Digital Commons Network^™

How Can We Build A Moral Robot?, Kristen E. Clark

Capstones

Artificial intelligence is already starting to drive our cars and make choices that affect the world economy. One day soon, we’ll have robots that can take care of our sick and elderly, and even rescue us in rescue us in emergencies. But as robots start to make decisions that matter—it’s raising questions that go far beyond engineering. We’re stating to think about ethics.

Bertram Malle and Matthias Scheutz are part of a team funded by the department of defense. It's their job to answer a question that seems straight out of a sci-fi novel: How can we build a moral …

Neurologists Look At Causes Of Baffling Brain Condition, Maggie Freleng

Capstones

It can be hard getting help for someone with mental illness, but almost impossible when that person doesn't think they are sick. At at least half of people with schizophrenia, for example, insist that the voices they hear are real. People who do not know they are ill often refuse therapy and medication -- and their symptoms can spiral out of control. Doctors call this lack of awareness anosognosia. Neurologists are trying to discover what causes this baffling condition--and how to treat it.

You're Only As Good As You Do In School: Asian American Students And The Mental Risks They Face In Higher Education, Asia C. Ewart

Capstones

Anne Cai always joked that, “one of these days,” school was going to drive her to insanity. A snapshot of her life begged to differ. As the oldest of three daughters in her traditional Chinese­ American family, Anne, 23, was the image of success and achievement, not only for her parents and their peers, but for her sisters Jenny, 19, and Vicky, 13. She excelled in elementary, middle and at all three of her high schools—the high school moves were decided by her parents and she never questioned them, lest she burden the family with what she considered complaining.

Criminal Procedures And Sanctions Against Seafarers After Large-Scale Ship-Source Oil Pollution Accidents : A Human Rights Perspective, Anete Logina

World Maritime University Dissertations

The international maritime community is highly concerned about the unfair application of criminal procedures and sanctions against seafarers, particularly after large-scale ship-source oil pollution accidents, because such unfairness may cause severe negative consequences for individual seafarers and the shipping sector in broader terms. A lot of work has already been done towards the elimination of the respective unfairness. Yet, the unfair practice continues. This dissertation attempts to give new ideas as to how to facilitate the fair application of criminal procedures and sanctions against seafarers after large-scale ship-source oil pollution accidents.

The dissertation starts with the clear definition and comprehensive …

Pengaruh Pendidikan Karakter Keagamaan Dan Otoritas Atasan Untuk Berbuat Curang Terhadap Perilaku Tidak Etis Akuntan, Hafiez Sofyani, Nadia Rahma

Jurnal Akuntansi dan Keuangan Indonesia

The purpose of this study is to examine the influence of the religious character education, supervisor authority to cheat and the interaction of these factors toward unethical behavior of accountants in financial reporting. This study used experiment approach i.e. 2x2 factorial between subjects. These results reveal that when there is a superior authority to cheat, the subject will tend to cheat in making financial statements (unethical). Furthermore, subjects who received religious character education will tend to behave ethically in making financial reports. The results also indicate that the religious character education has ability to mitigate the urge to do unethical …

Keahlian Auditor Dan Turnover Intention Sebagai Mediasi Determinan Kinerja Auditor, Ceacilia Srimindarti, Pancawati Hardiningsih, Rachmawati Meita Oktaviani

Jurnal Akuntansi dan Keuangan Indonesia

This research aims to examine the effect of locus of control and organizational commitment on auditors’ performance as well as to examine whether auditors’ expertise and turnover intention mediate the effect of locus of control and organizational commitment on auditors’ performance. Samples of this study were auditors who worked at audit firms in Semarang. Samples were selected using the purposive sampling method. The data were analyzed using SEM with AMOS program. This study found that locus of control had a negative effect on auditors’ performance, organizational commitment had a positive effect on auditors’ performance, and auditors’ expertise and turnover intention …

