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Cardiolipin Regulates Mitophagy Through The Pkc Pathway, Zheni Shen

Wayne State University Dissertations

Cardiolipin (CL), the signature phospholipid of mitochondrial membranes, is important for cardiovascular health. Perturbation of CL metabolism is implicated in cardiovascular disease (CVD). The link between CL and CVD may be explained by the physiological roles of CL in pathways that are cardioprotective, such as autophagy/mitophagy and the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways. My dissertation work focuses on elucidating how CL influences mitophagy and MAPK pathways.

crd1Δ was synthetically lethal/sick with the general autophagy mutants atg8Δ, atg18Δ and mitophagy mutant atg32Δ, suggesting that autophagy/mitophagy may be deficient in cells lacking CL. Microscopic examination of mitophagy revealed decreased translocation of GFP-tagged …

The Effects Of Emotional Awareness And Expression Training And Relaxation Training For People With Irritable Bowel Syndrome: A Randomized Trial, Elyse Thakur

Wayne State University Dissertations

ABSTRACT

THE EFFECTS OF EMOTIONAL AWARENESS AND EXPRESSION TRAINING AND RELAXATION TRAINING FOR PEOPLE WITH IRRITABLE BOWEL SYNDROME: A RANDOMIZED TRIAL

by

ELYSE R. THAKUR

August 2015

Advisor: Dr. Mark A. Lumley

Major: Psychology (Clinical)

Degree: Doctor of Philosophy

Irritable bowel syndrome has historically been considered a “functional” or “medically unexplained” disorder, characterized by abdominal discomfort and altered bowel habits. However, many facets of the disorder remain unclear and symptoms are often variable, which make it difficult to find successful treatments. A history of trauma, stressful life events, and intrapsychic conflict is common among people with IBS, as is the …

Using Gatt-Trips To Improve Development Opportunities: A Proposal For Central America, Cecily Anne O’Regan, Patrick T. O’Regan

UC Law Science and Technology Journal

Given the geographic and natural resource advantages that countries in the Americas have which will likely shape the business and trade climate in the 21st century, accelerating the development process for developing countries in the region takes on new significance for all involved. This work assesses ways in which Central American countries can use compliance with GATT-TRIPs and TRIPs-plus bilateral agreements to promote their economic development. The first section describes current approaches to IP protection in Costa Rica and El Salvador. The final section goes on to propose regional strategies and legal changes, which are GATT-TRIPs compliant that could potentially …

What We Talk About When We Talk About Housing Honors, Linda Frost

National Collegiate Honors Council Monographs: Chapters

When I went to college in the early 1980s at Bowling Green State University in Ohio, I entered as a freshman in the honors program. I have very specific memories of those first classes I took as an honors student—a section of honors sociology in which I wrote a case study of my German immigrant grandfather; an honors seminar in 1930s avant garde theatre in which the students wrote and performed plays based on the dreams they recorded nightly in their dream journals; an honors marine biology lab that ended at the professor’s house with a dinner where the group …

The Genesis Of Barrett, The Honors College At Arizona State University, Mark Jacobs

National Collegiate Honors Council Monographs: Chapters

The honors college at Arizona State University (ASU) had its roots in the distributed honors programs in departments and schools that began in 1958 as ASU became a university by a statewide popular vote. It started as an honors college when it was created in 1988 by order of the Arizona Board of Regents (ABOR), the only honors college in the state established in this way. The founding dean of what was at first called the ASU University Honors College was Ted Humphrey, who had earlier directed the university honors program. Professor Humphrey had very specific ideas about what the …

About The Authors

National Collegiate Honors Council Monographs: Chapters

No abstract provided.

Housing Honors, Linda Frost, Lisa W. Kay, Rachael Poe

National Collegiate Honors Council Monographs: Chapters

Introduction: What We Talk About When We Talk About Housing Honors. . . ix Linda Frost

Part I: Housing Honors Today

CHAPTER 1: Where Honors Lives: Results from a Survey of the Structures and Spaces of U.S. Honors Programs and Colleges . . . 3 Linda Frost and Lisa W. Kay

Part II: Profiles of Spaces and Places in Honors

CHAPTER 2: The Commonwealth Honors College Residential Community at the University of Massachusetts Amherst . . . 47 Melissa Woglom and Meredith Lind

