Digital Commons Network^™

Comparison Of Pulping And Bleaching Behaviors Of Some Agricultural Residues, Sai̇m Ateş, İlhan Deni̇z, Hüseyi̇n Kirci, Celi̇l Ati̇k, Onur Tolga Okan

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

The present study determines the characteristics of bleaching and beating of annual plants and agricultural waste, which constitute important raw material potential for the pulp and paper industry in Turkey. It also examines the effects of this process on several paper properties. Firstly, chemical contents are determined for each raw material and then evaluated for use in the pulp and paper industry. All raw materials studied are found to be suitable for use in the pulp and paper industry, according to the determined chemical content. Secondly, pulp with different properties is obtained and subsequently pretreated with the enzyme xylanase. It …

Stand Productivity, Carbon Content, And Soil Nutrients In Different Stand Ages Of Acacia Mangium In Sarawak, Malaysia, King Ling Lee, Kian Huat Ong, Patricia Jie Hung King, John Keen Chubo, Dennis Shan An Su

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

Land degradation and declining soil fertility challenge the productivity of forest plantations. Changes in soil properties could act as indicators for monitoring forest plantation management and productivity. This study highlights changes in soil properties and stand productivity over time (1, 3, and 5 years) in an Acacia mangium plantation in Bintulu, Sarawak, Malaysia. Soil pH, total N concentration, and available P were found to decline significantly with stand age. Significant differences were observed between soil organic C for different stand ages, with the youngest stand showing the highest C. The study showed that the current A. mangium plantation was able …

Molecular Cloning Of Bnzep And Its Expression In Petals Of Different Colors Inbrassica Napus L., Jun Jiang, Lushen Tian, Shixing Guo, Qingqing Yu, Dezhi Zeng, Yingze Niu

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

C?????arotenoids are a class of pigment elements present in photosynthetic organisms. T??he transcripts of specific carotenoid biosynthetic genes are probably important for the formation of different colors of flower petals. Zeaxanthin epoxidase (ZEP) enzyme activity is important for the high content of carotenoids in petals. In the present study, the zeaxanthin epoxidase gene in Brassica napus L. (BnZEP) was cloned and bioinformatically analyzed. The expression levels of the BnZEP gene in different plant organs and petals of different colors were investigated and compared in B. Napus. The results showed that the full-length cDNA sequence of BnZEP was 2228 bp, containing …

Genetic Diversity And Chemical Characterization Of Selected Polish And Russian Cultivars And Clones Of Blue Honeysuckle (Lonicera Caerulea), Elzbieta Kaczmarska, Jacek Gawronski, Magdalena Dyduch-Sieminska, Agnieszka Najda, Wojciech Marecki, Jadwiga Zebrowska

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

In traditional medicine, Lonicera caerulea has a notable place, and it has been used for thousands of years in East Asian countries for treating cancer, inflammation, hepatic complications, influenza, and wounds. However, the molecular and chemical characterization of this plant is not well defined. In this study, inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers were used to determine the genetic variability of 7 blue honeysuckle cultivars and 3 clones. To characterize these 10 accessions, total flavonoids, phenolic acids contents, and antioxidant activities were estimated. Twelve primers generated 101 polymorphic ISSR-polymerase chain reaction bands. Based on the ISSR amplification profiles, a cluster dendrogram …

Cytoplasmic-Nuclear Variation In A Diversity-Fixed Foundation Set Ofbrassica Juncea (L.) Czern & Coss., Javed Akhatar, Nitin Kumar, Chhaya Atri, Surinder Singh Banga

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

A core subset of genetically fixed lines was selected through stratified sampling to represent the allelic variations within Brassica juncea gene pools. It included germplasm accessions from India, China, and Australia, as well as B. Juncea introgression lines carrying alien genetic variation and/or cytoplasm from wild crucifers, namely Diplotaxis cardaminoides, Diplotaxis tenuisiliqua, and Erucastrum abyssinicum. The aim of the study was to infer the influence of underlying cytoplasm on population structure and trait variation. Molecular characterization using nuclear SSR markers (158) and chloroplast SSR markers (9) revealed interesting germplasm patterns and trait variations. Diversity groups obtained using distance-based clustering were …

Partial Characterization And Development Of Sensitive And Reliablediagnostic For The Detection Of Cucumber Mosaic Virus, Shahanavaj Khan

