Digital Commons Network^™

Oxygen-Limited Thermal Tolerance Is Seen In A Plastron-Breathing Insect And Can Be Induced In A Bimodal Gas Exchanger., Wilco C.E.P. Verberk, David T. Bilton

School of Biological and Marine Sciences

Thermal tolerance has been hypothesized to result from a mismatch between oxygen supply and demand. However, the generality of this hypothesis has been challenged by studies on various animal groups, including air-breathing adult insects. Recently, comparisons across taxa have suggested that differences in gas exchange mechanisms could reconcile the discrepancies found in previous studies. Here, we test this suggestion by comparing the behaviour of related insect taxa with different gas exchange mechanisms, with and without access to air. We demonstrate oxygen-limited thermal tolerance in air-breathing adults of the plastron-exchanging water bug Aphelocheirus aestivalis. Ilyocoris cimicoides, a related, bimodal gas exchanger, …

Vertical Structure Of Near-Bed Cross-Shore Flow Velocities In The Swash Zone Of A Dissipative Beach, Kris Inch, Gerd Masselink, Jack A. Puleo, Paul Russell, Daniel C. Conley

School of Biological and Marine Sciences

No abstract provided.

Home Advantage? Decomposition Across The Freshwater-Estuarine Transition Zone Varies With Litter Origin And Local Salinity, Giulio Franzitta, Mick E. Hanley, Laura Airoldi, Cecilia Baggini, David T. Bilton, Simon D. Rundle, Richard C. Thompson

School of Biological and Marine Sciences

No abstract provided.

It Will Take More Than Seaweed To Dealwith Ocean Acidification, Jm Hall-Spencer, Lr Pettit, La Newcomb, E Carrington, Cw Smart, Mb Hart, M Milazzo

School of Biological and Marine Sciences

No abstract provided.

Capelatus Prykei Gen. Et Sp.N. (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae: Copelatinae) - A Phylogenetically Isolated Diving Beetle From The Western Cape Of South Africa, David T. Bilton, Emmanuel F.A. Toussaint, Clive R. Turner, Michael Balke

School of Biological and Marine Sciences

No abstract provided.

The Continuous Plankton Recorder Survey: How Can Long-Term Phytoplankton Datasets Contribute To The Assessment Of Good Environmental Status?, Abigail Mcquatters-Gollop, Martin Edwards, Pierre Helaouët, David G. Johns, Nicholas J.P. Owens, Dionysios E. Raitsos, Declan Schroeder, Jennifer Skinner, Rowena F. Stern

School of Biological and Marine Sciences

No abstract provided.

Evidence For Distinct Coastal And Offshore Communities Of Bottlenose Dolphins In The North East Atlantic., Machiel G. Oudejans, Fleur Visser, Anneli Englund, Emer Rogan, Simon N. Ingram

School of Biological and Marine Sciences

Bottlenose dolphin stock structure in the northeast Atlantic remains poorly understood. However, fine scale photo-id data have shown that populations can comprise multiple overlapping social communities. These social communities form structural elements of bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) [corrected] populations, reflecting specific ecological and behavioural adaptations to local habitats. We investigated the social structure of bottlenose dolphins in the waters of northwest Ireland and present evidence for distinct inshore and offshore social communities. Individuals of the inshore community had a coastal distribution restricted to waters within 3 km from shore. These animals exhibited a cohesive, fission-fusion social organisation, with repeated resightings …

Evaluating Shoreline Identification Using Optical Satellite Images, G Garcia-Rubio, David Huntley, Paul Russell

School of Biological and Marine Sciences

No abstract provided.

Marine Spatial Planning And Good Environmental Status: A Perspective On Spatial And Temporal Dimensions, Alison J. Gilbert, Karen Alexander, Rafael Sardá, Raminta Brazinskaite, Christian Fischer, Kira Gee, Mark Jessopp, Peter Kershaw, Hans J. Los, Morla D March, Cathal O'Mahony, Mia Pihlajamäki, Siân Rees, Riku Varjopuro

School of Biological and Marine Sciences

No abstract provided.