CHAPTER 3: Do Your Homework First, and Then Go Play! . . . 57 Larry Andrews

CHAPTER …

Flow, Spray Pattern, And Droplet Spectra Characteristics Of An Electronically Actuated Variable-Orifice Nozzle, Joe D. Luck, Santosh Pitla, M. P. Sama, S. A. Shearer

Department of Agricultural and Biological Systems Engineering: Faculty Publications

The purpose of this study was to develop and evaluate the flow rate, spray pattern, and droplet spectra characteristics of an actively controlled variable-orifice nozzle at constant carrier pressures. A commercially available variable- orifice nozzle (VariTarget) was modified to allow for direct electromechanical control of the metering stem. The modified system was tested at five carrier pressures ranging from 138 to 414 kPa and five metering stem (and thus orifice) positions. The metering stem position range was chosen because it provided a linear response in flow rate at each carrier pressure. Flow rate testing indicated a turndown ratio of 2.4:1 …

Biom 4110/6110: The Science Of Medicine, Bradford D. Pendley

Biomedical Engineering Syllabi Archive

Course Description: Integration of fundamental principles from physics, chemistry, biology and mathematics, and applications of these principles to solve problems in medicine.

Estimating Human Movements Using Memory Of Errors, D. Dong, S. Franklin, P. Agrawal

CCRG Papers

No abstract provided.

Paved With Good Intentions: Unintended Consequences Of Federal Proposals To Integrate Child Support And Parenting Time., Stacy Brustin, Lisa Vollendorf Martin

Scholarly Articles

This Article proceeds in three parts to evaluate the merits of integrating custody and visitation determinations in government-initiated child support proceedings. Part I situates the federal parenting time proposals within the doctrines that shape the scope and allocation of parental rights and responsibilities. This part explores parents’ ability to establish custody, visitation, and child support arrangements, both outside of the court system and within the context of domestic relations proceedings. The section goes on to explore the federal and state child support enforcement structure and recent attempts to change the goal of government involvement from recapturing costs to creating opportunities …

Investigating Biological Assumptions Through Radical Reimplementation, Joel Lehman, Kenneth O. Stanley

Faculty Bibliography 2010s

An important goal in both artificial life and biology is uncovering the most general principles underlying life, which might catalyze both our understanding of life and engineering lifelike machines. While many such general principles have been hypothesized, conclusively testing them is difficult because life on Earth provides only a singular example from which to infer. To circumvent this limitation, this article formalizes an approach called radical reimplementation. The idea is to investigate an abstract biological hypothesis by intentionally reimplementing its main principles to diverge maximally from existing natural examples. If the reimplementation successfully exhibits properties resembling biology, it may support …

Adjusting Lidar-Derived Digital Terrain Models In Coastal Marshes Based On Estimated Aboveground Biomass Density, Stephen Medeiros, Scott Hagen, John Weishampel, James Angelo

Faculty Bibliography 2010s

Digital elevation models (DEMs) derived from airborne lidar are traditionally unreliable in coastal salt marshes due to the inability of the laser to penetrate the dense grasses and reach the underlying soil. To that end, we present a novel processing methodology that uses ASTER Band 2 (visible red), an interferometric SAR (IfSAR) digital surface model, and lidar-derived canopy height to classify biomass density using both a three- class scheme (high, medium and low) and a two-class scheme (high and low). Elevation adjustments associated with these classes using both median and quartile approaches were applied to adjust lidar-derived elevation values closer …

The Large Ribosomal Subunit Protein L9 Enables The Growth Of Ef-P Deficient Cells And Enhances Small Subunit Maturation, Anusha Naganathan, Matthew P. Wood, Sean D. Moore

Faculty Bibliography 2010s

The loss of the large ribosomal protein L9 causes a reduction in translation fidelity by an unknown mechanism. To identify pathways affected by L9, we identified mutants of E. coli that require L9 for fitness. In a prior study, we characterized L9-dependent mutations in the essential GTPase Der (EngA). Here, we describe a second class of L9-dependent mutations that either compromise or inactivate elongation factor P (EF-P, eIF5A in eukaryotes). Without L9, Delta efp cells are practically inviable. Cell fractionation studies revealed that, in both the Der and EF-P mutant cases, L9's activity reduces immature 16S rRNA in 30S particles …

Fibroblast Growth Factor-9 Enhances M2 Macrophage Differentiation And Attenuates Adverse Cardiac Remodeling In The Infarcted Diabetic Heart, Dinender K. Singla, Reetu D. Singla, Latifa S. Abdelli, Carley Glass