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

A survey on Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) was conducted on 21 banana orchards in three bananas producing states: Karnataka, Maharashtra, and Uttar Pradesh. Sampling was done during winter and autumn and all samples were initially examined for the presence of CMV using DAS-ELISA. Out of 300 tested samples, the presence of CMV was observed in 13. The lowest rate of infection was determined in Uttar Pradesh followed by Maharashtra, while high infections were observed in samples from Karnataka. Three CMV infected samples represented in each state were amplified through RT-PCR using the movement protein (MP) gene specific primers and cloned …

Transcriptome Characterization And Large-Scale Identification Of Ssr/Snpmarkers In Symbiotic Nitrogen Fixation Crop Faba Bean (Vicia Faba L.), Sundan Suresh, Tae-Sung Kim, Sebastin Raveendar, Joon-Hyeong Cho, Jung Yoon Yi, Myung Chul Lee, Sok-Young Lee, Hyung-Jin Baek, Gyu-Taek Cho, Jong Wook Chung

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

We used 454 sequencing technology for faba bean transcriptome, which yielded 29.61 Mb sequence data. A total of 81,333 raw sequence reads were obtained and assembled by de novo sequence assembly. The contig distributions in three nonmutually exclusive gene ontology classifications and clusters of orthologous gene classes were assigned, which were also used to identify genes related to nitrogen fixation. Furthermore, a set of 1729 reads with simple sequence repeat (SSR) motifs were identified. Subsets of 55 SSR primer pairs were selected to validate SSR marker assay. Fifty-five primer pairs were used to amplify from one or more of the …

Identification Of Expressed Resistance Gene Analog Sequences In Coconut Leaf Transcriptome And Their Evolutionary Analysis, Muliyar Krishna Rajesh, Kaitheri Edathil Rachana, Sudalaimuthu Asari Naganeeswaran, Rahman Shafeeq, Regi Jacob Thomas, Mohammed Shareefa, Babu Merin, Karun Anitha

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

Coconut, an important crop of the tropics and subtropics, is susceptible to a variety of diseases and enhancing disease resistance has been the major goal of coconut breeding programs all over the world. Information on the presence and distribution of disease resistance ® genes, which play a primary role in the detection of pathogens and the initiation of specific plant defenses, is scarce in coconut. In this study, RNA-Seq was used to generate the transcriptome of leaf samples of coconut root (wilt) disease-resistant cultivar Chowghat Green Dwarf. Comprehensive bioinformatics analysis identified 243 resistance gene analog (RGA) sequences, comprising 6 classes …

Sources Of Genetic Resistance In Maize To Fusarium Stalk Rot Andtheir Variations At Molecular Level, Sajjad Hussain Qureshi, Abdul Qayyum, Will Fiers

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

Identifying the resistant genotypes is one of the vital strategies to control Fusarium stalk rot disease in maize. Fifty accessions of maize germplasm were evaluated for resistance to stalk rot caused by Fusarium verticillioides at the Maize and Millet Research Institute, Yousafwala, Pakistan, during the spring and autumn of 2010, and their genetic variations were also studied at the molecular level to avoid environmental effects in the Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Minnesota, USA. Disease severity was calculated in the field using a severity scale (SS) and direct estimation of stalk discoloration (SD) by artificial inoculation method. Both SS …

Study On The Expression Of Dehydrin Genes And Activities Of Antioxidativeenzymes In Floral Buds Of Two Sand Pear (Pyrus Pyrifolia Nakai) Cultivarsrequiring Different Chilling Hours For Bud Break, Sayed Hussain, Guoqin Liu, Dongfen Liu, Maqsood Ahmed, Nazim Hussain, Yuanwen Teng

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

No abstract provided.

Genetic Diversity And Population Structure Of Common Bean (Phaseolus Vulgaris L.) Accessions Through Retrotransposon-Based Interprimer Binding Sites (Ipbss) Markers, Seda Nemli̇, Tala Kianoosh, Muhammed Bahatti̇n Tanyolaç

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

The common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is an important crop throughout the world and is highly recommended for many developing countries due to its nutritional components. A retrotransposon-based DNA marker system, interprimer binding sites (iPBSs), developed from reverse transcriptase primer binding sites, was used to determine genetic diversity in common bean accessions. The genetic polymorphism and effectiveness of the marker system were evaluated. A total of 180 polymorphic bands were detected using 47 iPBS primers among 67 common bean accessions, with an average of 4 polymorphic fragments per primer. The genetic similarity between accessions was calculated using the software NTSYS-pc …

Responses Of Apple Tree Cultivars To Drought: Carbohydrate Composition In The Leaves, Eszter Nemeskéri, Eszter Kovács-Nagy, József Nyéki, Éva Sárdi

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

No abstract provided.

