Digital Commons Network^™

The Signal Transducer And Activator Of Transcription 1 (Stat1) Inhibits Mitochondrial Biogenesis In Liver And Fatty Acid Oxidation In Adipocytes, Jennifer D. Sisler, Magdalena Morgan, Vidisha Raje, Rebecca C. Grande, Marta Derecka, Jeremy Meier, Marc Cantwell, Karol Szczepanek, William J. Korzun, Edward J. Lesnefsky, Thurl E. Harris, Colleen M. Croniger, Andrew C. Larner

Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Publications

The transcription factor STAT1 plays a central role in orchestrating responses to various pathogens by activating the transcription of nuclear-encoded genes that mediate the antiviral, the antigrowth, and immune surveillance effects of interferons and other cytokines. In addition to regulating gene expression, we report that STAT1-/- mice display increased energy expenditure and paradoxically decreased release of triglycerides from white adipose tissue (WAT). Liver mitochondria from STAT1-/- mice show both defects in coupling of the electron transport chain (ETC) and increased numbers of mitochondria. Consistent with elevated numbers of mitochondria, STAT1-/- mice expressed increased amounts of PGC1α, a …

Generation Of Multicellular Tumor Spheroids With Microwell-Based Agarose Scaffolds For Drug Testing, Xue Gong, Chao Lin, Jian Cheng, Jiansheng Su, Hang Zhao, Tianlin Liu, Xuejun Wen, Peng Zhao

Chemical and Life Science Engineering Publications

Three dimensional multicellular aggregate, also referred to as cell spheroid or microtissue, is an indispensable tool for in vitro evaluating antitumor activity and drug efficacy. Compared with classical cellular monolayer, multicellular tumor spheroid (MCTS) offers a more rational platform to predict in vivo drug efficacy and toxicity. Nevertheless, traditional processing methods such as plastic dish culture with nonadhesive surfaces are regularly time-consuming, laborious and difficult to provide uniform-sized spheroids, thus causing poor reproducibility of experimental data and impeding high-throughput drug screening. In order to provide a robust and effective platform for in vitro drug evaluation, we present an agarose scaffold …

Perceived Stress Levels, Chemotherapy, Radiation Treatment And Tumor Characteristics Are Associated With A Persistent Increased Frequency Of Somatic Chromosomal Instability In Women Diagnosed With Breast Cancer: A One Year Longitudinal Study, Noran Aboalela, Debra E. Lyon, R. K. Elswick Jr., Debra Lynch Kelly, Jenni Brumelle, Harry D. Bear, Colleen Jackson-Cook

Human and Molecular Genetics Publications

While advances in therapeutic approaches have resulted in improved survival rates for women diagnosed with breast cancer, subsets of these survivors develop persistent psychoneurological symptoms (fatigue, depression/anxiety, cognitive dysfunction) that compromise their quality of life. The biological basis for these persistent symptoms is unclear, but could reflect the acquisition of soma-wide chromosomal instability following the multiple biological/psychological exposures associated with the diagnosis/treatment of breast cancer. An essential first step toward testing this hypothesis is to determine if these cancer-related exposures are indeed associated with somatic chromosomal instability frequencies. Towards this end, we longitudinally studied 71 women (ages 23-71) with early-stage …

Perceived Stress Levels, Chemotherapy, Radiation Treatment And Tumor Characteristics Are Associated With A Persistent Increased Frequency Of Somatic Chromosomal Instability In Women Diagnosed With Breast Cancer: A One Year Longitudinal Study, Noran Aboalela, Debra E. Lyon, R. K. Elswick Jr., Debra Lynch Kelly, Jenni Brumelle, Harry D. Bear, Colleen Jackson-Cook

Human and Molecular Genetics Publications

While advances in therapeutic approaches have resulted in improved survival rates for women diagnosed with breast cancer, subsets of these survivors develop persistent psychoneurological symptoms (fatigue, depression/anxiety, cognitive dysfunction) that compromise their quality of life. The biological basis for these persistent symptoms is unclear, but could reflect the acquisition of soma-wide chromosomal instability following the multiple biological/psychological exposures associated with the diagnosis/treatment of breast cancer. An essential first step toward testing this hypothesis is to determine if these cancer-related exposures are indeed associated with somatic chromosomal instability frequencies. Towards this end, we longitudinally studied 71 women (ages 23-71) with early-stage …

