Digital Commons Network^™

Defining The Relationship Between Plasmodium Vivax Parasite Rate And Clinical Disease, Katherine E. Battle, Ewan Cameron, Carlos A. Guerra, Nick Golding, Kirsten A. Duda, Rosalind E. Howes, Iqbal R.F. Elyazar, Ric N. Price, J. Kevin Baird, Robert C. Reiner Jr., David L. Smith, Peter W. Gething, Simon I. Hay

United States Public Health Resources

Background: Though essential to the development and evaluation of national malaria control programmes, precise enumeration of the clinical illness burden of malaria in endemic countries remains challenging where local surveillance systems are incomplete. Strategies to infer annual incidence rates from parasite prevalence survey compilations have proven effective in the specific case of Plasmodium falciparum, but have yet to be developed for Plasmodium vivax. Moreover, defining the relationship between P. vivax prevalence and clinical incidence may also allow levels of endemicity to be inferred for areas where the information balance is reversed, that is, incident case numbers are more …

G6pd Deficiency At Sumba In Eastern Indonesia Is Prevalent, Diverse And Severe: Implications For Primaquine Therapy Against Relapsing Vivax Malaria, Ari Winasti Satyagraha, Arkasha Sadhewa, Vanessa Baramuli, Rosalie Elvira, Chase Ridenour, Iqbal Elyazar, Rintis Noviyanti, Farah Novita Coutrier, Alida Roswita Harahap, J. Kevin Baird

United States Public Health Resources

Safe treatment of Plasmodium vivax requires diagnosis of both the infection and status of erythrocytic glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) activity because hypnozoitocidal therapy against relapse requires primaquine, which causes a mild to severe acute hemolytic anemia in G6PD deficient patients. Many national malaria control programs recommend primaquine therapy without G6PD screening but with monitoring due to a broad lack of G6PD deficiency screening capacity. The degree of risk in doing so hinges upon the level of residual G6PD activity among the variants present in any given area. We conducted studies on Sumba Island in eastern Indonesia in order to assess the …

Noninferiority Of Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency Diagnosis By A Point-Of-Care Rapid Test Vs The Laboratory Fluorescent Spot Test Demonstrated By Copper Inhibition In Normal Human Red Blood Cells, J. Kevin Baird, Mewahyu Dewi, Decy Subekti, Iqbal Elyazar, Ari W. Satyagraha

United States Public Health Resources

Tens of millions of patients diagnosed with vivax malaria cannot safely receive primaquine therapy against repeated attacks caused by activation of dormant liver stages called hypnozoites. Most of these patients lack access to screening for glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency, a highly prevalent disorder causing serious acute hemolytic anemia with primaquine therapy. We optimized CuCl inhibition of G6PD in normal red blood cells (RBCs) to assess G6PD diagnostic technologies suited to point of care in the impoverished rural tropics. The most widely applied technology for G6PD screening—the fluorescent spot test (FST)—is impractical in that setting. We evaluated a new point-of-care G6PD …

Clinically Available Medicines Demonstrating Anti-Toxoplasma Activity, Andrew J. Neville, Sydney J. Zach, Xiaofang Wang, Joshua J. Larson, Abigail K. Judge, Lisa A. Davis, Jonathan L. Vennerstrom, Paul H. Davis

United States Public Health Resources

Toxoplasma gondii is an apicomplexan parasite of humans and other mammals, including livestock and companion animals. While chemotherapeutic regimens, including pyrimethamine and sulfadiazine regimens, ameliorate acute or recrudescent disease such as toxoplasmic encephalitis or ocular toxoplasmosis, these drugs are often toxic to the host. Moreover, no approved options are available to treat infected women who are pregnant. Lastly, no drug regimen has shown the ability to eradicate the chronic stage of infection, which is characterized by chemoresistant intracellular cysts that persist for the life of the host. In an effort to promote additional chemotherapeutic options, we now evaluate clinically available …

Styrene-Associated Health Outcomes At A Windblade Manufacturing Plant, Anna-Binney Mccague, Jean M. Cox-Ganser, Joshua M. Harney, K. Udeni Alwis, Benjamin C. Blount, Kristin J. Cummings, Nicole Edwards, Kathleen Kreiss

United States Public Health Resources

Background: Health risks of using styrene to manufacture windblades for the green energy sector are unknown.