Assessing The Impact Of Azadirachtin Application To Soil On Ureaseactivity And Its Kinetic Parameters, Ridvan Kizilkaya, Iraida Samofalova, Natalya Mudrykh, Fari̇z Mi̇kai̇lsoy, İzzet Akça, Svetlana Sushkova, Tatiana Minkina

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

No abstract provided.

Seasonal Variation In Amino Acid And Phenolic Compound Profiles Of Three Turkish White Wine Grapes, Mustafa Ümi̇t Ünal, Aysun Şener, Kemal Şen, Murat Yilmazteki̇n

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

No abstract provided.

Yield, Quality, And Growing Degree Days Of Anise (Pimpinella Anisum L.)Under Different Agronomic Practices, Ni̇met Kara

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

No abstract provided.

My Blood Of The (New) Covenant: An Assessment Of René Girard's Soteriology In Light Of The Covenantal Milieu Of The Last Supper Sayings, Benjamin Burkholder

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

This study assesses René Girard's claims regarding the Gospels' understanding of Jesus' death. Though Girard contends that the Gospels never depict Jesus' death as an atonement for sin, there are significant passages that Girard avoids discussing like the Last Supper sayings in the Synoptic Gospels. This dissertation investigates whether these central passages, along with other supporting texts in the Synoptics, jeopardize the viability of Girard's assertions, especially when they are read in light of restoration theology.

The core components of Girard's thought, his reading of salvation history, and the ways in which Girard's followers have adapted his thought are adumbrated …

Status Of The World’S Baleen Whales, Peter O. Thomas, Randall R. Reeves, Robert L. Brownell Jr.

United States Department of Commerce: Staff Publications

No global synthesis of the status of baleen whales has been published since the 2008 IUCN Red List assessments. Many populations remain at low numbers from historical commercial whaling, which had ceased for all but a few by 1989. Fishing gear entanglement and ship strikes are the most severe current threats. The acute and long-term effects of anthropogenic noise and the cumulative effects of multiple stressors are of concern but poorly understood. The looming consequences of climate change and ocean acidification remain difficult to characterize. North Atlantic and North Pacific right whales are among the species listed as Endangered. Southern …

Dynamics Of Virus Shedding And In Situ Confirmation Of Chelonid Herpesvirus 5 In Hawaiian Green Turtles With Fibropapillomatosis, T. M. Work, J. Dagenais, G. H. Balazs, N. Schettle, M. Ackermann

United States Department of Commerce: Staff Publications

Cancers in humans and animals can be caused by viruses, but virus-induced tumors are considered to be poor sites for replication of intact virions (lytic replication). Fibropapillomatosis (FP) is a neoplastic disease associated with a herpesvirus, chelonid herpesvirus 5 (ChHV5), that affects green turtles globally. ChHV5 probably replicates in epidermal cells of tumors, because epidermal intranuclear inclusions (EIIs) contain herpesvirus-like particles. However, although EIIs are a sign of herpesvirus replication, they have not yet been firmly linked to ChHV5. Moreover, the dynamics of viral shedding in turtles are unknown, and there are no serological reagents to confirm actual presence of …

Investing In Prospective Cohorts For Etiologic Study Of Occupational Exposures, A Blair, C J. Hines, K W. Thomas, Mcr Alavaja, L E. Beane Freeman, J A. Hoppin, F Kamel, C F. Lynch, J H. Lubin, D T. Sliverman, E Whelan, S H. Zahm, D P. Sandler

United States Environmental Protection Agency: Publications

Prospective cohorts have played a major role in understanding the contribution of diet, physical activity,medical conditions, and genes to the development ofmany diseases, but have not been widely used for occupational exposures. Studies in agriculture are an exception. We draw upon ourexperience using this design to study agriculturalworkers to identify conditions that might foster use of prospective cohorts to study other occupational settings. Prospective cohort studies are perceived by many as the strongest epidemiologic design. It allows updating of information on exposure and other factors, collection of biologic samples before disease diagnosis for biomarker studies, assessment of effect modification by …

Effects Of Temperature, Salinity And Seed Age On Induction Of Zostera Japonica Germination In North America, Usa, James E. Kaldy, Deborah J. Shafer, M. Stephen Ailstock, A. Dale Magoun

