Digital Commons Network^™

Fungal Morphogenesis, Xiaorong Lin, J. Andrew Alspaugh, Haoping Liu, Steven D. Harris

Center for Plant Science Innovation: Faculty Publications

Morphogenesis in fungi is often induced by extracellular factors and executed by fungal genetic factors. Cell surface changes and alterations of the microenvironment often accompany morphogenetic changes in fungi. In this review, we will first discuss the general traits of yeast and hyphal morphotypes and how morphogenesis affects development and adaptation by fungi to their native niches, including host niches. Then we will focus on the molecular machinery responsible for the two most fundamental growth forms, yeast and hyphae. Last, we will describe how fungi incorporate exogenous environmental and host signals together with genetic factors to determine their morphotype and …

Eugenol Biologic Activity In Immunosuppressed Rat Females With Candida Albicans Genital Infection: Histocytological Changes, Romeo Teodor Cristina, Diana Obistioiu, Eugenia Dumitrescu, Ileana Nichita, Florin Muselin, Diana Brezovan, Mihai Sorin Cernea

Turkish Journal of Biology

From our prior studies concerning eugenol's biologic activity we observed the very good in vitro antifungal efficiency of this natural compound. Those positive results generated the need to supplement the available information with a comparative in vivo animal model. In this context, our current study was proposed to ascertain and compare the effects of eugenol with nystatin with a placebo control group (saline solution) by evaluating the cytohistological alterations in immunosuppressed Wistar female rats genitally infected with Candida albicans. The observed histological alterations were most apparent in the placebo group. Candidiasis affected the liver, ovaries, kidneys, and spleen of the …

Maternal Plasma And Breastmilk Viral Loads Are Associated With Hiv-1-Specific Cellular Immune Responses Among Hiv-1-Exposed, Uninfected Infants In Kenya, Amy Y. Liu, Barbara Lohman-Payne, Michael H. Chung, James Kiarie, John Kinuthia, Jennifer Slyker, Barbra Richardson, Dara Lehman, Carey Farquhar, Grace John-Stewart

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

Infants exposed to maternal HIV-1 provide an opportunity to assess correlates of HIV-1-specific interferon (IFN)-γ responses and may be informative in the development of HIV-1 vaccines. HIV-1-infected women with CD4 counts 200-500 cells/mm(3) were randomized to short-course zidovudine/nevirapine (ZDV/NVP) or highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART) between 2003 and 2005. Maternal plasma and breastmilk HIV-1 RNA and DNA were quantified during the first 6-12 months postpartum. HIV-1 gag peptide-stimulated enzyme-linked immunospot (ELISPOT) assays were conducted in HIV-1-exposed, uninfected infants (EU), and correlates were determined using regression and generalized estimating equations. Among 47 EU infants, 21 (45%) had ≥1 positive ELISPOT result …

Acid-Suppressing Agents And Risk For Clostridium Difficile Infection In Pediatric Patients, Katelyn E. Brown, Chad A. Knoderer, Kristen R. Nichols, Ashley S. Crumby

Scholarship and Professional Work – COPHS

Background. Acid-suppressing agents have been associated with increased Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) in adults. The objective of this study was to evaluate the association of acid-suppressing therapy with the development of CDI in the pediatric population.

Methods. This was a retrospective case-control study. Children aged 1 through 17 years with a positive C difficile polymerase chain reaction (PCR) result obtained between June 1, 2008, and June 1, 2012, were randomly matched to a control population selected from patients with negative PCR.

Results. A total of 458 children were included. No difference was observed in acid-suppressive therapy prior …

Implementing Extended-Infusion Cefepime As Standard Of Care In A Children’S Hospital: A Prospective Descriptive Study, Kristen R. Nichols, Lauren C. Karmire, Elaine G. Cox, Michael B. Kays, Chad A. Knoderer

Scholarship and Professional Work – COPHS

Background: Extended-infusion cefepime (EIC) has been associated with decreased mortality in adults, but to our knowledge, there are no studies in children.

Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the feasibility of implementing EIC as the standard dosing strategy in a pediatric population.

