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2015

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An Instrument For Rapid Mesozooplankton Monitoring At Ocean Basin Scale, Pf Culverhouse, C Gallienne, R Williams, J Tilbury Aug 2015

An Instrument For Rapid Mesozooplankton Monitoring At Ocean Basin Scale, Pf Culverhouse, C Gallienne, R Williams, J Tilbury

School of Engineering, Computing and Mathematics

The development and testing of a new imaging and classification system for mesozooplankton sampling over very large spatial and temporal scales is reported. The system has been evaluated on the Atlantic Meridional Transect (AMT), acquiring nearly one million images of planktonic particles over a transect of 13,500km. These images have been acquired at a flow rate of 12.5L per minute, in near-continuous underway mode from the ships seawater supply and in discrete mode using integrated vertical net haul samples. The aim of this development is to produce an instrument capable of delivering autonomously acquired and processed data on the biomass …

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Relative Sea Level Change In Western Alaska Estimated From Satellite Altimetry And Repeat Gps Measurements, Kimberly Grace Degrandpre Aug 2015

Relative Sea Level Change In Western Alaska Estimated From Satellite Altimetry And Repeat Gps Measurements, Kimberly Grace Degrandpre

Geosciences

Western Alaska is a remote region populated by small coastal communities that are sensitive to variations in local relative sea level (RSL). The focus of this thesis is to address two main questions; what are the RSL trends in Western Alaska and what are the geophysical processes that contribute to the changes observed? Quantification of RSL variation requires measuring vertical velocities for both land surface motion (onshore component) and the ocean surface (offshore component). This study presents a new method for coastal satellite altimetry estimation, the collection of historic water level measurements, analysis of tide gauge measurements from various sources, …

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A New Elasmosaurid (Sauropterygia: Plesiosauria) From The Bearpaw Formation (Late Cretaceous, Maastrichtian) Of Montana And The Evolution Of Neck Length In Elasmosauridae, Danielle J. Serratos Aug 2015

A New Elasmosaurid (Sauropterygia: Plesiosauria) From The Bearpaw Formation (Late Cretaceous, Maastrichtian) Of Montana And The Evolution Of Neck Length In Elasmosauridae, Danielle J. Serratos

Geosciences

Plesiosauria is a diverse clade of marine reptiles that have been studied since the early 19th century. However, phylogenetic relationships within the group have been contentious due to limited taxon sampling and a misunderstanding of how ontogeny, interspecific and intraspecific variation affect character states. This is particularly true for elasmosaurids, a clade of long-necked plesiosaurians known from the Cretaceous. In 2010, a new, nearly complete skeleton, MOR 3072, was collected from the Late Cretaceous (Campanian-Maastrichtian) Bearpaw Shale of northeast Montana, and it provides morphological information rarely observed within Elasmosauridae. MOR 3072 consists of a complete skull, the anterior 23 cervical …

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Beyond The Affordable Care Act’S Premium Tax Credit: Ensuring Access To Safety Net Programs, Mary Pareja Aug 2015

Beyond The Affordable Care Act’S Premium Tax Credit: Ensuring Access To Safety Net Programs, Mary Pareja

Hamline Law Review

BEYOND THE AFFORDABLE CARE ACT’S PREMIUM TAX CREDIT: ENSURING ACCESS TO SAFETY NET PROGRAMS

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Acer Research Conference Proceedings (2015), Acer Aug 2015

Acer Research Conference Proceedings (2015), Acer

2009 - 2019 ACER Research Conferences

It is indeed timely that Research Conference 2015 addresses the theme Learning Assessments: Designing the future. It is six years since our Research Conference considered issues in assessment, and the landscape is being significantly transformed. Not only is Australia’s school curriculum changing, but related issues of teaching quality and assessment practice are hot topics here and in many other countries. This transforming landscape includes changes in thinking about the fundamental purposes of assessment; growing demands for the assessment of a broader range of student skills and capabilities; and new technologies that allow us to gather and visualise information about student …

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Oil Biosynthesis In A Basal Angiosperm: Transcriptome Analysis Of Persea Americana Mesocarp, Aruna Kilaru, Xia Cao, Parker B. Dabbs, Ha-Jung Sung, Mahbubur Rahman, Nicholas Thrower, Greg Zynda, Ram Podicheti, Enrique Ibarra-Laclette, Luis Herrera-Estrella, Keithanne Mockaitis, John B. Ohlrogge Aug 2015