Investigating Anhedonia In A Non-Conventional Species: Do Some Riding Horses Equus Caballus Display Symptoms Of Depression?, C Fureix, C Beaulieu, S Argaud, C Rochais, Et Al

School of Biological and Marine Sciences

Investigating depression-like conditions in animals is methodologically challenging, but potentially important for welfare. Some riding horses display ‘withdrawn’ states of inactivity and low responsiveness that resemble the reduced engagement with the environment shown by certain depressed patients. To assess whether these animals are experiencing a depression-like state, we investigated anhedonia – the loss of pleasure, a key symptom of human depression – in 20 withdrawn and non-withdrawn horses from the same stable. The time horses spent being withdrawn appeared unrelated to age or sex, but correlated with time devoted to stereotypic behaviour, a possible marker of lifetime stress. Comparison with …

Evaluating Unsupervised Methods To Size And Classify Suspended Particles Using Digital In-Line Holography, Emlyn J. Davies, Daniel Buscombe, George W. Graham, W. Alex M. Nimmo-Smith

School of Biological and Marine Sciences

Substantial information can be gained from digital in-line holography of marine particles, eliminating depth-of-field and focusing errors associated with standard lens-based imagingmethods.However, for the technique to reach its full potential in oceanographic research, fully unsupervised (automated) methods are required for focusing, segmentation, sizing, and classification of particles. These computational challenges are the subject of this paper, in which the authors draw upon data collected using a variety of holographic systems developed at Plymouth University, United Kingdom, from a significant range of particle types, sizes, and shapes. A new method for noise reduction in reconstructed planes is found to be successful …

Surveillance As Loss Of Obscurity, Woodrow Hartzog, Evan Selinger

Faculty Scholarship

Everyone seems concerned about government surveillance, yet we have a hard time agreeing when and why it is a problem and what we should do about it. When is surveillance in public unjustified? Does metadata raise privacy concerns? Should encrypted devices have a backdoor for law enforcement officials? Despite increased attention, surveillance jurisprudence and theory still struggle for coherence. A common thread for modern surveillance problems has been difficult to find.

In this article we argue that the concept of ‘obscurity,’ which deals with the transaction costs involved in finding or understanding information, is the key to understanding and uniting …

Cellulose, Chitosan, And Keratin Composite Materials. Controlled Drug Release, Chieu D. Tran, Tamutsiwa Moven Mututuvari

Chemistry Faculty Research and Publications

A method was developed in which cellulose (CEL) and/or chitosan (CS) were added to keratin (KER) to enable [CEL/CS+KER] composites to have better mechanical strength and wider utilization. Butylmethylimmidazolium chloride ([BMIm⁺Cl^–]), an ionic liquid, was used as the sole solvent, and because the [BMIm⁺Cl^–] used was recovered, the method is green and recyclable. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy results confirm that KER, CS, and CEL remain chemically intact in the composites. Tensile strength results expectedly show that adding CEL or CS into KER substantially increases the mechanical strength of the composites. We found …

Indolinyl-Thiazole Based Inhibitors Of Scavenger Receptor-Bi (Sr-Bi)-Mediated Lipid Transport, Chris Dockendorff, Patrick W. Faloon, Miao Yu, Willmen Youngsaye, Marsha Penman, Thomas J.F. Nieland, Partha P. Nag, Timothy A. Lewis, Jun Pu, Melissa Bennion, Joseph Negri, Conor Paterson, Garrett Lam, Sivaraman Dandapani, José R. Perez, Benito Munoz, Michelle A. Palmer, Stuart L. Schreiber, Monty Krieger

Chemistry Faculty Research and Publications

A potent class of indolinyl-thiazole based inhibitors of cellular lipid uptake mediated by scavenger receptor, class B, type I (SR-BI) was identified via a high-throughput screen of the National Institutes of Health Molecular Libraries Small Molecule Repository (NIH MLSMR) in an assay measuring the uptake of the fluorescent lipid DiI from HDL particles. This class of compounds is represented by ML278 (17–11), a potent (average IC₅₀ = 6 nM) and reversible inhibitor of lipid uptake via SR-BI. ML278 is a plasma-stable, noncytotoxic probe that exhibits moderate metabolic stability, thus displaying improved properties for in vitro …

Ultrafast Hole Trapping And Relaxation Dynamics In P-Type Cus Nanodisks, John Ludwig, Li An, Brian Pattengale, Qingyu Kong, Xiaoyi Zhang, Pinxian Xi, Jier Huang

Chemistry Faculty Research and Publications

CuS nanocrystals are potential materials for developing low-cost solar energy conversion devices. Understanding the underlying dynamics of photoinduced carriers in CuS nanocrystals is essential to improve their performance in these devices. In this work, we investigated the photoinduced hole dynamics in CuS nanodisks (NDs) using the combination of transient optical (OTA) and X-ray (XTA) absorption spectroscopy. OTA results show that the broad transient absorption in the visible region is attributed to the photoinduced hot and trapped holes. The hole trapping process occurs on a subpicosecond time scale, followed by carrier recombination (~100 ps). The nature of the hole trapping sites, …

Chemoselective Formation Of Unsymmetrically Substituted Ethers From Catalytic Reductive Coupling Of Aldehydes And Ketones With Alcohols In Aqueous Solution, Nishantha Kumara Kalutharage, Chae S. Yi

Chemistry Faculty Research and Publications

A well-defined cationic Ru–H complex catalyzes reductive etherification of aldehydes and ketones with alcohols. The catalytic method employs environmentally benign water as the solvent and cheaply available molecular hydrogen as the reducing agent to afford unsymmetrical ethers in a highly chemoselective manner.