Effect Of Four Approaches To Oral Feeding Progression On Clinical Outcomes In Preterm Infants, Rita H. Pickler, Barbara A. Reyna, Paul A. Wetzel, Mary Lewis

Biomedical Engineering Publications

Background. The purpose of this study of preterm infants was to test the effect of four approaches to the time of transition from gavage to full oral feedings, time to discharge, and weight gain during the transition.Methods. A randomized experimental design was used with four intervention groups: early start (32 weeks' postmenstrual age)/slow progressing experience (gradually increasing oral feedings offered per day); early start/maximum experience (oral feedings offered at every feeding opportunity); late start (34 weeks' postmenstrual age)/slow progressing experience; and late start/maximum experience. Results. The analysis included 86 preterm infants. Once oral feedings were initiated, …

Supporting Practices To Adopt Registry-Based Care (Sparc): Protocol For A Randomized Controlled Trial, Rebecca S. Etz, Rosalind E. Keith, Anna M. Maternick, Karen L. Stein, Roy T. Sabo, Melissa S. Hayes, Purvi Sevak, John Holland, Jesse C. Crosson

Family Medicine and Population Health Publications

Background

Diabetes is predicted to increase in incidence by 42% from 1995 to 2025. Although most adults with diabetes seek care from primary care practices, adherence to treatment guidelines in these settings is not optimal. Many practices lack the infrastructure to monitor patient adherence to recommended treatment and are slow to implement changes critical for effective management of patients with chronic conditions. Supporting Practices to Adopt Registry-Based Care (SPARC) will evaluate effectiveness and sustainability of a low-cost intervention designed to support work process change in primary care practices and enhance focus on population-based care through implementation of a diabetes registry. …

Intracellular Uropathogenic E. Coli Exploits Host Rab35 For Iron Acquisition And Survival Within Urinary Bladder Cells, Neha Dikshit, Pradeep Bist, Shannon N. Fenlon, Niyas Kudukkil Pulloor, Christelle En Lin Chua, Marci A. Scidmore, Jason A. Carlyon, Bor Luen Tang, Swaine L. Chen, Bindu Sukumaran

Microbiology and Immunology Publications

Recurrent urinary tract infections (UTIs) caused by uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC) are common and morbid infections with limited therapeutic options. Previous studies have demonstrated that persistent intracellular infection of bladder epithelial cells (BEC) by UPEC contributes to recurrent UTI in mouse models of infection. However, the mechanisms employed by UPEC to survive within BEC are incompletely understood. In this study we aimed to understand the role of host vesicular trafficking proteins in the intracellular survival of UPEC. Using a cell culture model of intracellular UPEC infection, we found that the small GTPase Rab35 facilitates UPEC survival in UPEC-containing vacuoles …

Intracellular Uropathogenic E. Coli Exploits Host Rab35 For Iron Acquisition And Survival Within Urinary Bladder Cells, Neha Dikshit, Pradeep Bist, Shannon N. Fenlon, Niyas Kudukkil Pulloor, Christelle En Lin Chua, Marci A. Scidmore, Jason A. Carlyon, Bor Len Tang, Swaine L. Chen, Bindu Sukumaran

Microbiology and Immunology Publications

Recurrent urinary tract infections (UTIs) caused by uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC) are common and morbid infections with limited therapeutic options. Previous studies have demonstrated that persistent intracellular infection of bladder epithelial cells (BEC) by UPEC contributes to recurrent UTI in mouse models of infection. However, the mechanisms employed by UPEC to survive within BEC are incompletely understood. In this study we aimed to understand the role of host vesicular trafficking proteins in the intracellular survival of UPEC. Using a cell culture model of intracellular UPEC infection, we found that the small GTPase Rab35 facilitates UPEC survival in UPEC-containing vacuoles …

Christian Higher Education At The Start Of The 21st Century: A Review Essay, David Johnstone