Proposing An Integrative-Progressive Model In Handling Troubled Indonesian Overseas Workers In The Transit Area (A Socio-Legal Research In Tanjung Pinang City, Kepulauan Riau Province), Rina Shahriyani Shahrullah, Elza Syarief

Indonesia Law Review

Tanjung Pinang City of the Riau Islands Province (Provinsi Kepulauan Riau) is a transit area for the troubled Indonesian overseas workers from Singapore and Malaysia. The Indonesian National Board for the Placement and Protection of Indonesian Workers (Badan Nasional Penempatan dan Perlindungan Tenaga Kerja Indonesia/BNP2TKI) reported that 15,105 troubled Indonesian overseas workers were deported from January to November 2014 via Tanjung Pinang City. Previous research revealed that citizens of Tanjung Pinang City criticized the treatments given by the local government to the deported workers by reason that they were not the citizens of the Riau Islands Province, yet the local …

The Politics Of Official English: Exploring The Intentions And The Outcomes Behind English-Only Policies In The United States, David Gonzalez Nieto

Graduate Doctoral Dissertations

Although the Constitution did not declare English the official language of the United States, its complete linguistic dominance in such a linguistically diverse nation is unparalleled. Despite its supremacy, the last three decades have witnessed a renewed nationalistic movement that claims the role of English is threatened and that its establishment as the official language of the United States is crucial to protect the language and the unity of the nation.

So far, attempts to institutionalize English at the federal level have failed, but 28 states have adopted English as their official language and/or legislation that limits the use of …

Social Support Status In Informal Caregivers Of Stroke Patients, Yanyuh Lee, Yeehwa Wu, Ihsuan Chen, Kuchou Chang, Yuching Huang, Jenwen Hung

Rehabilitation Practice and Science

Objective: Informal caregivers play an important role in post-stroke care. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the social support status over an 18-month duration; the relationship between health status and social support level; and the predictors of low social support status in informal caregivers of stroke patients. Methods: We recruited eligible inpatients with first-ever ischemic stroke and their informal caregivers from a tertiary referral teaching hospital. The social support rating scale (SSRS) of the caregivers was determined at 3, 16, and 18 months after stroke onset. Beck depression inventory (BDI) as well as the physical and mental composite …

The Utility Of The Perceived Environmental Barriers In Community For The Community-Dwelling Elderly In Taiwan, Weichih Lien, Tashen Kuan, Jerhao Chang, Naiwen Guo

Rehabilitation Practice and Science

Background and Purpose: The purpose of this study was to find out the cut-off point of the Perceived Environmental Barriers in Community according to basic activity of daily living (BADL) and instrumental activity of daily living (IADL) independence in community-dwelling elderly in Taiwan. Methods: In this study, 200 community-dwelling elderly were sampled and administered with the Perceived Environmental Barriers in Community and Hierarchy of the Care Required (HCR). Receiver operating characteristic curves were used to find out the cut-off points of the Perceived Environmental Barriers in Community. Results: We found that the Physical/Structural domain and total score of the Perceived …

Reparation For Betrayal Of Trust In Child Sexual Abuse Cases: The Christian Duty Of Care, Vicarious Liability And The Church Of England, Ka Stevenson, J Rowbotham, J Lowther

School of Law, Humanities and Social Sciences

Feminist challenges to the traditional principles of vicarious liability highlight the difficulties facing claimants seeking redress via a doctrine largely developed in relation to the corporate model reflecting masculine traits of institutional power and control embedded in the traditional enterprise employer/employee relationship. This article explores the ways in which the recent spate of claims made against UK religious authorities regarding present and historic acts of child sexual abuse perpetrated by clergy have forced a paradigm shift requiring the courts to consider influences on the legal process associated with tropes of restorative justice, powerfully supported and explained by feminist legal theorists. …

An Application Of Accimap To Identify And Analyse The Causes Of The Eastern Star And Sewol Casualties, Yanning Jiang

World Maritime University Dissertations

No abstract provided.