Recovery Of Force Output And Electromyography From Trunk Muscles After Cyclic Passive Loading., Shikha K. Vij

Research Papers

TITLE: RECOVERY OF FORCE OUTPUT AND ELECTROMYOGRAPHY FROM TRUNK MUSCLES AFTER CYCLIC PASSIVE LOADING

Major Advisor: Michael W. Olson

TITLE: RECOVERY OF FORCE OUTPUT AND ELECTROMYOGRAPHY FROM TRUNK MUSCLES AFTER CYCLIC PASSIVE LOADING

Major Advisor: Michael W. Olson

Continuous loading of the low back tissues results in modified neuromuscular and kinetic output during trunk extension efforts. It is believed that the viscoelastic behavior of these low back tissues is modified, but the ramifications of these loading schemes needs further study for longer durations. The purpose of this research project was to observe force output and muscle activation pattern changes during …

Medical/Dental Education Preparatory Program Students: Making A Difference In Health Professional Shortage Areas, Glenda D. Sullivan

Research Papers

No abstract provided.

Steroid Psychosis, History Of Corticosteroid Use And Associated Side Effects: Implications For Rehabilitation Counselors, Mark E. Yasaitis

Research Papers

Throughout the medical community, corticosteroid medications are widely used for the treatment of ailments ranging from inflammatory disorders such as arthritic conditions and spinal cord injuries, to skin conditions such eczema and psoriasis. Additional conditions could also include such disorders as inflammatory bowel disease. Also associated with corticosteroid treatments is the anabolic steroid family. These types of steroids are most commonly used for the enhancement of human tissues such as muscle growth associated with athletes referred to as performance enhancing drugs. Additionally, the use of diuretics, predominately in women, have a base of some type of steroid. For the users …

A Study Of Exercise Environment And Its Effect On Changes In Mood: Indoors Vs Outdoors, Colin Fannon

Research Papers

AN ABSTRACT OF THE RESEARCH PAPER OF

COLIN FANNON for the Masters of Science degree in Education in Kinesiology,

presented___________, at Southern Illinois University-Carbondale.

TITLE: A STUDY OF EXERCISE ENVIRONMENT AND ITS EFFECT ON CHANGES IN MOOD: INDOORS VS OUTDOORS

MAJOR PROFESSOR: Jared M. Porter Ph.D.

Exercising in a green outdoor environment has been shown to have psychological and physiological benefits when compared to indoor, or non-green exercise environments. The purpose of this study was to determine whether positive mood traits could be enhanced during a group fitness type class in a green outdoor environment. Participants (n = 44) …

Beyond The Expansion Framework: How Same-Sex Marriage Changes The Institutional Meaning Of Marriage And Heterosexual Men's Conception Of Marriage, Alan J. Hawkins, Jason S. Carroll

Faculty Publications

Social institutions profoundly affect human behavior. They provide human relationships with meaning, norms, and patterns, and in doing so encourage and guide conduct; they are the "humanly devised constraints that shape human interaction." That is their function. And when the definitions and norms that constitute a social institution change, the behaviors and interactions that the institution shapes also change.

Metazoan Parasites Of Antarctic Fishes, Mehmet Cemal Oğuz, Yahya Tepe, Mark C. Belk, Richard A. Heckmann, Burçak Aslan, Meryem Gürgen, Rodney A. Bray, Ülker Akgül

Faculty Publications

To date, there have been nearly 100 papers published on metazoan parasites of Antarctic fishes, but there has not yet been any compilation of a species list of fish parasites for this large geographic area. Herein, we provide a list of all documented occurrences of monogenean, cestode, digenean, acanthocephalan, nematode, and hirudinean parasites of Antarctic fishes. The list includes nearly 250 parasite species found in 142 species of host fishes. It is likely that there are more species of fish parasites, which are yet to be documented from Antarctic waters.

"If You Is White, You's Alright....": Stories About Colorism In America, Kimberly Jade Norwood

Scholarship@WashULaw

This Article examines the inefficiencies of Missouri municipal courts that came into sharp focus following the killing of Michael Brown by Officer Darren Wilson in Ferguson, Missouri. Norwood details and expands on her lone dissent in the Final Report of the Municipal Division Work Group—a group created by the Missouri Supreme Court to address the alleged abuses of black and poor residents in Missouri. Norwood argues for consolidating failing municipal courts to create larger, more functional, and just courts.