Methods: This was a descriptive study of children aged 1 month to 17 years, including patients in the intensive care unit, who received cefepime after admission to a freestanding, tertiary care children’s hospital. Patients were excluded if they were admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit or received cefepime in the outpatient, …

Late-Occurring Vancomycin-Associated Acute Kidney Injury In Children Receiving Prolonged Therapy, Chad A. Knoderer, Allison L. Gritzman, Kristen R. Nichols, Amy C. Wilson

Scholarship and Professional Work – COPHS

Background: Acute kidney injury (AKI) in patients receiving vancomycin has been associated with trough concentrations ≥15 mg/L and longer therapy duration. The objective of this study was to determine the incidence and factors associated with late AKI in children receiving ≥8 days of vancomycin therapy. Methods: Children aged 30 days to 17 years who were admitted to our institution and received intravenous vancomycin for at least 8 days during January to December of 2007 and 2010 and had a suspected or proven gram-positive infection were included. Late AKI was categorized as AKI occurring after the first 7 days of therapy …

Guardian Engagement, Morgan Ames, Sandy Fulkerson Schaeffer, Lindsey Hammergren, Alex Hahn, Nico Francone, Priyanka Joshi, Miranda Kuwahara, Nathalie Thom

ISCOPES Posters and Presentations

No abstract provided.

Making The Leap From Research Laboratory To Clinic: Challenges And Opportunities For Next-Generation Sequencing In Infectious Disease Diagnostics., Brittany Goldberg, Heike Sichtig, Chelsie Geyer, Nathan Ledeboer, George M Weinstock

Pediatrics Faculty Publications

Next-generation DNA sequencing (NGS) has progressed enormously over the past decade, transforming genomic analysis and opening up many new opportunities for applications in clinical microbiology laboratories. The impact of NGS on microbiology has been revolutionary, with new microbial genomic sequences being generated daily, leading to the development of large databases of genomes and gene sequences. The ability to analyze microbial communities without culturing organisms has created the ever-growing field of metagenomics and microbiome analysis and has generated significant new insights into the relation between host and microbe. The medical literature contains many examples of how this new technology can be …

Graduate Medical Education 2014-2015 Annual Report, Children's Mercy Hospital

GME Annual Reports

Annual report of the Children's Mercy Hospital Graduate Medical Education department, including pediatric residency, internal medicine/pediatrics residency, fellowship programs, medical students, continuing medical education, and library services.

Disparities In Infant Mortality Due To Congenital Anomalies On Guam, Jonathan K. Noel, Sara Namazi, Robert L. Haddock

Health & Wellness Department Faculty Publications and Research

No abstract provided.

Larval Habitat Discrimination By The African Malaria Vector Anopheles Gambiae Sensu Lato: Observations From Standardized Experiments And Field Studies, Herrera-Varela Manuela

All PhD Dissertations

Current malaria vector control strategies in Africa target indoor resting and biting mosquitoes and rely heavily on a small number of insecticides. These interventions have lead to the selection of insecticide resistance, behavioural adaptations of the vectors and leave naturally exophilic species nearly untouched. Gravid Anopheles gambiae s.l. female searching for an oviposition site would be a novel target for vector control. However, little is known about the oviposition-site selection behaviour (criteria) of this mosquito. The major aim of the presented research was to investigate if gravid An. gambiae s.l make informed choices when selecting an oviposition site and to …

Biomedical Research At The Population Council, Population Council

Momentum

IN THIS ISSUE: Research and development to improve reproductive health | From bench to bedroom: Biomedical research at the Population Council | Male contraception in discovery | Multipurpose prevention technologies in early-stage development | Contraceptive vaginal rings in late-stage development | Delivering on a promise: The International Contraceptive Access (ICA) Foundation

Nsu Office Of Research And Technology Transfer Fy 2015 Annual Report, Nova Southeastern University

Annual Reports

No abstract provided.

Nova Southeastern University 2015 Annual Report, Nova Southeastern University

NSU Annual Reports

No abstract provided.

Evaluating The Potential For Passive Greywater Irrigation In Northern Ghana, Chelsea L. Fagan

Dissertations, Master's Theses and Master's Reports - Open

Water scarcity, malaria, and malnutrition are all concerns facing the people of Chirifoyili and the Northern Region of Ghana. Greywater pooling outside of homes increases human exposure to pathogens and provides breeding grounds for disease carrying insects, especially malaria spreading mosquitoes. This project looks at draining this water away from the home and using it to irrigate vegetables, fruit trees and other beneficial plants.