Faculty Bibliography 2010s

Inflammation has been implicated as a perpetrator of diabetes and its associated complications. Monocytes, key mediators of inflammation, differentiate into pro-inflammatory M1 macrophages and anti-inflammatory M2 macrophages upon infiltration of damaged tissue. However, the inflammatory cell types, which propagate diabetes progression and consequential adverse disorders, remain unclear. The current study was undertaken to assess monocyte infiltration and the role of fibroblast growth factor-9 (FGF-9) on monocyte to macrophage differentiation and cardioprotection in the diabetic infarcted heart. Db/db diabetic mice were assigned to sham, myocardial infarction (MI), and MI+FGF-9 groups. MI was induced by permanent coronary artery ligation and animals were …

Effects Of Beta-Hydroxy-Beta-Methylbutyrate Free Acid Ingestion And Resistance Exercise On The Acute Endocrine Response, Jeremy R. Townsend, Jay R. Hoffman, Adam M. Gonzalez, Adam R. Jajtner, Carleigh H. Boone, Edward H. Robinson, Gerald T. Mangine, Adam J. Wells, Maren S. Fragala, David H. Fukuda, Jeffrey R. Stout

Faculty Bibliography 2010s

Objective. To examine the endocrine response to a bout of heavy resistance exercise following acute beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate free acid (HMB-FA) ingestion. Design. Twenty resistance trained men were randomized and consumed either 1 g of HMB-FA (BetaTor) or placebo (PL) 30 min prior to performing an acute heavy resistance exercise protocol. Blood was obtained before (PRE), immediately after (IP), and 30 min after exercise (30P). Circulating concentrations of testosterone, growth hormone (GH), insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1), and insulin were assayed. Data were analyzed with a repeated measures ANOVA and area under the curve (AUC) was analyzed by the trapezoidal rule. Results. The …

Determining Origin In A Migratory Marine Vertebrate: A Novel Method To Integrate Stable Isotopes And Satellite Tracking, Hannah B. Vander Zanden, Anton D. Tucker, Kristen M. Hart, Margaret M. Lamont, David S. Addison, Katherine L. Mansfield, Katrina F. Phillips, Michael B. Wunder, Gabriel J. Bowen, Mariela Pajuelo, Alan B. Bolten, Karen A. Bjorndal

Faculty Bibliography 2010s

Stable isotope analysis is a useful tool to track animal movements in both terrestrial and marine environments. These intrinsic markers are assimilated through the diet and may exhibit spatial gradients as a result of biogeochemical processes at the base of the food web. In the marine environment, maps to predict the spatial distribution of stable isotopes are limited, and thus determining geographic origin has been reliant upon integrating satellite telemetry and stable isotope data. Migratory sea turtles regularly move between foraging and reproductive areas. Whereas most nesting populations can be easily accessed and regularly monitored, little is known about the …

A Thermodynamic Interpretation Of Budyko And L'Vovich Formulations Of Annual Water Balance: Proportionality Hypothesis And Maximum Entropy Production, Dingbao Wang, Jianshi Zhao, Yin Tang, Murugesu Sivapalan

Faculty Bibliography 2010s

The paper forms part of the search for a thermodynamic explanation for the empirical Budyko Curve, addressing a long-standing research question in hydrology. Here this issue is pursued by invoking the Proportionality Hypothesis underpinning the Soil Conservation Service (SCS) curve number method widely used for estimating direct runoff at the event scale. In this case, the Proportionality Hypothesis posits that the ratio of continuing abstraction to its potential value is equal to the ratio of direct runoff to its potential value. Recently, the validity of the Proportionality Hypothesis has been extended to the partitioning of precipitation into runoff and evaporation …

Mbbc: An Efficient Approach For Metagenomic Binning Based On Clustering, Ying Wang, Haiyan Hu, Xiaoman Li

Faculty Bibliography 2010s

Background: Binning environmental shotgun reads is one of the most fundamental tasks in metagenomic studies, in which mixed reads from different species or operational taxonomical units (OTUs) are separated into different groups. While dozens of binning methods are available, there is still room for improvement. Results: We developed a novel taxonomy-independent approach called MBBC (Metagenomic Binning Based on Clustering) to cluster environmental shotgun reads, by considering k-mer frequency in reads and Markov properties of the inferred OTUs. Tested on twelve simulated datasets, MBBC reliably estimated the species number, the genome size, and the relative abundance of each species, independent of …