Oil Biosynthesis In A Basal Angiosperm: Transcriptome Analysis Of Persea Americana Mesocarp, Aruna Kilaru, Xia Cao, Parker B. Dabbs, Ha-Jung Sung, Mahbubur Rahman, Nicholas Thrower, Greg Zynda, Ram Podicheti, Enrique Ibarra-Laclette, Luis Herrera-Estrella, Keithanne Mockaitis, John B. Ohlrogge

ETSU Faculty Works

The mechanism by which plants synthesize and store high amounts of triacylglycerols (TAG) in tissues other than seeds is not well understood. The comprehension of controls for carbon partitioning and oil accumulation in nonseed tissues is essential to generate oil-rich biomass in perennial bioenergy crops. Persea americana (avocado), a basal angiosperm with unique features that are ancestral to most flowering plants, stores ~ 70 % TAG per dry weight in its mesocarp, a nonseed tissue. Transcriptome analyses of select pathways, from generation of pyruvate and leading up to TAG accumulation, in mesocarp tissues of avocado was conducted and compared with …

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Hedgehog Signaling Regulates Imaginal Cell Differentiation In A Basally Branching Holometabolous Insect, Carla M. Villarreal, Karin Darakananda, Victoria R. Wang, Pooja M. Jayaprakash, Yuichiro Suzuki Aug 2015

Hedgehog Signaling Regulates Imaginal Cell Differentiation In A Basally Branching Holometabolous Insect, Carla M. Villarreal, Karin Darakananda, Victoria R. Wang, Pooja M. Jayaprakash, Yuichiro Suzuki

Faculty Research and Scholarship

The evolution of imaginal cells, or stem cell-like cells, contributed to the spectacular diversification of holometabolous insects, which undergo complete metamorphosis. The proliferation and differentiation of these imaginal cells is under the control of juvenile hormone (JH), but which patterning genes respond to JH is currently unknown. Here, the role of Hedgehog (Hh) signaling in the development of imaginal cells was investigated. RNA interference-mediated knockdown of the components of the Hh signaling pathway showed that Hh is required for the proliferation of polymorphic and imaginal cells in Tribolium castaneum. Hh was also necessary for the regeneration of larval appendages. In …

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2015-2016, Collin College Aug 2015

2015-2016, Collin College

Course Catalogs

Contains information on courses and class descriptions as well as campus resources at Collin College.

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A Comparative Study Of Carnivorous Leaves In The Genus Sarracenia, Katie Nolan Aug 2015

A Comparative Study Of Carnivorous Leaves In The Genus Sarracenia, Katie Nolan

Master's Theses and Doctoral Dissertations

The carnivorous pitcher plant genus, Sarracenia, has modified leaves adapted to lure, trap, and digest insect prey. Little is known about surface microstructural ornamentation and variation throughout the genus. Four zones of the leaf were examined in four species throughout the range of the genus using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Nine unique microstructures were identified in the carnivorous leaf. For the first time, microstructures (N=880) were systematically measured and zonal averages were compared among zones (with MANOVA) and species (with PCA). Microstructures are significantly different among zones of the same leaf and vary among different species. These data suggest …

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Relationships Between Age And White Matter Integrity In Children With Phenylketonuria, Erika M. Wesonga Aug 2015

Relationships Between Age And White Matter Integrity In Children With Phenylketonuria, Erika M. Wesonga

Arts & Sciences Graduate Student Theses and Dissertations

Objective: Phenylketonuria (PKU) is a hereditary metabolic disorder associated with cognitive compromise. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) has allowed detection of poorer microstructural white matter integrity in children with PKU, with decreased mean diffusivity (MD) in comparison with healthy children. However, very little research has been conducted to examine the trajectory of white matter development in this population. The present study investigated potential differences in the developmental trajectory of MD between children with early- and continuously-treated PKU and healthy children across a range of brain regions. Methods: Children with PKU (n = 31, mean age = 12.2 years) were …

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Β-Lactamase Gene Exchange Within The Enterobacteriaceae, Mitchell William Pesesky Aug 2015

Β-Lactamase Gene Exchange Within The Enterobacteriaceae, Mitchell William Pesesky