Methods: Using data collected from 355 (73%) current windblade workers and regression analysis, we investigated associations between health outcomes and styrene exposure estimates derived from urinary styrene metabolites.

Results: The median current styrene exposure was 53.6 mg/g creatinine (interquartile range: 19.5–94.4). Color blindness in men and women (standardized morbidity ratios 2.3 and 16.6, respectively) was not associated with exposure estimates, but was the type previously reported with styrene. Visual contrast sensitivity decreased and chest tightness increased (odds ratio 2.9) with increasing current exposure. Decreases …

Trends In State/Territorial Obesity Prevalence By Race/Ethnicity Among U.S. Low-Income, Preschool-Aged Children, L. Pan, L. M. Grummer-Strawn, L. C. Mcguire, S. Park, H. M. Blanck

United States Public Health Resources

Background: Understanding state/territorial trends in obesity by race/ethnicity helps focus resources on populations at risk.

Objective: This study aimed to examine trends in obesity prevalence among low-income, preschool-aged children from 2008 through 2011 in U.S. states and territories by race/ethnicity.

Methods: We used measured weight and height records of 11.1 million children aged 2–4 years who participated in federally funded health and nutrition programmes in 40 states, the District of Columbia and two U.S. territories. We used logistic regression to examine obesity prevalence trends, controlling for age and sex.

Results: From 2008 through 2011, the aggregated obesity prevalence declined among …

Activity Attenuates Skeletal Muscle Fiber Damage After Ischemia And Reperfusion, Thomas J. Walters

United States Public Health Resources

Introduction: In this investigation we aimed to determine whether: (1) physical activity protects rat skeletal muscle from ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury; and (2) continued activity after I/R improves the rate of healing. Methods: Rats were divided into sedentary or active (voluntary wheel running) groups. Active rats ran for 4 weeks before I/R or 4 weeks before plus 4 weeks after I/R. Results: Activity before I/R resulted in 73.2% less muscle damage (Evans blue dye inclusion). Sedentary and active rats had a similar decline in neural-evoked (~99%) and directly stimulated (~70%) in vivo muscle torque, and a similar reduction in junctophilin …

Assessing Prevention Measures And Sin Nombre Hantavirus Seroprevalence Among Workers At Yosemite National Park, Jason A. Wilken, Rebecca Jackson, Barbara L. Materna, Gayle C. Windham, Barryett Enge, Sharon Messenger, Dongxiang Xia, Barbara Knust, Danielle Buttke, Rachel Roisman

United States Public Health Resources

Background During 2012, a total of 10 overnight visitors to Yosemite National Park (Yosemite) became infected with a hantavirus (Sin Nombre virus [SNV]); three died. SNV infections have been identified among persons with occupational exposure to deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus).

Methods We assessed SNV infection prevalence, work and living environments, mice exposures, and SNV prevention training, knowledge, and practices among workers of two major employers at Yosemite during September–October, 2012 by voluntary blood testing and a questionnaire.

Results One of 526 participants had evidence of previous SNV infection. Participants reported frequently observing rodent infestations at work and home and not …

Apolipoprotein E And Protection Against Hepatitis E Viral Infection In American Non-Hispanic Blacks, Lyna Zhang, Ajay Yesupriya, Man -Huei Chang, Eyasu Teshale, Chong- Gee Teo

United States Public Health Resources

Hepatitis E viral (HEV) infection imposes a heavy health burden worldwide and is common in the United States. Previous investigations of risks addressed environmental and host behavioral/ lifestyle factors, but host genetic factors have not been examined. We assessed strength of associations between antibody to HEV (anti-HEV) immunoglobulin G seropositivity indicating past or recent HEV infection and human genetic variants among three major racial/ ethnic populations in the United States, involving 2434 non-Hispanic whites, 1919 non- Hispanic blacks, and 1919 Mexican Americans from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1991-1994. We studied 497 single-nucleotide polymorphisms across 190 genes …