Publications from Student Life & Spiritual Life

Every few years, evangelical scholars publish volumes addressing the nature of how their faith interacts with their academic discipline. While it would seem to be a task that does not need to be repeated, each new project is distinctive to the context in which it is written. Our world is different from 10 years ago, contributing to changes regarding how the conversation looks and develops. Some material is timeless, while other information changes. Currently, underlying the faith and discipline conversation is the utilitarian response that asks, “What makes a Christian college so special?” The implication is that one could gain …

Annual Report Of The Officers, Trustees, Boards, Committees, And Agents For The Town Of Nottingham, New Hampshire For The Year Ending December 31, 2014., Nottingham Town Representatives

Nottingham, NH Annual Reports

This is an annual report containing vital statistics for a town/city in the state of New Hampshire.

Sequoya Review, University Of Tennessee At Chattanooga

Sequoya Review

No abstract provided.

Esat-6 Targeting To Dec205+ Antigen Presenting Cells Induces Specific-T Cell Responses Against Esat-6 And Reduces Pulmonary Infection With Virulent Mycobacterium Tuberculosis, Aarón Silva-Sánchez, Selene Meza-Pérez, Adriana Flores-Langarica

Publications

Airways infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) is contained mostly by T cell responses, however, Mtb has developed evasion mechanisms which affect antigen presenting cell (APC) maturation/recruitment delaying the onset of Ag-specific T cell responses. Hypothetically, bypassing the natural infection routes by delivering antigens directly to APCs may overcome the pathogen's naturally evolved evasion mechanisms, thus facilitating the induction of protective immune responses. We generated a murine monoclonal fusion antibody (α-DEC-ESAT) to deliver Early Secretory Antigen Target (ESAT)-6 directly to DEC205⁺ APCs and to assess its in vivo effects on protection associated responses (IFN-γ production, in vivo CTL killing, and …

University Of South Alabama College Of Medicine Annual Report For 2015-2016, College Of Medicine

COM Annual Reports

This Annual Report of the College of Medicine catalogues recent accomplishments of our faculty, students, residents, fellows and staff in teaching, research, patient care, scholarly and community service activities during the 2015-16 academic year.

Effects Of Participation In Mihow Program On Maternal Smoking And Birthweight, Leah Elise White

Theses, Dissertations and Capstones

This is a study of how participation in a community-based home-visitation program called Maternal Infant Health Outreach Worker (MIHOW) can have an effect on maternal smoking behavior and infant birthweight, and how the timing of enrollment can have an impact on those effects. Each participant was randomly assigned to the treatment or control group and answered survey questions during their pregnancies at the time of enrollment and after their babies reached one month of age. Results of this study indicated that the timing of enrollment did not have a significant effect on maternal smoking behavior or infant birthweight; however, the …

Trends In Intellectual Disability Identification In West Virginia, Margaret M. Stephens

Theses, Dissertations and Capstones

The purpose of this study was to examine the prevalence of Intellectual Disability (ID) in each of West Virginia’s Local Educational Agencies (LEAs). Publicly available enrollment and disability counts were aggregated and used to calculate an administrative prevalence rate for each LEA annually, from 2004 to 2013. Prevalence was examined within and between LEAs, as well as between regions. The results indicate a decrease in the administrative prevalence of ID in 50 of 55 LEAs over the 10 years examined. Rates within LEAs varied between years. Additionally, school-based prevalence varied between RESAs, with RESA I and RESA VIII exhibiting the …

The Influence Of The Maternal Infant Health Outreach Program On Child Development: Through The Eyes Of Moms And Home Visitors, Debra L. Lockwood

Theses, Dissertations and Capstones

MIHOW, the Maternal Infant Health Outreach Worker Program, is a parent-to-parent home visitation program that aims to enhance early childhood development in economically disadvantaged and geographically isolated families with children from birth to three. This qualitative case study conducted in two rural Appalachian counties examined the perceptions and experiences of moms and home visitors regarding the influence MIHOW has on child development. Findings were interpreted in relation to extant literature on the prevention of developmental delays. Five themes emerged from the data. The first theme related to the developmental checklists and screening materials and moms’ understanding of how the checklists …