United States Environmental Protection Agency: Publications

Seagrasses can colonize unstructured mudflats either through clonal growth or seed germination and survival. Zostera japonicais an introduced seagrass in North America that has rapidly colonized mudflats along the Pacific Coast, leading to active management of the species. Growth and physiology have been evaluated; however, there is little information about the factors influencing seed germination. We examined the effects of storage and induction temperature (10, 15, 20°C) and salinity (0, 10, 20, 30), and storage period (1.5 and 26 months) on germination of seeds of the seagrass Z. japonicacollected from Yaquina Bay, Oregon, USA. Seed germination at 15 …

Training Conservation Practitioners To Be Better Decision Makers, Fred Johnson, Mitchell J. Eaton, James H. Williams, Gitte H. Jensen, Jesper Madsen

United States Geological Survey: Staff Publications

Traditional conservation curricula and training typically emphasizes only one part of systematic decision making (i.e., the science), at the expense of preparing conservation practitioners with critical skills in values-setting, working with decision makers and stakeholders, and effective problem framing. In this article we describe how the application of decision science is relevant to conservation problems and suggest how current and future conservation practitioners can be trained to be better decision makers. Though decision-analytic approaches vary considerably, they all involve: (1) properly formulating the decision problem; (2) specifying feasible alternative actions; and (3) selecting criteria for evaluating potential outcomes. Two approaches …

Phosphorus Retention In A Lowland Neotropical Stream Following An Eight-Year Enrichment Experiment, Gaston E. Small, Marcelo Ardón, John H. Duff, Alan P. Jackman, Alonso Ramírez, Frank J. Triska, Catherine M. Pringle

United States Geological Survey: Staff Publications

Human alteration of the global P cycle has led to widespread P loading in freshwater ecosystems. Much research has been devoted to the capacity of wetlands and lakes to serve as long-term sinks for P inputs from the watershed, but we know much less about the potential of headwater streams to serve in this role. We assessed storage and retention of P in biotic and abiotic compartments after an 8-y experimental P addition to a 1st-order stream in a Neotropical wet forest. Sediment P extractions indicated that nearly all P storage was in the form of Fe- and Al-bound P …

Expression Of Glutamine Transporter Isoforms In Cerebral Cortex Of Rats With Chronic Hepatic Encephalopathy, Renata Leke, Thayssa D.C. Escobar, Kakulavarapu V. Rama Rao, Themis Reverbel Silveira, Michael D. Norenberg, Arne Schousboe

United States Department of Veterans Affairs: Publications

Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is a neuropsychiatric disorder that occurs due to acute and chronic liver diseases, the hallmark of which is the increased levels of ammonia and subsequent alterations in glutamine synthesis, i.e. conditions associated with the pathophysiology of HE. Under physiological conditions, glutamine is fundamental for replenishment of the neurotransmitter pools of glutamate and GABA. The different isoforms of glutamine transporters play an important role in the transfer of this amino acid between astrocytes and neurons. A disturbance in the GABA biosynthetic pathways has been described in bile duct ligated (BDL) rats, a well characterized model of chronic HE. …

Test 2126a: New Holland T8.435, Nebraska Tractor Test Lab

Nebraska Tractor Tests

ABOUT THE TEST REPORT AND USE OF THE DATA The test data contained in this report are a tabulation of the results of a series of tests. Due to the restricted format of these pages, only a limited amount of data and not all of the tractor specifications are included. The full OECD report contains usually about 30 pages of data and specifications. The test data were obtained for each tractor under similar conditions and therefore, provide a means of comparison of performance based on a limited set of reported data. EXPLANATION OF THE TEST PROCEDURES Purpose The purpose of …

Aquatic Pollution Increases Use Of Terrestrial Prey Subsidies By Stream Fish, Johanna M. Kraus, Justin F. Pomeranz, Andrew S. Todd, David M. Walters, Travis S. Schmidt, Richard B. Wanty

United States Geological Survey: Staff Publications

1. Stream food webs are connected with their riparian zones through cross-ecosystem movements of energy and nutrients. The use and impact of terrestrial subsidies on aquatic consumers is often determined by in situ biomass of aquatic prey. Thus, stressors such as aquatic pollutants that greatly reduce aquatic secondary production could increase the need for and reliance of stream consumers on terrestrial resource subsidies.