Tribal Water Rights: Exploring Dam Construction In Indian Country, Jerilyn Church, Chinyere O. Ekechi, Aila Hoss, Anika Jade Larson

United States Public Health Resources

Introduction – Tribal Environmental Public Health

The environment, particularly, land and water, play a powerful role in sustaining and supporting American Indian and Alaska Native communities in the United States. Not only is water essential to life and considered — by some Tribes — a sacred food in and of itself, but environmental water resources are necessary to maintain habitat for hunting and fishing. Many American Indian and Alaska Native communities incorporate locally caught traditional subsistence foods into their diets, and the loss of access to subsistence foods represents a risk factor for food security and nutrition status in indigenous …

Overview Of The National Occupational Mortality Surveillance (Noms) System: Leukemia And Acute Myocardial Infarction Risk By Industry And Occupation In 30 Us States 1985–1999, 2003–2004, And 2007, Cynthia F. Robinson, James T. Walker, Marie H. Sweeney, Rui Shen, Geoffrey M. Calvert, Pam K. Schumacher, Jun Ju, Susan Nowlin

United States Public Health Resources

Background Cancer and chronic disease are leading causes of death in the US with an estimated cost of $46 billion.

Methods We analyzed 11 million cause-specific deaths of US workers age 18–64 years in 30 states during 1985–1999, 2003–2004, and 2007 by occupation, industry, race, gender, and Hispanic origin.

Results The highest significantly elevated proportionate leukemia mortality was observed in engineers, protective service, and advertising sales manager occupations and in banks/savings &loans/credit agencies, public safety, and public administration industries. The highest significantly elevated smoking-adjusted acute myocardial infarction mortality was noted in industrial and refractory machinery mechanics, farmers, mining machine operators, …

Comparing Electronic News Media Reports Of Potential Bioterrorism-Related Incidents Involving Unknown White Powder To Reports Received By The United States Centers For Disease Control And Prevention And The Federal Bureau Of Investigation: U.S.A., 2009–2011†, Geroncio C. Fajardo, Joseph Posid, Stephen Papagiotas, Luis Lowe

United States Public Health Resources

There have been periodic electronic news media reports of potential bioterrorism-related incidents involving unknown substances (often referred to as “white powder”) since the 2001 intentional dissemination of Bacillus anthracis through the U.S. Postal System. This study reviewed the number of unknown “white powder” incidents reported online by the electronic news media and compared them with unknown “white powder” incidents reported to the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the U.S. Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) during a 2-year period from June 1, 2009 and May 31, 2011. Results identified 297 electronic news media reports, 538 CDC reports, …

Large Number Of Rebounding/Founder Hiv Variants Emerge From Multifocal Infection In Lymphatic Tissues After Treatment Interruption, Meghan K. Rothenberger, Brandon F. Keele, Stephen W. Wietgrefe, Courtney V. Fletcher, Gregory J. Beilman, Jeffrey G. Chipman, Alexander Khoruts, Jacob D. Estes, Jodi Anderson, Samuel P. Castillo, Thomas E. Schmidt, Ann Thorkelson, Cavan Reilly, Katherine Perkey, Thomas G. Reimann, Netanya S. Utay, Krystelle Ngnaou Makamdop, Mario Stevenson, Daniel C. Douek, Ashley T. Haase, Timothy W. Schacker

United States Public Health Resources

Antiretroviral therapy (ART) suppresses HIV replication in most individuals but cannot eradicate latently infected cells established before ART was initiated. Thus, infection rebounds when treatment is interrupted by reactivation of virus production from this reservoir. Currently, one or a few latently infected resting memory CD4 T cells are thought be the principal source of recrudescent infection, but this estimate is based on peripheral blood rather than lymphoid tissues (LTs), the principal sites of virus production and persistence before initiating ART. We, therefore, examined lymph node (LN) and gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) biopsies from fully suppressed subjects, interrupted therapy, monitored plasma …