Arts & Sciences Graduate Student Theses and Dissertations

Antibiotic resistance represents a grave threat to modern medicine’s control over infectious disease. Pathogens of the Enterobacteriaceae have proven particularly problematic as they can cause a wide variety of infections, and they can be, in some cases, resistant to all antibiotics recommended for use against them. A major part of the threat posed by the Enterobacteriaceae is their ability to exchange resistance genes by horizontal gene transfer (HGT). HGT has allowed some Enterobacteriaceae to quickly accumulate resistance against diverse antibiotics, and then to spread their resistance gene collection to other pathogenic strains. I explore three aspects of how HGT has …

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Characterizing And Modeling Antibiotic Resistance Dynamics In Diverse Microbial Communities, Molly Krisann Gibson Aug 2015

Characterizing And Modeling Antibiotic Resistance Dynamics In Diverse Microbial Communities, Molly Krisann Gibson

Arts & Sciences Graduate Student Theses and Dissertations

Complex microbial communities colonize every habitat investigated to date, including soil, animals, water, and humans, as well as the structures we live in. It has been hypothesized that there is network of exchange allowing both bacterial organisms and functions to seamlessly move between and within these environments. These microbial communities often serve essential and beneficial functions for the host organism or environment. This is particularly evident in the human gut, where microbial communities consistently provide a set of services to its human host, including protecting against enteric pathogens, liberating nutrients from food, and signaling immune system regulation. However, these communities …

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Functional Identification And Characterization Of Cis-Regulatory Elements, Christopher Michael Fiore Aug 2015

Functional Identification And Characterization Of Cis-Regulatory Elements, Christopher Michael Fiore

Arts & Sciences Graduate Student Theses and Dissertations

Transcription is regulated through interactions between regulatory proteins, such as transcription factors (TFs), and DNA sequence. It is known that TFs act combinatorially in some cases to regulate transcription, but in which situations and to what degree is unclear.I first studied the contribution of TF binding sites to expression in mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells by using synthetic cis-regulatory elements (CREs). The synthetic CREs were comprised of combinations of binding sites for the pluripotency TFs Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and Esrrb. A statistical thermodynamic model explained 72% of the variation in expression driven by these CREs. The high predictive power of …

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Dissection Of Affective Catecholamine Circuits Using Traditional And Wireless Optogenetics, Jordan Gary Mccall Aug 2015

Dissection Of Affective Catecholamine Circuits Using Traditional And Wireless Optogenetics, Jordan Gary Mccall

Arts & Sciences Graduate Student Theses and Dissertations

Parsing the complexity of the mammalian brain has challenged neuroscientists for thousands of years. In the early 21st century, advances in materials science and neuroscience have enabled unprecedented control of neural circuitry. In particular, cell-type selective manipulations, such as those with optogenetics and chemogenetics, routinely provide answers to previously intractable neurobiological questions in the intact, behaving animal.In this two-part dissertation, I first introduce new minimally invasive, wireless technology to perturb neural activity in the ventral tegmental area dopaminergic system of freely moving animals. I report a series of novel devices for studying and perturbing intact neural systems through optogenetics, microfluidic …

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Defining The Roles Of Outer Membrane Proteins And Host Cathelicidins In Uropathogenic Escherichia Coli Infection, Elizabeth Sarah Danka Aug 2015

Defining The Roles Of Outer Membrane Proteins And Host Cathelicidins In Uropathogenic Escherichia Coli Infection, Elizabeth Sarah Danka

Arts & Sciences Graduate Student Theses and Dissertations

The Gram-negative bacterium uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) is the causative agent of up to 85% of community-acquired urinary tract infections (UTIs). This thesis work aimed to better define interactions between UPEC and host antimicrobial peptides (AMPs). The bacterial outer membrane is constantly interacting with the external environment, and contains many integral proteins with defined roles in pathogenesis. The E. coli outer membrane protein OmpA is a highly conserved, integral beta-barrel membrane protein with four extracellular loops. We found that the loops of OmpA individually influence binding and invasion of UPEC during infection. Loop 2 appears to be essential for binding …

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Dna Damage Responses Regulate Macrophage Function During Innate Immune Responses, Abigail Rodriguez Morales Aug 2015

Dna Damage Responses Regulate Macrophage Function During Innate Immune Responses, Abigail Rodriguez Morales