The purpose of this study is to estimate the effects of greywater irrigation on the growth of plants commonly found in village home gardens. The field project consisted of constructing and managing household greywater irrigation systems …

Professional Activites Report 2014-2015, College Of Health And Human Services

College of Health and Human Services Newsletter

• Awarded and Active Grants
• Peer-Reviewed Journal Publications
• Books
• Book Chapters
• Monographs
• Conference Proceedings
• Professional Reviewer/Editor
• Professional Service

Telepsychiatry And Mental Health Care For Syrian Refugees In Turkey, Moustafa Moustafa

Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library

The Syrian conflict is now in its fourth year and has produced one of the largest humanitarian disasters since the Cold War. Violent fighting and aerial bombings in many of the country’s major cities have resulted in massive numbers of internally and externally displaced Syrians, many psychologically traumatized and in need of expert mental health attention. The influx of refugees into Syria’s neighboring countries of Lebanon, Jordan and Turkey has stressed already strained health systems. The ability to deliver mental health care is inextricably linked to the existing health care infrastructure—a dynamic and often unstable institution as refugees migrate from …

Predictors Of Non-­Adherence To Medical Follow-­Up Care Among African Americans With Hiv/Aids, Phyllis D. Morgan, Cynthia B. Banks, Joshua Fogel

2010-2016 Archived Posters

Persons living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus/Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (HIV/AIDS) who do not adhere to their medical follow-­ up appointments tend to have poorer health outcomes compared to HIV/AIDS patients who adhere to their medical follow-­up appointments (Lima et al., 2009). This study examined factors that influence non-­adherence of African-­Americans with HIV/AIDS to medical follow-­up appointments.

Antimicrobial Susceptibility Profiles Of Staphylococcus Aureus Isolates Recovered From Humans, Environmental Surfaces, And Companion Animals In Households Of Children With Community-Onset Methicillin-Resistant S. Aureus Infections, John J. Morelli, Patrick G. Hogan, Melanie L. Sullivan, Carol E. Muenks, Jeffrey W. Wang, Ryley M. Thompson, Carey-Ann D. Burnham, Stephanie A. Fritz

Open Access Publications

No abstract provided.

Global Analyses Revealed Age-Related Alterations In Innate Immune Responses After Stimulation Of Pathogen Recognition Receptors, Talibah U. Metcalf, Rafael A. Cubas, Khader Ghneim, Michael J. Cartwright, Julien Van Grevenynghe, Justin M. Richner, David P. Olagnier, Peter A. Wilkinson, Mark J. Cameron, Byung S. Park, John B. Hiscott, Michael S. Diamond, Anne M. Wertheimer, Janko Nikolich-Zugich, Elias K. Haddad

Open Access Publications

No abstract provided.

Case Report: Typhoid Fever Complicated By Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis And Rhabdomyolysis, Lemuel R. Non, Rupa Patel, Amir Esmaeeli, Vladimir Despotovic

Open Access Publications

No abstract provided.

Case Report: A Case Of Diabetic Ketoacidosis Following Chikungunya Virus Infection, Illya Tolokh, Timothy Laux, Daniel Kim

Open Access Publications

No abstract provided.

Detailed Phenotypic And Molecular Analyses Of Genetically Modified Mice Generated By Crispr-Cas9-Mediated Editing, Bijal A. Parikh, Diana L. Beckman, Swapneel J. Patel, J. Michael White, Wayne M. Yokoyama

Open Access Publications

No abstract provided.

Criteria For Reducing Unnecessary Testing For Herpes Simplex Virus, Varicella-Zoster Virus, Cytomegalovirus, And Enterovirus In Cerebrospinal Fluid Samples From Adults, Craig B. Wilen, Cynthia L. Monaco, Joan Hoppe-Bauer, Ronald Jackups Jr., Robert C. Bucelli, Carey-Ann D. Burnham

Open Access Publications

No abstract provided.