Modeling Light Gas And Tar Yields From Pyrolysis Of Green River Oil Shale Demineralized Kerogen Using The Chemical Percolation Devolatilization Model, Daniel Barfuss, Ronald J. Pugmire, Thomas H. Fletcher

Faculty Publications

Recent detailed chemical structure analyses of three demineralized kerogens from Green River oil shale samples were used to generate input parameters for the chemical percolation devolatilization (CPD) model. This model uses a lattice network to describe pyrolysis of solid hydrocarbons, such as coal and biomass. It was necessary to modify the formulation of the CPD model to account for the long aliphatic carbon chains found in oil shale, because gases formed from these long chains condense at room temperature and are counted as tar. It was initially assumed that 20% of the aliphatic material was released as light gas during …

Nebulized Isotonic Saline Improves Voice Production In Sjögren's Syndrome, Shawn L. Nissen, Kristine Tanner, Ray M. Merrill, Alison Miner, Ron W. Channell, Karla L. Miller, Mark Elstad, Katherine A. Kendall, Nelson Roy

Faculty Publications

Objective: This study examined the effects of a topical vocal fold hydration treatment on voice production over time. Study Design: Prospective, longitudinal, within-subjects A (baseline), B (treatment), A (withdrawal/reversal), B (treatment) experimental design. Methods: Eight individuals with primary Sjogren’s syndrome (SS), an autoimmune disease causing laryngeal dryness, € completed an 8-week A-B-A-B experiment. Participants performed twice-daily audio recordings of connected speech and sustained vowels and then rated vocal effort, mouth dryness, and throat dryness. Two-week treatment phases introduced twicedaily 9-mL doses of nebulized isotonic saline (0.9% Na1Cl2). Voice handicap and patient-based measures of SS disease severity were collected before and …

Call Me Alix, Not Elix: Vowels Are More Important Than Consonants In Own-Name Recognition At 5 Months., Camillia Bouchon, Caroline Floccia, Thibaut Fux, Martine Adda-Decker, Thierry Nazzi

School of Psychology

Consonants and vowels differ acoustically and articulatorily, but also functionally: Consonants are more relevant for lexical processing, and vowels for prosodic/syntactic processing. These functional biases could be powerful bootstrapping mechanisms for learning language, but their developmental origin remains unclear. The relative importance of consonants and vowels at the onset of lexical acquisition was assessed in French-learning 5-month-olds by testing sensitivity to minimal phonetic changes in their own name. Infants' reactions to mispronunciations revealed sensitivity to vowel but not consonant changes. Vowels were also more salient (on duration and intensity) but less distinct (on spectrally based measures) than consonants. Lastly, vowel …

Enhanced Visual Statistical Learning In Adults With Autism., Matthew E. Roser, Richard N. Aslin, Rebecca Mckenzie, Daniel Zahra, József Fiser

School of Psychology

OBJECTIVE: Individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are often characterized as having social engagement and language deficiencies, but a sparing of visuospatial processing and short-term memory (STM), with some evidence of supranormal levels of performance in these domains. The present study expanded on this evidence by investigating the observational learning of visuospatial concepts from patterns of covariation across multiple exemplars. METHOD: Child and adult participants with ASD, and age-matched control participants, viewed multishape arrays composed from a random combination of pairs of shapes that were each positioned in a fixed spatial arrangement. RESULTS: After this passive exposure phase, a posttest …

A Computational Model Of Innate Directional Selectivity Refined By Visual Experience, Sv Adams, Cm Harris

School of Psychology

No abstract provided.

How Well Do Protected Area Networks Support Taxonomic And Functional Diversity In Non-Target Taxa? The Case Of Iberian Freshwaters, S. Guareschi, D. T. Bilton, J. Velasco, A Millan, P Abellan

School of Biological and Marine Sciences

No abstract provided.

Parent–Child Connectedness Mediates The Association Between Marital Conflict And Children’S Internalizing/Externalizing Outcomes, Scott Braithwaite, Emily Steele, Kersti A. Spjut, Krista Joy Dowdle, James Harper

Faculty Publications

A number of studies of marital conflict have examined both parent- and child–reports of marital conflict and child outcomes, but additional research is needed to provide evidence for potential mechanisms of action explaining the association between marital conflict and child internalizing and externalizing outcomes. In the present study (N = 330 2-parent/child triads), we show that the connectedness of the parent–child relationship (as reported by parents, but not children) significantly mediated the effect of marital conflict on children’s internalizing and externalizing behaviors. Our findings suggest that children’s perceptions are important when trying to understand the impact of marital conflict, but …