2. To test this hypothesis, we surveyed stream fish, their diets, and resource availability in 16 subalpine streams over a regional gradient of trace metals known to strongly impact aquatic insect communities (i.e. fish prey) in …

Bioaccumulation Of Stentorin, The Probable Causative Agent For Discolored (“Purple”) Eggs And Ovaries In Blue Catfish (Ictalurus Furcatus) From Eufaula Lake, Oklahoma, Usa, Robert W. Gale, Diana M. Papoulias, Christopher J. Schmitt

United States Geological Survey: Staff Publications

Observations of reddish to “purple” discolored eggs in the ovaries of adult female blue catfish (Ictalurus furcatus) from the northern arm of Eufaula Lake, a eutrophic multiuse impoundment in east-central Oklahoma, were first reported in 2006. Blue catfish eggs are normally cream to light yellow. Reports peaked in 2007−2008 and declined through 2009−2010; purple eggs have not been reported between 2010 and 2014. In the laboratory, all tissues and fluids of affected fish were strongly orange-red fluorescent under UV illumination, with the fluorescence most apparent in the lipid-rich ovaries and eggs. The causative agent was isolated chromatographically and confirmed by …

Investigating Endocrine And Physiological Parameters Of Captive American Kestrels Exposed By Diet To Selected Organophosphate Flame Retardants, Kimberly J. Fernie, Vince Palace, Lisa E. Peters, Nil Basu, Robert J. Letcher, Natalie K. Karouna-Renier, Sandra L. Schultz, Rebecca S. Lazarus, Barnett A. Rattner

United States Geological Survey: Staff Publications

Organophosphate triesters are high production volume

additive flame retardants (OPFRs) and plasticizers. Shown to accumulate

in abiotic and biotic environmental compartments, little is known about the

risks they pose. Captive adult male American kestrels (Falco sparverius) were

fed the same dose (22 ng OPFR/g kestrel/d) daily (21 d) of tris(2-

butoxyethyl) phosphate (TBOEP), tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP),

tris(2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate (TCIPP), or tris(1,2-dichloro-2-propyl)

phosphate (TDCIPP). Concentrations were undetected in tissues (renal,

hepatic), suggesting rapid metabolism. There were no changes in glutathione

status, indicators of hepatic oxidative status, or the cholinergic system (i.e.,

cerebrum, plasma cholinesterases; cerebrum muscarinic, nicotinic receptors).

Modest …

Use Of Terrestrial Field Studies In The Derivation Of Bioaccumulation Potential Of Chemicals, Nico W. Van Den Brink, Jennifer A. Arblaster, Sarah R. Bowman, Jason M. Conder, John E. Elliott, Mark S. Johnson, Derek C.G. Muir, Tiago Natal-Da-Luz, Barnett A. Rattner, Bradley E. Sample, Richard F. Shore

United States Geological Survey: Staff Publications

Field-based studies are an essential component of research addressing the behavior of organic chemicals, and a unique line of evidence that can be used to assess bioaccumulation potential in chemical registration programs and aid in development of associated laboratory and modeling efforts. To aid scientific and regulatory discourse on the application of terrestrial field data in this manner, this article provides practical recommendations regarding the generation and interpretation of terrestrial field data. Currently, biota-to-soil-accumulation factors (BSAFs), biomagnification factors (BMFs), and bioaccumulation factors (BAFs) are the most suitable bioaccumulation metrics that are applicable to bioaccumulation assessment evaluations and able to be …

Estimating Relative Sea-Level Rise And Submergence Potential At A Coastal Wetland, Donald R. Cahoon

United States Geological Survey: Staff Publications

A tide gauge records a combined signal of the vertical change (positive or negative) in the level of both the sea and the land to which the gauge is affixed; or relative sealevel change, which is typically referred to as relative sea-level rise (RSLR). Complicating this situation, coastal wetlands exhibit dynamic surface elevation change (both positive and negative), as revealed by surface elevation table (SET) measurements, that is not recorded at tide gauges. Because the usefulness of RSLR is in the ability to tie the change in sea level to the local topography, it is important that RSLR be calculated …

Photophoretictrapping-Raman Spectroscopy For Single Pollens And Fungal Spores Trapped In Air, Chuji Wang, Yong-Le Pan, Steven C. Hill, Brandon Redding

United States Army: Publications

Photophoretic trapping-Raman spectroscopy (PTRS) is a new technique for measuring Raman spectra of particles that are held in air using photophoretic forces. It was initially demonstrated with Raman spectra of stro ly-absorbing carbon nanoparticles (Pan et al. [44] (Opt Express 2012 )). In the present paper we report the first demonstration of the use ofPTRS to measure Raman spectra of absorbing and weakly-absorbing bioaerosol particles (pollens and spores ). Raman spectra of three pollens and one smut spore in a size range of 6.2- 41.8 11m illuminated at 488 nm are shown. Quality spectra were obtained in the Raman s …