Arts & Sciences Graduate Student Theses and Dissertations

Activated macrophages produce genotoxins such as reactive oxygen and nitrogen intermediates that are critical for the eradication of pathogens. Here we show that one of these agents, nitric oxide (NO), damages macrophage genomic DNA, resulting in the activation of DNA damage responses (DDR). The DDR is primarily initiated through DNA double-strand break (DSB) intermediates and depends on the PI3-like kinases ATM and DNA-PKcs. In response to Listeria monocytogenes infection, ATM and DNA-PKcs regulate a tissue-specific genetic program that includes the expression of inflammatory cytokines, chemokines and cell surface receptors, several of which are critical for cell migration during immune responses …

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Motor And Cargo Dynamics During Intraflagellar Transport: A Single Molecule Investigation, Anthony Paul Kovacs Aug 2015

Motor And Cargo Dynamics During Intraflagellar Transport: A Single Molecule Investigation, Anthony Paul Kovacs

Arts & Sciences Graduate Student Theses and Dissertations

The advent of single-molecule fluorescence imaging and super-resolution microscopy has produced a range of powerful tools that are able to interrogate biological systems at spatial and temporal resolutions that were previously thought to be well beyond the reach of the visible spectrum of light. While these new imaging techniques have already yielded impressive results across a broad range of studies, they still face a number of limitations. The work described herein aims to address some of these limitations by furthering the use of these techniques for the investigation of in vivo protein dynamics. Specifically, total internal reflection fluorescence (TIRF) microscopy …

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Flap Endonuclease 1 Promotes Telomere Replication And Stability By Distinct Mechanisms On The Leading And Lagging Strands, Daniel Cole Teasley Aug 2015

Flap Endonuclease 1 Promotes Telomere Replication And Stability By Distinct Mechanisms On The Leading And Lagging Strands, Daniel Cole Teasley

Arts & Sciences Graduate Student Theses and Dissertations

High fidelity DNA replication is essential for genomic stability and cell survival; this fact is underscored by the redundancy present in DNA replication and repair pathways. The complexity of these pathways is most evident at challenging DNA templates, such as those with repetitive sequence and transcribed loci. Among these challenging templates are telomeres, which are terminal, highly repetitive sequences that maintain genomic stability by preventing aberrant end-to-end chromosome fusions. In the absence of accurate, complete telomere replication, genomic instability results, ultimately leading to cell death or transformation. Here, we describe two unique roles in telomere stability for the DNA replication …

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Escherichia Coli Iron Acquisition Paradigms And Host Responses In The Human Urinary Milieu, Robin Reid Shields-Cutler Aug 2015

Escherichia Coli Iron Acquisition Paradigms And Host Responses In The Human Urinary Milieu, Robin Reid Shields-Cutler

Arts & Sciences Graduate Student Theses and Dissertations

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are some of the most common bacterial infections worldwide and are increasingly complicated by high antibiotic resistance and recurrence rates. Explanations for the marked individual differences in UTI susceptibility remain incomplete. In this thesis we show that urinary colonization by uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC) is influenced by urine composition and the activity of an important innate immune protein, siderocalin (SCN; also called lipocalin 2 or neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin/NGAL). During UTI, host factors limit the availability of iron, an essential nutrient for the invading pathogen. In response, UPEC modify the urinary environment with metal binding siderophores, some …

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Differential Response With Lower Risk And Foreign-Born Families: Understanding Risks, Services And Outcomes, Lina Millett Aug 2015

Differential Response With Lower Risk And Foreign-Born Families: Understanding Risks, Services And Outcomes, Lina Millett

Arts & Sciences Graduate Student Theses and Dissertations

Child abuse and neglect is a serious public health problem, whose prevention efforts are much needed to avoid a number of serious and irrevocable negative consequences. Currently, the majority of early prevention approaches are community based with fairly strict eligibility criteria. Public child welfare system has yet to settle on a clear paradigm for early prevention. As many states are considering extending their services to reports screened out of Child Protective Services (CPS), there is a need to better understand the utilization and effectiveness of such early preventative services. Additionally, changing American cultural landscape has presented challenges to the field …

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Evolutionary Developmental Leaf Morphology Of The Plant Family Araceae, Claudia Liliana Henriquez Aug 2015

Evolutionary Developmental Leaf Morphology Of The Plant Family Araceae, Claudia Liliana Henriquez