Ppad Remains A Credible Candidate For Inducing Autoimmunity In Rheumatoid Arthritis: Comment On The Article By Konig Et Al, Anne-Marie Quirke, Karin Lundberg, Jan Potempa, Ted R. Mikuls, Patrick J. Venables

United States Public Health Resources

There is accumulating evidence that periodontitis is linked to rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and that this may be due to the pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis possessing a peptidyl arginine deiminase (PPAD). This apparently unique bacterial enzyme is capable of producing citrullinated bacterial or host proteins which could break tolerance leading to the generation of autoantibodies in RA.¹ We have previously shown that PPAD is autocitrullinated and there is an increased antibody response to PPAD in RA, which was due to reactions with autocitrullinated epitopes on the PPAD molecule.² We were therefore interested to read the article by Konig et al …

Scientific And Regulatory Policy Committee (Srpc) Review*: Interpretation And Use Of Cell Proliferation Data In Cancer Risk Assessment, Charles E. Wood, Renee R. Hukkanen, Radhakrishna Sura, David Jacobson-Kram, Thomas Nolte, Marielle Odin, Samuel M. Cohen

United States Public Health Resources

Increased cell proliferation is a central key event in the mode of action for many non-genotoxic carcinogens, and quantitative cell proliferation data play an important role in the cancer risk assessment of many pharmaceutical and environmental compounds. Currently, there is limited unified information on assay standards, reference values, targeted applications, study design issues, and quality control considerations for proliferation data. Here, we review issues in measuring cell proliferation indices, considerations for targeted studies, and applications within current risk assessment frameworks. As the regulatory environment moves toward more prospective evaluations based on quantitative pathway-based models, standardization of proliferation assays will become …

Bch 547.01b: Experimental Molecular, Cellular, And Chemical Biology, Jesse C. Hay

University of Montana Course Syllabi

No abstract provided.

A Systematic Review And Meta-Regression Analysis Of Lung Cancer Risk And Inorganic Arsenic In Drinking Water., Steven H. Lamm, Hamid Ferdosi, Elisabeth K. Dissen, Ji Li, Jaeil Ahn

Epidemiology Faculty Publications

High levels (> 200 µg/L) of inorganic arsenic in drinking water are known to be a cause of human lung cancer, but the evidence at lower levels is uncertain. We have sought the epidemiological studies that have examined the dose-response relationship between arsenic levels in drinking water and the risk of lung cancer over a range that includes both high and low levels of arsenic. Regression analysis, based on six studies identified from an electronic search, examined the relationship between the log of the relative risk and the log of the arsenic exposure over a range of 1-1000 µg/L. The …

Fisheries Research Report 261: Management Implications Of Climate Change Effect On Fisheries In Western Australia Part 2: Case Studies Frdc Project No. 2010/535, Nicolavito Caputi, Feng Ming, Alan Pearce, J Benthuysen, Ainslie M. Denham, Y Hetzel, R Matear, Gary Jackson, Brett W. Molony, M Lindsay, Arani N. Chandrapavan

Fisheries Research Reports

The Western Rock Lobster Panulirus cygnus (George) is taken by commercial and recreational fishers throughout its geographic range along the lower west coast of Western Australia. It is fished by three managed fisheries; West Coast Rock Lobster Managed Fishery (WCRLMF), Augusta–Windy Harbour Managed Fishery and the South Coast Crustacean Fisheries. The WCRLMF is the largest fishery encompassing most of the Western Rock Lobster’s (WRL) geographic range (Figure 1.1.1), including the most productive regions and is Australia’s largest single-species fishery worth $200–400 million annually.