Knowledge Of Health Literacy Among Athletic Trainers, Janet Marie Rorrer

Theses, Dissertations and Capstones

The purpose of this study was to evaluate athletic trainers’ current knowledge levels of health literacy and health literacy intervention techniques. This study was conducted using a mixed-method; non-experimental, descriptive research design which included a researcher-generated quantitative survey and 18 ethnographic interviews. Quantitative surveys were distributed electronically, via Survey Monkey, by the athletic training Board of Certification to 5453 certified athletic trainers from West Virginia, Kentucky, Maryland, Ohio, Pennsylvania, and Virginia. Also, interview participants (9 male; 9 female) were randomly selected and included three athletic trainers from each of the six states, three employment settings (Clinic, College, and High School), …

Where's The Beef Labeling?: A Policy Proposal Concerning Red Meat, Ann Elaine Bryant

Theses, Dissertations and Capstones

The Nutrition Labeling and Education Act (NLEA) 1990, required all foods regulated by the Federal Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to have nutritional information labels directly on the product. Red meat is regulated by the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), which is not subject to the NLEA. Red meat nutrition labeling was voluntarily until 2009, and even with the changes in the regulations most red meat still does not have to have a nutrition label directly on the package. Red meat has been linked to obesity, which is a serious health problem in the United States. This thesis argues …

Associated Students Annual Report 2014-2015, San Jose State University, Associated Students

Associated Students Annual Reports

No abstract provided.

Egg Intake And Dietary Quality Among Overweight And Obese Mexican-American Postpartum Women, Sonia Sonia Vega-López, Giselle Pignotti, Michael Todd, Colleen Keller

Faculty Publications

Despite their low cost and high nutrient density, the contribution of eggs to nutrient intake and dietary quality among Mexican-American postpartum women has not been evaluated. Nutrient intake and dietary quality, as assessed by the Healthy Eating Index 2010 (HEI-2010), were measured in habitually sedentary overweight/obese (body mass index (BMI) = 29.7 ± 3.5 kg/m2) Mexican-American postpartum women (28 ± 6 years) and compared between egg consumers (n = 82; any egg intake reported in at least one of three 24-h dietary recalls) and non-consumers (n = 57). Egg consumers had greater intake of energy (+808 kJ (193 kcal) or …

What Is Valuable?, Kelly Harer

SR & SC Masters Projects

No abstract provided.

Variables Influencing Breastfeeding Among First Time Mothers, Myra Westbrooks

Nursing Theses and Capstone Projects

This research examined the variables that influence breastfeeding in first time mothers. The study utilized Fishbein and Ajzen’s Theory of Reasoned Action as the theoretical framework. The sample included 147 first time mothers and utilized a descriptive design with a retrospective chart review. The descriptive study allowed for the identification of variables and patterns or characteristics of first time mothers who chose to breastfeed. Associations between several demographic variables and breastfeeding were identified in this study. By identifying variables that have a significant influence on breastfeeding, focused action plans can be developed to improve both maternal and infant health outcomes.

The Unconstrained Vision Of Nassim Taleb, Ryan Murphy

Bridwell Institute for Economic Freedom Research

No abstract provided.

2015-04-13 Common Academic Program Committee Minutes, University Of Dayton. Common Academic Program Committee

Common Academic Program Committee Minutes

No abstract provided.

Oncology Section Edge Task Force On Prostate Cancer Outcomes: A Systematic Review Of Clinical Measures Of Strength And Muscular Endurance, Mary Insana Fisher, Claire Davies, Genevieve Colon, Hannah Geyer, Lucinda Pfalzer

Physical Therapy Faculty Publications

Background: Strength deficits are a common morbidity following treatment for prostate cancer. Accurate assessment of strength and muscular endurance following prostate cancer treatments is essential to identify deficits and plan rehabilitation.

Purpose: To identify strength and muscular endurance outcome measures that possess strong psychometric properties and are clinically useful for examination of men treated for prostate cancer.