The Ferguson V. Jonah Verdict And A Path Towards National Cessation Of Gay-To-Straight "Conversion Therapy", Peter R. Dubrowski

NULR Online

In the essay, Dubrowski analyzes Ferguson v. JONAH, a landmark 2015 decision in which a New Jersey court held --- for the first time --- that homosexuality is not a disease or mental disorder as a matter of law. Based on this pretrial ruling, a civil jury unanimously found JONAH (a conversion therapy clinic) its co-directors and its chief counselor liable for violation of New Jersey's Consumer Fraud Act. Dubrowski begins by explaining the two-pronged fraud JONAH perpetrated—first, claiming that homosexuality is a disorder, and second, that it can be cured—and continues by arguing that this two-pronged fraud is …

More Than A Zip Code: Addressing Home Factors Influencing Kindergarten Readiness Levels, Julie Baker Finck Ph. D., Allison Shea

Journal of Family Strengths

Families and primary caregivers play an important role in developing essential emergent literacy skills of children from birth so that they are ready for kindergarten and have a strong foundation for future academic success. This article explores factors that influence the emergent literacy development process and offers strategies to boost school readiness levels and literacy rates among children.

"What Is Essential Is Invisible To The Eye": Culturally Responsive Teaching As A Key To Unlocking Children's Multiple Literacies, Shanna Peeples

Journal of Family Strengths

Refugee students, language learners, and students in poverty are often viewed through a deficit model of everything they do not have in the way of school preparedness. However, many of them are survivors who possess courage and resilience. They also possess exceptional visual literacy developed through experiences with video and other images. Leveraging their visual literacy builds a bridge to help them understand text, which in turn helps them understand how literature reflects all of our experiences. Increased textual literacy helps students engage with vexing human questions. These questions form an inquiry base from which students can approach writing as …

Promoting Health Literacy For People With Disabilities And Clinicians Through A Teamwork Model, David W. Hollar Jr., Jennifer Rowland

Journal of Family Strengths

Current health literacy programs for people with disabilities lack clear operational definitions, rely on inconsistent health literacy statistics, and tend to follow a medical model approach that often fallaciously assumes people with disabilities have limited health knowledge. The central issue in addressing and improving health literacy among people with disabilities is to focus on clear and effective health communication among health care team members, including people with disabilities, which can ultimately improve this population’s health outcomes. Our proposed teamwork model builds upon the World Health Organization’s International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) biopsychosocial model, decision-making theory, and health …

Association Between Depression And Aggression In Rural Women, Laetitia Meyrueix, Gabriel Durham, Jasmine Miller, K. Bryant Smalley Phd, Psyd, Jacob C. Warren Phd

Journal of Health Disparities Research and Practice

Rural women represent approximately 20% of women living in the United States, yet research on the specific mental health needs of rural women is limited. Given the well-recognized gender-linked disparity in depression, its correlated symptoms in women still need much investigation. While emerging notions of depression in men embrace potential symptoms related to irritability and aggression, less research has focused on the potential role of aggression in depressed women. This connection may be particularly relevant for rural women who face unique mental health stressors in comparison to their urban counterparts. The purpose of this study was to examine if aggression …

Attitudes Toward Breast Cancer Genetic Testing In Five Special Population Groups, Amelie G. Ramirez, Patricia Chalela, Kipling J. Gallion, Edgar Muñoz, Alan E. Holden, Linda Burhansstipanov, Selina A. Smith, Evaon Wong-Kim, Stephen W. Wyatt, Lucina Suarez

Journal of Health Disparities Research and Practice

Purpose: This study examined interest in and attitudes toward genetic testing in 5 different population groups.

Methods: The survey included African American, Asian American, Latina, Native American, and Appalachian women with varying familial histories of breast cancer. A total of 49 women were interviewed in person. Descriptive and nonparametric statistical techniques were used to assess ethnic group differences.