Defining The Catalytic Activity Of Nanoceria In The P23h-1 Rat, A Photoreceptor Degeneration Model, Lily L. Wong, Quentin N. Pye, Lijuan Chen, Sudipta Seal, James F. Mcginnis

Faculty Bibliography 2010s

Purpose Inorganic catalytic nanoceria or cerium oxide nanoparticles (CeNPs) are bona fide antioxidants that possess regenerative radical scavenging activities in vitro. Previously, we demonstrated that CeNPs had neuroprotective and anti-angiogenic properties in rodent retinal degeneration and neovascularization models. However, the cellular mechanisms and duration of the catalytic activity of CeNPs in preventing photoreceptor cell loss are still unknown. In this study, we sought to answer these questions using the P23H-1 rat, an autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa (adRP) model. Methods A single dose of either saline or CeNPs was delivered intravitreally into the eyes of P23H-1 rats at 2-3 weeks of …

Gene Expression Of Key Regulators Of Mitochondrial Biogenesis Is Sex Dependent In Mice With Growth Hormone Receptor Deletion In Liver, Ilona Zawada, Michal M. Masternak, Edward O. List, Michael B. Stout, Darlene E. Berryman, Andrzej Lewinski, John J. Kopchick, Andrzej Bartke, Malgorzata Karbownik-Lewinska

Faculty Bibliography 2010s

Mitochondrial biogenesis is an essential process for cell viability. Mice with disruption of the growth hormone receptor (GHR) gene (Ghr gene) in the liver (LiGHRKO), in contrast to long-lived mice with global deletion of the Ghr gene (GHRKO), are characterized by lack of improved insulin sensitivity and severe hepatic steatosis. Tissue-specific disruption of the GHR in liver results in a mouse model with dramatically altered GH/IGF1 axis. We have previously shown increased levels of key regulators of mitochondrial biogenesis in insulin-sensitive GHRKO mice. The aim of the present study is to assess, using real-time PCR, the gene expression of key …

Connectivity Conservation And Endangered Species Recovery: A Study In The Challenges Of Defining Conservation-Reliant Species, Carlos Carroll, Daniel J. Rohlf, Ya-Wei Li, Brett Hartl, Michael K. Phillips, Reed F. Noss

Faculty Bibliography 2010s

Many species listed under the US Endangered Species Act (ESA) face continuing threats and will require intervention to address those threats for decades. These species, which have been termed conservation-reliant, pose a challenge to the ESA's mandate for recovery of self-sustaining populations. Most references to conservation-reliant species by federal agencies involve the restoration of population connectivity. However, the diverse threats to connectivity faced by different species have contrasting implications in the context of the ESA's mandate. For species facing long-term threats from invasive species or climate change, restoration of natural dispersal may not be technically feasible in the foreseeable future. …

Role Of Neuronal Nadph Oxidase 1 In The Peri-Infarct Regions After Stroke, Dong-Hee Choi, Ji-Hye Kim, Kyoung-Hee Lee, Hahn-Young Kim, Yoon-Seong Kim, Wahn Soo Choi, Jongmin Lee

Faculty Bibliography 2010s

The molecular mechanism underlying the selective vulnerability of neurons to oxidative damage caused by ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury remains unknown. We sought to determine the role of NADPH oxidase 1 (Nox1) in cerebral I/R-induced brain injury and survival of newborn cells in the ischemic injured region. Male Wistar rats were subjected to 90 min middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) followed by reperfusion. After reperfusion, infarction size, level of superoxide and 8-hydroxy-20-deoxyguanosine (8-oxo-2dG), and Nox1 immunoreactivity were determined. RNAi-mediated knockdown of Nox1 was used to investigate the role of Nox1 in I/R-induced oxidative damage, neuronal death, motor function recovery, and ischemic neurogenesis. …

The Stroke Hyperglycemia Insulin Network Effort (Shine) Trial: An Adaptive Trial Design Case Study, Jason T. Connor, Kristine R. Broglio, Valerie Durkalski, William J. Meurer, Karen C. Johnston

Faculty Bibliography 2010s

Background: The 'Adaptive Designs Accelerating Promising Trials into Treatments (ADAPT-IT)' project is a collaborative effort supported by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) and United States Food & Drug Administration (FDA) to explore how adaptive clinical trial design might improve the evaluation of drugs and medical devices. ADAPT-IT uses the National Institute of Neurologic Disorders & Stroke-supported Neurological Emergencies Treatment Trials (NETT) network as a 'laboratory' in which to study the development of adaptive clinical trial designs in the confirmatory setting. The Stroke Hyperglycemia Insulin Network Effort (SHINE) trial was selected for funding by the NIH-NINDS at the start of …