Methods: Multiple electronic databases were searched for articles published after 1995. Studies of tools used to assess strength and muscular endurance were included if they reported psychometric properties, were clinically feasible methods, performed on adults, and published in the English language. Each outcome …

Reflections On Five Schools: Education And Social Justice, Kathryn Kinnucan Welsch

Perspectives on South America: Reminiscence of the University of Dayton Global Education Seminar

During the 2012 – 2013 academic year, seven faculty engaged in reading, reflection, and conversations with themselves and others as part of the Global Education Seminar, a faculty development program designed to support intercultural and global initiatives. The seminar culminated in a three-week trip to Argentina and Peru, during which the cohort visited schools, universities, and the streets of Buenos Aires and Lima. The stories of five schools, some affluent, some located in the midst of poverty, offer a window into the intersection of education and social justice. The stories offer food for thought around three themes: 1) social justice …

Intake Of Erythrocytes Required For Reproductive Development Of Female Schistosoma Japonicum., Jipeng Wang, Shuqi Wang, Xiufeng Liu, Bin Xu, Riyi Chai, Pan Zhou, Chuan Ju, Jun Sun, Paul J. Brindley, Wei Hu

Microbiology, Immunology, and Tropical Medicine Faculty Publications

The reproductive development and maturation of female schistosomes are crucial since their released eggs are responsible for the host immunopathology and transmission of schistosomiasis. However, little is known about the nutrients required by female Schistosoma japonicum during its sexual maturation. We evaluated the promoting effect of several nutrients (calf serum, red blood cells (RBCs), ATP and hypoxanthine) on the reproductive development of pre-adult females at 18 days post infection (dpi) from mixed infections and at 50 dpi from unisexual infections of laboratory mice in basic medium RPMI-1640. We found RBCs, rather than other nutrients, promoted the female sexual maturation and …

Evaluation Of Social Media Utilization By Latino Adolescents: Implications For Mobile Health Interventions, Megan Landry, Amita Vyas, Monique Turner, Sara Nelson Glick, Susan Wood

Health Policy and Management Faculty Publications

Background: Trends in social media use, including sending/receiving short message service (SMS) and social networking, are constantly changing, yet little is known about adolescent’s utilization and behaviors. This longitudinal study examines social media utilization among Latino youths, and differences by sex and acculturation.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to examine Latino adolescents’ social media utilization and behavior over a 16-month period, and to assess whether changes in use differed by sex and acculturation.

Methods: This study included 555 Latino youths aged 13-19 who completed baseline and 16-month follow-up surveys. Prevalence of social media utilization and frequency, by sex …

Improving Newborn Care Practices Through Home Visits: Lessons From Malawi, Nepal, Bangladesh, And Uganda., Deborah Sitrin, Tanya Guenther, Peter Waiswa, Sarah Namutamba, Gertrude Namazzi, Srijana Sharma, K. C. Ashish, Sayed Rubayet, Subrata Bhadra, Reuben Ligowe, Emmanuel Chimbalanga, Elizabeth Sewell, Kate Kerber, Allisyn Moran

Pediatrics Faculty Publications

Background: Nearly all newborn deaths occur in low- or middle-income countries. Many of these deaths could be prevented through promotion and provision of newborn care practices such as thermal care, early and exclusive breastfeeding, and hygienic cord care. Home visit programmes promoting these practices were piloted in Malawi, Nepal, Bangladesh, and Uganda.

Objective: This study assessed changes in selected newborn care practices over time in pilot programme areas in four countries and evaluated whether women who received home visits during pregnancy were more likely to report use of three key practices.

Design: Using data from cross-sectional surveys …

The Impact Of Parents’ Categorization Of Their Own Weight And Their Child’S Weight On Healthy Lifestyle Promoting Beliefs And Practices, Allison C. Sylvetsky-Meni, Scott E. Gillespie, Trisha .. Hardy, Jean A. Welsh

Exercise and Nutrition Sciences Faculty Publications

Objective. To evaluate parents’ beliefs and practices related to childhood obesity and determine if these are influenced by parent’s perception of their own weight or their child’s weight.

Methods. Parents of obese (𝑛 = 689) or normal weight (𝑛 = 1122) children 4–15 years in Georgia, USA, were randomly selected to complete a telephone survey. Frequency of child obesity-related perceptions, beliefs, and practices were assessed, stratified by parent-perceived self-weight and child weight status, and compared using Chisquared tests and multivariate logistic regression.

Results. Most parents, regardless of perceived child weight, agreed that child overweight/obesity can cause serious illness (95%) …