (Protocol ). Unfortunately, there are also a number of provisions which would have been better left undrafted. This discussion will be limited to several provisions, or groups of provisions, which appear to be major advances in the humanitarian law of war - and several provisions, or groups of provisions, which appear to be retrogressive. Obviously, neither list will be all-inclusive; to make them so would require a listing and discussion of practically every substantive article in the Protocol. In fact, inasmuch …

Protocol I: Moving Humanitarian Law Backwards, Douglas J. Feith

Akron Law Review

Colonel Carnahan of the Office of the Joint Chiefs of Staff has reviewed some of the practical military problems with Protocol I. I would like to spend a little time on what might be called the philosophical - or broader political - problems. In particular, I would like to discuss the diplomatic conference that produced the protocol and how it demonstrated the links among law, politics, and terrorism.

When you get 126 countries together, as occurred at the diplomatic conference, there is a lot of politics. That is to say, Protocol I is not simply a legal matter than can …

A Brief Analysis Of The 1977 Geneva Protocols, Hans-Peter Gasser

Akron Law Review

In analyzing the two 1977 Protocols additional to the Geneva Conventions for the protection of war victims one should never forget that they are not the product of a sudden inspiration. The first cornerstone for Protocol 1, on international armed conflicts, was laid in the early Fifties. The Draft Rules for the Limitation of the Dangers incurred by the Civilian Population in Time of War, drawn up by the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) and submitted to the Nineteenth International Red Cross Conference (New Delhi, 1957), were an unsuccessful attempt to improve the protection of the civilian population …

Symposium On The 1977 Geneva Protocols, Hamilton Desaussure

Akron Law Review

There is general agreement that the Hague Conventions of 1899 and 1907, while still technically in force, have been made largely obsolete by technological advance in weapons systems, communications, air power, and the ballistic missile. Yet the fundamental axiom that acts of war should not cause unnecessary or disproportionate suffering with regard to the military advantage to be gained, remains unchanged from those early conventions. What is new in the Protocols of 1977 is the added emphasis placed on the protection of the civilian population, not only in occupied areas held by the enemy, but also for the protection of …

An Interdisciplinary Approach To The Strategic Defense Initiative Debate, Scott F. March

Akron Law Review

An interdisciplinary framework in which international law is but one element is presented in this article in the hope of lending organization to the complex subject of space weaponization. Seven factors are discussed which strongly influence decision-makers in both the United States and the Soviet Union who are charged with establishing and implementing the military space policies of their respective nations. They are (1) the relationship between the militarization of earth and the militarization of space; (2) the effects of weapon technology and national defense policy upon the use of space; (3) the interrelationship of the international law-making process with …

Gender Equality, Community Divisions And Autonomy: The Prospera Conditional Cash Transfer Program In Chiapas, Mexico, Óscar F. Gil-García

Sociology & Anthropology Faculty publications

This article examines the gender equality component of Prospera, a conditional cash transfer program in Mexico that provides cash contingent on three nodes of civic engagement: health, nutrition and education. This article draws on ethnographic research in La Gloria, a settlement of indigenous Mayan refugees from Guatemala in the Mexican state of Chiapas. I identify the Prospera program’s neoliberal features, the impact its gender equality measures have in the lives of women, their families, and in the political structure of the community of La Gloria. My findings reveal how Prospera reinforces gender and racial hierarchy, fosters community divisions that …

Characterization, Dna Binding And Cleavage Activities Of New Prodigiosin And Tambjamine Analogues And Their Cu²⁺ And Zn²⁺ Complexes, Karen Chichetu

Dissertations and Theses

Prodigiosins and tambjamines are natural compounds from bacterial and marine sources belonging to a family containing a common 4-methoxy-2,2'-bipyrrole core. These compounds have received a lot of interest due to their promising biological activities. Studies have suggested DNA as a potential therapeutic target for the natural prodigiosin and tambjamine due to their ability to facilitate oxidative DNA cleavage in the presence of Cu²⁺. Based on this we sought to study the metal binding activity of new prodigiosin and tambjamine analogues. A new prodigiosin analogue was synthesized and complexed with Cu²⁺. This revealed 1:1 complex formation between …

Is The International Court Of Justice Worth The Effort?, Joseph L. Daly

Akron Law Review

Throughout history most peacemaking has been a response to a particular crisis - efforts of two countries to solve a dispute by treaty or to negotiate the end of a war. But as the instruments of war have become more and more horrible, as wars have come to take an ever increasing toll on civilian populations, world leaders have tried to establish a structure for peace, a permanent way of avoiding conflict by appealing to reason, not to weapons. Our century has hoped that some sort of international tribunal - a world court - would decide disputes on enduring principles …

A Response To Douglas J. Feith's Law In The Service Of Terror - The Strange Case Of The Additional Protocol, Waldemar A. Solf

Akron Law Review

In the article mentioned in the title, Douglas J. Feith, Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense for International Negotiation, characterizes the 1977 Protocol I Additional to the 1949 Geneva Conventions as a "pro-terrorist treaty masquerading as humanitarian law."