Staphylococcus Aureus And The Ecology Of The Nasal Microbiome, Cindy M. Liu, Lance B. Price, Bruce A. Hungate, Alison G. Abraham, Lisbeth A. Larsen, Kaare Christensen, Marc Stegger, Robert Skov, Paal Skytt Andersen

Environmental and Occupational Health Faculty Publications

The human microbiome can play a key role in host susceptibility to pathogens, including in the nasal cavity, a site favored by Staphylococcus aureus. However, what determines our resident nasal microbiota—the host or the environment—and can interactions among nasal bacteria determine S. aureus colonization? Our study of 46 monozygotic and 43 dizygotic twin pairs revealed that nasal microbiota is an environmentally derived trait, but the host’s sex and genetics significantly influence nasal bacterial density. Although specific taxa, including lactic acid bacteria, can determine S. aureus colonization, their negative interactions depend on thresholds of absolute abundance. These findings demonstrate that …

Should We Put Our Feet In The Water? Use Of A Survey To Assess Recreational Exposures To Contaminants In The Anacostia River., Rianna Murray, Sacoby Wilson, Laura Dalemarre, Victoria Chanse, Janet Phoenix, Lori Baranoff

Health Policy and Management Faculty Publications

The Anacostia River, a tributary of the Potomac River that flows into the Chesapeake Bay, is highly contaminated with raw sewage, heavy metals, oil and grease, trash, pathogens, excessive sediments, and organic chemicals. Despite this contamination, recreation on the river is very popular, including kayaking, canoeing, rowing, and sport fishing. There is currently no information available on the potential health risks faced by recreational users from exposure to the river’s pollutants. A total of 197 recreational users of the Anacostia River were surveyed regarding general demographic information and their recreational behavior over the previous year, including frequency and duration of …

Expert Consensus Document: Mind The Gaps—Advancing Research Into Short-Term And Long-Term Neuropsychological Outcomes Of Youth Sports-Related Concussions, Aaron J. Carman, Rennie Ferguson, Robert Cantu, R. Dawn Comstock, Penny A. Dacks, Gerard A. Gioia, +20 Additional Authors

Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Faculty Publications

Sports-related concussions and repetitive subconcussive exposure are increasingly recognized as potential dangers to paediatric populations, but much remains unknown about the short-term and long-term consequences of these events, including potential cognitive impairment and risk of later-life dementia. This Expert Consensus Document is the result of a 1-day meeting convened by Safe Kids Worldwide, the Alzheimer's Drug Discovery Foundation, and the Andrews Institute for Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine. The goal is to highlight knowledge gaps and areas of critically needed research in the areas of concussion science, dementia, genetics, diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers, neuroimaging, sports injury surveillance, and information sharing. For …

Voltage-Gated Na+ Channel Activity Increases Colon Cancer Transcriptional Activity And Invasion Via Persistent Mapk Signaling, Carrie D. House, Bi-Dar Wang, Kristin Ceniccola, Russell Williams, May Simaan, Norman H. Lee, +7 Additional Authors

Pharmacology and Physiology Faculty Publications

Functional expression of voltage-gated Na⁺ channels (VGSCs) has been demonstrated in multiple cancer cell types where channel activity induces invasive activity. The signaling mechanisms by which VGSCs promote oncogenesis remain poorly understood. We explored the signal transduction process critical to VGSC-mediated invasion on the basis of reports linking channel activity to gene expression changes in excitable cells. Coincidentally, many genes transcriptionally regulated by the SCN5A isoform in colon cancer have an over-representation of cis-acting sites for transcription factors phosphorylated by ERK1/2 MAPK. We hypothesized that VGSC activity promotes MAPK activation to induce transcriptional changes in invasion-related genes. Using …

The Impact Of Kinesthetic Movement With Classroom Instruction, Emily R. (Lunemann) Smeltzer

Theses and Graduate Projects

This study explores the effects of incorporating kinesthetic movement with direct classroom instruction on a daily basis. I used student interviews to guide this study as well as monitoring students' behaviors, attitudes towards academics, and academic achievement. Quantitative data suggests that the addition of movement to instruction benefits students both behaviorally and academically. Elongating this research study would be beneficial to better study the effects of movement in the classroom setting. Through qualitative methods using interviews and observation approaches, this study investigates the impact of adding kinesthetic movement during the course of a school day with direct instruction. Students are …