Thermally Induced Collision Of Droplets In An Immiscible Outer Fluid, Ashkan Davanlou, Ranganathan Kumar

Faculty Bibliography 2010s

Micro-total analysis systems (mu TAS) have attracted wide attention and are identified as a promising solution for sample transport, filtration, chemical reactions, separation and detection. Despite their popularity, the selection of an appropriate mechanism for droplet transport and coalescence has always been a challenge. This paper investigates the use of Marangoni flow as a mechanism for levitating and transporting droplets on immiscible liquid films at higher speeds than is possible currently. For the first time, we show that it is possible to realize the natural coalescence of droplets through Marangoni effect without any external stimulation, and deliver the coalesced droplet …

Thyroxine Modifies The Effects Of Growth Hormone In Ames Dwarf Mice, Andrew Do, Vinal Menon, Xu Zhi, Adam Gesing, Denise S. Wiesebborn, Adam Spong, Liou Sun, Andrzej Bartke, Michal M. Masternak

Faculty Bibliography 2010s

Ames dwarf (df/df) mice lack growth hormone (GH), thyroid stimulating hormone and prolactin. Treatment of juvenile df/df mice with GH alone stimulates somatic growth, reduces insulin sensitivity and shortens lifespan. Early-life treatment with thyroxine (T4) alone produces modest growth stimulation but does not affect longevity. In this study, we examined the effects of treatment of juvenile Ames dwarf mice with a combination of GH + T4 and compared them to the effects of GH alone. Treatment of female and male dwarfs with GH + T4 between the ages of 2 and 8 weeks rescued somatic growth yet did not reduce …

Estimating Ecological Production From Biomass, David G. Jenkins

Faculty Bibliography 2010s

Productivity-diversity relationships (P/D) are a vital theme in ecology, but productivity is typically not measured directly in that research. Instead, biomass (B) is the most common proxy for productivity, often as a 1: 1 substitute. Unfortunately, this practice may cause error and uncertainty in P/D research, due to the fundamental difference between B and P and variable P/B ratios among and within systems. As a result, P/D research often measures a B/D relationship but interprets it as P/D. Fortunately, plausible, statistically legitimate and predictive P/B relationships can be found with careful analyses based on model selection of alternative allometric scaling …

Modeling Undetected Live Poliovirus Circulation After Apparent Interruption Of Transmission: Implications For Surveillance And Vaccination, Dominika A. Kalkowska, Radboud J. Duintjer Tebbens, Mark A. Pallanscha, Stephen L. Cochi, Steven G. F. Wassilak, Kimberly M. Thompson

Faculty Bibliography 2010s

Background: Most poliovirus infections occur with no symptoms and this leads to the possibility of silent circulation, which complicates the confirmation of global goals to permanently end poliovirus transmission. Previous simple models based on hypothetical populations assumed perfect detection of symptomatic cases and suggested the need to observe no paralytic cases from wild polioviruses (WPVs) for approximately 3-4 years to achieve 95% confidence about eradication, but the complexities in real populations and the imperfect nature of surveillance require consideration. Methods: We revisit the probability of undetected poliovirus circulation using a more comprehensive model that reflects the conditions in a number …

Prevalence Of Tobacco Use Among Women: A Cross Sectional Survey From A Squatter Settlement Of Karachi, Pakistan, Nousheen Iqbal, Muhammad Irfan, Nida Ashraf, Safia Awan, Javaid A. Khan

Section of Pulmonary & Critical Care

Background: While the prevalence of tobacco use has been slowly declining in the developed countries, rates have been steadily rising in the developing countries. This has led to a rapid rise in tobacco related lung diseases among women.

Objective: Determine the prevalence of tobacco use (both smoking and smokeless) among women in an urban squatter settlement (Orangi Town) in Karachi, Pakistan.

Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted on 19,325 females aged between 15 and 80 years in Orangi Town, an urban squatter settlement in Karachi, Pakistan. Modified questionnaire, developed by World Health Organization WHO and Global Adult …

Robert Folger Thorne—A Botanical Legacy

Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Floristic Botany

Robert F. Thorne, distinguished botanist and former curator of the herbarium at Rancho Santa Ana Botanic Garden, left a rich botanical legacy. Contributions featured include a list of his articles appearing in Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, as well a list of plant taxa named for him.