Arts & Sciences Graduate Student Theses and Dissertations

Studying the evolutionary developmental morphology of leaves using next-generation phylogenetics, a candidate gene approach and comparative developmental studies in the plant family Araceae is the overarching theme of the dissertation.The plant family Araceae is an ancient lineage from the Early Cretaceous and belongs to the monocotyledons. Members of Araceae display striking variation in leaf development; such variation contradicts traditional models of monocot leaf development. Additionally, dissected leaves, which are rare in monocots, seem to have evolved independently multiple times in Araceae by various developmental mechanisms.Despite extensive efforts to elucidate the evolutionary history of Araceae, phylogenetic ambiguity in the backbone of …

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A Gnotobiotic Mouse Model For Studying The Effect Of Human Gut Community Ecology On A Pathobiont, Bacteroides Fragilis, Vitas Wagner Aug 2015

A Gnotobiotic Mouse Model For Studying The Effect Of Human Gut Community Ecology On A Pathobiont, Bacteroides Fragilis, Vitas Wagner

Arts & Sciences Graduate Student Theses and Dissertations

ABSTRACT OF THE DISSERTATIONA Gnotobiotic Mouse Model for Studying the Effect of Human Gut Community Ecology on a Pathobiont, Bacteroides fragilisbyVitas WagnerDoctor of Philosophy in Biology and Biomedical SciencesEvolution, Ecology, and Population BiologyWashington University in St. Louis, 2015Professor Jeffrey I. Gordon, ChairChildhood undernutrition represents a pressing global health challenge. Epidemiologic studies have shown that undernutrition is not due to food insecurity alone, but rather represents a complex set of interactions between intra- and intergenerational factors. The gut microbiota has been implicated as one such factor. This thesis tested the hypothesis that enteropathogen burden affects the structure and expressed functions of …

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Breaking Apart The Reinforcement Learning Deficit In Schizophrenia, Adam Culbreth Aug 2015

Breaking Apart The Reinforcement Learning Deficit In Schizophrenia, Adam Culbreth

Arts & Sciences Graduate Student Theses and Dissertations

Reinforcement learning deficits have long been associated with schizophrenia. However, tasks traditionally used to assess these deficits often rely on multiple processing streams leaving the etiology of these task deficits unclear. In the current study, we borrowed a recent framework from computational neuroscience, which separates reinforcement-learning into two distinct systems, model-based and model-free. Under this framework, the model-free system learns about the value of actions in the immediate context, while the model-based system learns about the value of actions in both immediate and subsequent states that may be encountered as a result of their actions. Using a decision task that …

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Physical Activity And Maternal And Neonatal Outcomes In Obese Pregnant Women, Rachel Ann Tinius Aug 2015

Physical Activity And Maternal And Neonatal Outcomes In Obese Pregnant Women, Rachel Ann Tinius

Arts & Sciences Graduate Student Theses and Dissertations

Maternal obesity and physical inactivity during pregnancy are independently associated with unfavorable maternal and neonatal metabolic outcomes. Previous research in non-gravid adults suggests physical activity provides protection from many chronic diseases irrespective of body weight. The primary purposes of this dissertation were to determine the impact of obesity on maternal metabolic health (lipid metabolism, inflammation, insulin resistance) and neonatal metabolic health (adiposity, inflammation, insulin resistance), and to determine if adverse maternal and neonatal metabolic health is improved in obese pregnant women who are physically active during pregnancy compared to sedentary obese women. The secondary purpose of this dissertation was to …

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Parent Involvement In Education And College Planning For African American High School Students, Jennifer Threlfall Aug 2015

Parent Involvement In Education And College Planning For African American High School Students, Jennifer Threlfall

Arts & Sciences Graduate Student Theses and Dissertations

Parent involvement is critical for students’ success in high school and in accessing college, especially in low-income and minority families. However, many schools have failed to engage low-income African American parents, thereby contributing to a popular narrative of uninvolved and uninterested parents. Traditional models of parent involvement have favored a narrow range of activities undertaken by white and middle class families and do not account for the wider social and cultural context in which parenting occurs. The purpose of this qualitative study was therefore to investigate (1) caregiver and adolescent perceptions of parent involvement in education and college planning for …

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Manipulation Of Negative Social Evaluative Fears On Body Dissatisfaction And Eating Behaviors: Does Fear Of Social Evaluation Lead To Disordered Eating?, Cheri A. Levinson Aug 2015