Business Ethics, Law, And The Corporate Use Of Laboraory Animals, David Hoch

Akron Law Review

This paper will examine, first, the fundamental theories pertaining to animal interests; then the relevant laws and the recognition of animal interests the laws require of corporate laboratories; and finally, how (if at all) these claims to interests for animals impinge upon corporate ethics. Perhaps a consideration of these matters will clarify the validity of the unorthodox proposition that corporate responsibility extends to nonhumans.

Film Artists Bushwhacked By The Coloroids: One-Hundredth Congress To The Rescue?, Nicholas Swyrydenko

Akron Law Review

The late, great film director, John Huston, in a videotaped speech prepared specially before his death for presentation at a Senate hearing on the issue of the colorization of black and white films, raged that he and other film artists, who had worked to produce such classic films as The Maltese Falcon, were being "bushwhacked by the coloroids," and he pleaded with Congress to step in to preserve that work.' This comment will trace the response of the One-Hundredth Congress to the pleas of John Huston and other film artists to preserve the original integrity of their films, and …

Ohio Hazardous Material Transportation Act: An Overview, David J. Leland, Steven D. Lesser

Akron Law Review

On June 24, 1988, in Miamisburg, Ohio, Governor Richard F. Celeste signed into law H.B. 428, (known as Ohio's Hazardous Material Transportation Act, hereinafter referred to as the Act) a comprehensive legislative initiative regulating the transportation of hazardous materials. The signing of the Act was the culmination of a two year effort to solve a problem that Ohioians, and the nation as a whole, became aware of in July, 1986 in Miamisburg, Ohio. The new law provides for: a registration system with a graduated fee structure, pre-notification and route assessments for "ultra-hazardous" materials, and a civil forfeiture system with penalties …

Doomed To Repeat It: Afghanistan, Media Framing, And The Loss Of Historical Context, Bobbie Faye Maynard

Electronic Theses and Dissertations Archive

The following research study explores the theory of framing as applied to the examination of broadcast media coverage following the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, and leading up to the invasion of Afghanistan on October 7, 2001. This thesis provides an understanding of the role three American television networks, ABC, NBC, and CBS, played in informing their audiences of the history behind the U.S.-Afghanistan relationship. Evening news programs from each network were reviewed and coded starting on September 11, 2001, through October 7, 2001, to determine the different frames that were used. This data was compared with public opinion …

Religious Activities And Their Tourism Potential In Sukur Kingdom, Nigeria, Emeka Okonkwo

International Journal of Religious Tourism and Pilgrimage

Religious tourism is a form of tourism whereby people of the same faith travel individually or in groups for religious purposes. This form of tourism comprises many facets of the travel industry ranging from pilgrimages, missionary travel, leisure (fellowship), vacations, faith-based cruising, crusades, conventions and rallies, retreats, monastery visits and guest-stays, Christian and faith-based camps, to religious tourist attractions. In Sukur Kingdom, most tourists embark on religious travel for the primary purpose of sharing faith and fellowship together as they explore the various religious sites within Sukur and Adamawa State at large. Others still seek inspiration and desire to witness …

Crafty Sailors, Unruly Seas: Margaret Cohen’S Oceanic History Of The Novel, Colin D. Dewey

Criticism

The Novel and the Sea by Margaret Cohen. Translation/Transnation, edited by Emily Apter. Princeton, NJ: University of Princeton Press, 2010. Pp. xiii + 306, 30 illustrations. $39.50 cloth.

Fields Of Splendor, Sabrina Barreto

Canterbury Scholars

No abstract provided.

The Law Of Naval Warfare And China’S Maritime Militia, James Kraska, Michael Monti

International Law Studies

China operates a vast network of fishing vessels that form a maritime militia equipped and trained to conduct intelligence, communications, and targeting support for the People's Liberation Army Navy. Fishing vessels normally are exempt from capture or attack in the law of naval warfare unless they are integrated into the naval forces, but distinguishing between legitimate fishing vessels and maritime militia during naval warfare is virtually impossible.

Entire Issue Volume 21, Number 2

The Primary Source

Complete issue of Vol. 21, No. 2 of The Primary Source.

The Vicksburg National Military Park Archives, Michael B. Ballard

The Primary Source

Report of working with archival collections at the Vicksburg National Military Park.

Clouds In The Crystal Ball: Presidential Expectations And The Unpredictable Behavior Of Supreme Court Appointees, Christopher E. Smith, Kimberly A. Beuger

Akron Law Review

This article will analyze the pitfalls that presidents face in hoping that their nominees' judicial performance will comport with presidential expectations.

War Crimes And The Protection Of Peacekeeping Forces, Steven J. Lepper

Akron Law Review

Tonight, I want to briefly discuss three aspects of the tribunal: structure, jurisdiction and U.S. participation in its creation. Many of you are probably aware that the tribunal consists of three chambers. The judicial chamber is comprised of five appellate judges and two trial panels of three judges each. The United States has a judge - Judge Gabrielle Kirk McDonald - who, before she went to the Hague was a federal district court judge and a professor at the Thurgood Marshall School of Law in Houston. I had an opportunity to meet her and brief her on some tribunal issues …