Results: Overall, interest in testing was high. All groups endorsed more benefits than risks. There were group differences regarding endorsement of specific benefits and risks: testing to “follow doctor recommendations” (p=0.017), “concern for effects on family” (p=0.044), “distrust of modern medicine” (p=0.036), …

Hawai‘I’S Caring Communities Initiative: Mobilizing Rural And Ethnic Minority Communities For Youth Suicide Prevention, Jane J. Chung-Do, Deborah A. Goebert, Kris Bifulco, Tasha Tydingco, Antonia Alvarez, Davis Rehuher, Jeanelle Sugimoto-Matsuda, Bridget Arume, Pohai Wilcox

Journal of Health Disparities Research and Practice

Youth suicide is a serious, yet preventable, public health concern for ethnic minorities and rural communities. This paper describes the youth leadership model utilized by Hawai‘i’s Caring Communities Initiative (HCCI) and provides reflections on the important factors for success in implementing a youth and community advocacy project for youth suicide prevention. HCCI partnered with six youth and community organizations who serve ethnic minority and rural communities across the State of Hawai‘i to train youth leaders and community members in suicide prevention, in order to develop community awareness activities that are grounded in each community’s strengths and needs. The work of …

Racial Disparities In The Association Between Stress And Preterm Birth, Saba W. Masho, Sarah Kye Price, Patricia Anne Kinser, Nancy Jallo

Journal of Health Disparities Research and Practice

Background: High levels of maternal stress have been linked to preterm births. However, findings from previous studies are inconsistent due to the varied use of stress measures. This study examined the effect of maternal stress on preterm birth, using both psychosocial and physiological measures.

Methods: This study was conducted among 231 pregnant women enrolled during their first prenatal care visit. Presence of stress was assessed at enrollment using the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) and Stressful Life Events Inventory (SLEI). Samples of maternal salivary cortisol were obtained during the first trimester and birth outcomes were ascertained at delivery. Multiple …

"There’S More To Us Than This:" A Qualitative Study Of Black Young Adults’ Perceptions Of Media Portrayals Of Hiv, Maya Corneille, Anna Lee, Roseina Britton, Judith C. Barker

Journal of Health Disparities Research and Practice

The extent to which the targeted group attends to and is engaged by HIV/STI prevention messages is one component of effective health communication. Through an empirical examination of the cumulative perceptions of HIV/STI prevention media messages targeted to Black youth and young adults, this qualitative study privileges the voices of Black/ African American young adults as a group that is frequently targeted in HIV prevention campaigns. Semi-structured interviews with 23 Black/African American young adults yielded key themes that suggest barriers to effective health communication. Traditionally, health promotion has advocated for targeted messages as a means to increase risk perception and …

Community Based Participatory Research: The Application And Lessons Learned From A Study With Lgb College Students, Caitlin M. Stover

Journal of Health Disparities Research and Practice

Lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) individuals are members of a vulnerable group where health disparities have been identified. To gain a better understanding of the LGB college student healthcare experience and its contribution to the healthcare disparities found in LGB population, a community based participatory research (CBPR) approach was used to fill the gap. This paper will outline the CBPR process with an emphasis on how the principle investigator applied the tenets of CBPR when working with a local LGB college community. Several lessons learned from the research process are also shared in this paper.

Understanding How Components Of Black Racial Identity And Racial Realities May Impact Healthcare Utilization: A Randomized Study, Alexander M. Chaitoff, Thomas Wickizer, Ismail White

Journal of Health Disparities Research and Practice

Purpose: Studies have suggested that even when minority groups have potential access to healthcare, they may have inadequate utilization (realized access). This study explores the application of a theory from the social psychology and political science literatures concerning how racial centrality and racial realities, specifically amongst Blacks, may influence patients’ healthcare utilization preferences.

Methods: We created a survey with two (pseudo) randomized, controlled experimental treatments designed to assess whether racialized hospital and physician characteristics elicited a preference from Black or White respondents, as well as questions aimed at understanding participants’ different beliefs and levels of knowledge about past and current …

Social Determinants Of Late Stage Hiv Diagnosis And Its Distributions Among African Americans And Latinos: A Critical Literature Review, Alison M. Chopel, Meredith Minkler, Amani Nuru-Jeter, Megan Dunbar

Journal of Health Disparities Research and Practice

ABSTRACT

This critical literature review was conducted to identify both individual- and environmental-level social determinants of health using an ecological framework as a way to contextualize risk for, and distributions of, late HIV diagnosis among African Americans and Latinos in the United States.