Manipulation Of Negative Social Evaluative Fears On Body Dissatisfaction And Eating Behaviors: Does Fear Of Social Evaluation Lead To Disordered Eating?, Cheri A. Levinson

Arts & Sciences Graduate Student Theses and Dissertations

Social anxiety and eating disorders are highly comorbid. Researchers have suggested that there may be shared vulnerabilities that underlie the development of these disorders. Two of these proposed vulnerabilities are fear of negative evaluation and social appearance anxiety (i.e., fear of negative evaluation specifically focused on one’s appearance). Regarding disordered eating, previous self-report research has found that social appearance anxiety may be especially relevant for body dissatisfaction, whereas fear of negative evaluation may be relevant for drive for thinness. In the current study I manipulated fear of negative evaluation and social appearance anxiety using a speech task in 160 undergraduate …

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Relationship Between Serum Biomarkers And Three-Month Outcomes Following Pediatric Traumatic Brain Injury (Tbi), Alicia Leanne Janos Aug 2015

Relationship Between Serum Biomarkers And Three-Month Outcomes Following Pediatric Traumatic Brain Injury (Tbi), Alicia Leanne Janos

Arts & Sciences Graduate Student Theses and Dissertations

With more than 475,000 cases annually, traumatic brain injury (TBI) is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in children. Promising new tools for the prediction of functional outcomes following pediatric TBI are biomarkers of brain injury that can be detected in blood serum. The most commonly studied biomarkers, S100β, neuron-specific enolase (NSE), and myelin basic protein (MBP), have myriad limitations which preclude their use in clinical care. In the present study, serum concentrations of two novel biomarkers of brain injury (i.e., ubiquitin carboxy-terminal hydrolase-L1, UCH-L1; glial fibrillary acidic protein, GFAP) were collected 24 hours following severe TBI in 30 …

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Transformation Of Sympathies: Gendered Mediation Of Jordanian Education Reform For A Knowledge Economy, Rebecca Hodges Aug 2015

Transformation Of Sympathies: Gendered Mediation Of Jordanian Education Reform For A Knowledge Economy, Rebecca Hodges

Arts & Sciences Graduate Student Theses and Dissertations

In Jordan, teaching is widely considered “the best job for a woman” because it is accommodating and culturally appropriate for a wife and mother. Public secondary schools and comprehensive (K-12) schools in Jordan are predominantly gender-segregated, with female teachers and staff serving as models of professionalism and womanhood for generations of young girls. The Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan faces rising youth unemployment and pressures for democratization, and has responded with the explicitly transformational Education Reform for the Knowledge Economy (ERFKE) to overhaul the centralized public education system. ERFKE’s curricular goals include multilingualism, technological fluency, democratic participation, cooperation and teamwork, critical …

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Peripheral And Central Mechanisms Of Temporal Pattern Recognition, Christa Ann Baker Aug 2015

Peripheral And Central Mechanisms Of Temporal Pattern Recognition, Christa Ann Baker

Arts & Sciences Graduate Student Theses and Dissertations

Encoding information into the timing patterns of action potentials, or spikes, is a strategy used broadly in neural circuits. This type of coding scheme requires downstream neurons to be sensitive to the temporal patterns of presynaptic inputs. Indeed, neurons with temporal filtering properties have been found in a wide range of sensory pathways. However, how such response properties arise was previously not well understood. The goal of my dissertation research has been to elucidate how temporal filtering by single neurons contributes to the behavioral ability to recognize timing patterns in communication signals. I have addressed this question using mormyrid weakly …

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Essential Roles Of Stat3 In Zebrafish Development, Yinzi Liu Aug 2015

Essential Roles Of Stat3 In Zebrafish Development, Yinzi Liu

Arts & Sciences Graduate Student Theses and Dissertations

Vertebrate gastrulation is a fundamental morphogenetic process during which germ layers are formed, patterned and shaped into a body plan with organ rudiments. Among the conserved gastrulation movements, convergence and extension (C&E) occur concurrently to narrow the germ layers mediolaterally and elongate them along the anteroposterior embryonic axis. C&E are largely driven by cell migration and cell intercalation, while cell proliferation has been considered dispensable and even incompatible with gastrulation movements and morphogenesis. Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (Stat3) has been implicated by antisense morpholino loss-of-function study in regulation of zebrafish C&E movements in part by promoting non …

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