Early Initiation Of Antiretroviral Therapy Can Functionally Control Productive Hiv-1 Infection In Humanized-Blt Mice, Qingsheng Li, For Yue Tso, Guobin Kang, Wuxun Lu, Yue Li, Wenjin Fan, Zhe Yuan, Christopher J. Destache, Charles Wood

Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications

Background—Recent reports showed that functional control of HIV-1 infection for a prolonged time is possible by early anti-retroviral therapy (ART); however its underlying mechanism needs to be studied with a suitable animal model. Recently, humanized-BLT (bone marrow, liver and thymus) mouse (hu-BLT) was shown to be an excellent model for studying HIV-1 infection. We thus tested the feasibility of studying functional control of HIV-1 infection using hu-BLT mice.

Methods—Animals in three treatment groups (Rx-6h, Rx-24h, Rx-48h) and untreated group were infected with HIV-1, followed by ART initiation at 6, 24 or 48 hours post-infection and continued daily for two weeks. …

The Role Of Dendritic Cell Subsets And Innate Immunity In The Pathogenesis Of Type 1 Diabetes And Other Autoimmune Diseases, Jeffrey D. Price, Kristin V. Tarbell

Nebraska Center for Virology: Faculty Publications

Dendritic cells (DCs) are key antigen-presenting cells that have an important role in autoimmune pathogenesis. DCs control both steady-state T cell tolerance and activation of pathogenic responses. The balance between these two outcomes depends on several factors, including genetic susceptibility, environmental signals that stimulate varied innate responses, and which DC subset is presenting antigen. Although the specific DC phenotype can diverge depending on the tissue location and context, there are four main subsets identified in both mouse and human: conventional cDC1 and cDC2, plasmacytoid DCs, and monocyte-derived DCs. In this review, we will discuss the role of these subsets in …

Weighing The Facts: A Systematic Review Of Expected Patterns Of Weight Loss In Full-Term, Breastfed Infants, Diane Thulier

College of Nursing Faculty Publications

All breastfeeding infants lose some weight in the early days of life. Conventionally, 5% to 7% loss of birth weight has been accepted as the normal and expected amount of weight loss before infants begin to gain weight steadily. When infants lose more than 7% of their birth weight, breastfeeding adequacy is sometimes questioned and formula supplementation is often given. Despite the fact that 5% to 7% is well known and commonly cited, little reliable evidence exists that supports use of this figure as a guide to practice. A systematic review of studies that focused on infant weight loss was …

The Loss Of Genomic Uracil Homeostasis And Aid-Dependent Accumulation Of Dna Damage In B Cell Lymphomas, Sophia Shalhout

Wayne State University Dissertations

Activation-induced deaminase (AID) is a sequence-selective DNA cytosine deaminase that introduces uracils in immunoglobulin genes. This DNA mutator is required for somatic hypermutation and class switch recombination- processes involved in the affinity maturation and diversification of antibodies. AID, however, can also lead to deleterious mutations and translocations promoting lymphomagenesis. The introduction of uracils throughout the genome of activated B cells and the ability of UNG2 glycosylase to excise these uracils is examined here. This interplay was also studied in cancerous B cells, with different results emerging in transformed cells versus healthy cells. Genomic uracil levels are found to remain at …

Critical Period Conditioning By Orgasm During Heterosexual Oral Sex, Kristy N. Woods

Theses, Dissertations and Capstones

Data were obtained retrospectively and anonymously using a computerized survey instrument from 450 female and 489 male participants who had experienced orgasm during oral sex before age 18, as well as 352 female and 151 male participants who had not experienced an orgasm while receiving oral sex before age 18. Female participants who experienced an orgasm during oral sex prior to age 18 were significantly more likely to experience an orgasm during oral sex after age 18. For male participants, although the difference was in the hypothesized direction, it did not reach significance. Female participants who experienced an orgasm during …

Application Of Supervised Machine Learning Algorithms For Rapid Identification Of Mrsa Pfge Strain Types, Michael L. Bernauer

Biomedical Informatics Seminar Series (BioMISS)

Introduction: Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) is a molecular typing method used in epidemiologic surveillance of MRSA. PFGE relies on electrophoretic migration of restricted DNA fragments, resulting in characteristic fingerprints which can be used to classify organisms. Current methods of analysis, such as Gel Compar II and BioNumerics rely on unsupervised hierarchical clustering algorithms to group organisms based on pairwise similarity. These methods are labor intensive, often requiring a significant amount of user intervention and oversight. This study presents an automated approach to PFGE typing to reduce the amount of user involvement and time required for analysis.

Methods: A total of …