Background: Late diagnosis, defined as a diagnosis of AIDS simultaneously with or within one year of an initial HIV diagnosis,¹ disproportionately affects African American and Latino communities;^2,3 disparities in this health problem thus represent a preventable inequity. Such disparities affect not only late diagnosed individuals but also population levels of HIV incidence, as transmission is …

Authenticity In Marketing: A Response To Consumer Resistance?, Christine Marks, Melani Prinsloo

Journal of Marketing and Consumer Behaviour in Emerging Markets

Prior research points out the emerging phenomenon of consumer resistance in terms of resistance towards the marketing discipline. At the same time, extant literature suggests the increasing importance of authenticity in marketing. This study investigates the research question whether and by which means authenticity in marketing can be a response to consumer resistance. The authors conducted qualitative research within which one part of the interviews was conducted with marketing-resistant participants, another one with non-resistant respondents. This permitted to elaborate on divergences between the two groups concerning the evaluation of authenticity. The results illustrate that resistant consumers showed a greater sensitivity …

Critical Literacy In The Social Studies Classroom: A Case For The 21st Century, Bernardo E. Pohl Jr, Christine Beaudry

Journal of Family Strengths

This article considers the potential of integrating critical literacy into approaches to teaching and learning social studies as an indispensable tool for building better communities (Agbaria, 2011). It begins with an overview of the authors’ experiences and perspectives related to social studies and critical literacy. It then proceeds to consider current perceptions and practices regarding literacy in U.S. classrooms and the trend towards teaching and learning literacy and a distinct set of technical and functional knowledge and skills that are often taught in isolation. The article then examines conceptions of critical literacy and considers connections to social studies education. Finally, …

Do Personality Types Make Consumers Exhibit Different Complaint Behaviors?, Olgun Kitapci, Ibrahim Taylan Dortyol

Journal of Marketing and Consumer Behaviour in Emerging Markets

This study aims to explore the differences and similarities in complaint behavior of consumers according to their personality types. 116 managers of a large Turkish finance company have participated in the study. Results show that Intuition-Thinking and Sensing-Thinking individuals tend to engage in public action, while Sensing-Feeling individuals prefer to take private action, and Intuition-Feeling individuals take no action, which is a different form of complaint behavior

This Year Show Compassion – For Others And Yourself, Yolanda Hood

UCF Forum

This is the year of melting.

Role Of Language In Foreign Students ' Adjustment Process In The Study Of Introductory Accounting Courses, Said Juma Suluo

Business Management Review

This study examines the role of language in facilitating the foreign students ' adjustment process in the study of introductory accounting courses at the University of Dar es Salaam Business School. Data were collected through focus group discussions and interviews and then analysed thematically. The findings generally show that introductory accounting courses posed challenged and, as such, collaboration among students was perceived to be the most successful study strategy. However, foreign students could not successfully collaborate with their local counterparts due to their lack of aptitude in the local language, Kiswahili, coupled with the local students ' preferring to use …

Success And Usefulness Of Business Development Services In Tanzania ' S Smes Market, Omari Khalifa Mbura, Merezia Wilson Bambaganya

Business Management Review

The study examined the success and usefulness of successful provision of useful Business Development Services (BDS) in Tanzania ' s SME market. Specifically, the study examined the extent to which the demand side and supply side factors as well as government support influence the successful provision of BDS. A survey methodology was deployed in the conduct of this study. Using random sampling, 100 respondents were selected to take part in a questionnaire survey: 50 questionnaires were administered with Business Development Services Providers (BDSPs) and 50 questionnaires with Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs). The selected enumeration areas (EAs) were all based …