The Q-Back Task: A Student-Managed Tool To Improve Reading Comprehension In Students With Low Working Memory, Chelsie Lynn Thielen

Theses and Graduate Projects

This paper focuses on developing a student-managed tool to improve reading comprehension across the curriculum in students with low working memory. Chapter One includes a summary of the issue and presents a possible solution. A review of the literature in Chapter Two explores the link research has established between working rnemory and reading comprehension, existing interventions for each, as well as indirect and direct assessments. Chapter Three describes the developed product. Chapter Four outlines the development process and proposes avenues for a pilot study and future research.

Elderspeak And Identity Subversion: A Leadership Challenge In Elder Services, Patty Lou Crawford

Theses and Graduate Projects

Using a cross-disciplinary approach, this paper provides an important connection between elderspeak and identity subversion. Elderspeak, sometimes referred to as secondary baby talk, is a modified speech pattern marked by increased volume, simplified syntax, diminutives, collective pronouns, and terms of endearment. It subverts identity by negating ltfe experience and the individuality of an elder. Research has found that elderspeak can lead to a diminished sense of self, yet it is a significant part of the speech environment for elders in institutions that are designed to provide care. For leadership in the growing field of elder services the use of elderspeak …

Wooster Magazine: Winter 2015, Karol Crosbie

Wooster Magazine: 2011-2020

The winter 2015 issue of the Wooster Magazine covers many bases. It reflects on Wooster’s past from Harold Lowry to the 21st Century, a section written by Errol K. Footlick ’56. The Wooster Volunteer Network is given the spotlight for a section. The story of Harriet Steiner Sands ’31 is told by Katherine Harper ’85. Additionally, Will Lance ’57 shares the value of a liberal education and a Q and A with John Hopkins and President Grant Cornwell discusses issues related to liberal arts and higher education. There are pieces on the College’s nursery school and Chorus.

2015 Intersession Catalog, Illinois Mathematics And Science Academy

Intersession Catalogs

The following intersession experience will be required for some students. Students will be notified of required participation prior to Intersession week. This experience will not be listed as a choice for students on the intersession request form, but is offered in the catalog for informational purposes only.

Vol. 90, No. 2 | Winter 2015, Bridgewater College

Bridgewater Magazine

The Engaged Education

Global Change And Conservation Triage On National Wildlife Refuges, Fred Johnson, Mitchell J. Eaton, Gerard Mcmahon, Raye Nilius, Michael R. Bryant, Dave Case, Julien Martin, Nathan J. Wood, Laura Taylor

United States Geological Survey: Staff Publications

National Wildlife Refuges (NWRs) in the United States play an important role in the adaptation of social-ecological systems to climate change, land-use change, and other global-change processes. Coastal refuges are already experiencing threats from sea-level rise and other change processes that are largely beyond their ability to influence, while at the same time facing tighter budgets and reduced staff. We engaged in workshops with NWR managers along the U.S. Atlantic coast to understand the problems they face from global-change processes and began a multidisciplinary collaboration to use decision science to help address them. We are applying a values-focused approach to …

A Protective Role Of Autophagy In A Drosophila Model Of Friedreich's Ataxia (Frda), Luan Wang

Wayne State University Dissertations

Friedreich’s ataxia (FRDA) is an inherited autosomal recessive neurodegenerative disease. It affects 1 in every 50,000 people in central Europe and North America. FRDA is caused by deficiency of Frataxin, an essential mitochondrial iron chaperone protein, and the associated oxidative stress damages. Autophagy, a housekeeping process responsible for the bulk degradation and turnover of long half-life proteins and organelles, is featured by the formation of double-membrane vacuoles and lysosomal degradation. Previous researches indicate that Danon’s disease, the inherited neural disorder disease that shares similar symptoms with FRDA, is due to the malfunction of autophagy. Based on this, we raise the …