Digital Commons Network^™

Kaul Foundation Donates $7 Million For Uab Personalized Medicine Institute, Alicia Rohan

Browse All News

No abstract provided.

Impact Of Hiv Testing And Counseling (Htc) Knowledge On Hiv Prevention Practices Among Traditional Birth Attendants In Nigeria, Alice Osuji, Jennifer R. Pharr, Uche Nwokoro, Anulika Ike, Christiana Ali, Ogheneaga Ejiro, John Osuyali, Michael Obiefune, Kevin Fiscella, Echezona E. Ezeanolue

Environmental & Global Health Faculty Research

Nigeria is second in the world for the number of people with HIV and has a high rate of mother-to-child transmission (MTCT). Over 60% of births in Nigeria occur outside of health care facilities, and because of this, Traditional Birth Attendants (TBAs) play a significant role in maternal and child health. It is important that TBAs be knowledgeable about HIV prevention. The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of HIV testing and counseling (HTC) knowledge on the HIV prevention practices among TBAs in Nigeria. Five hundred TBAs were surveyed. Chi-square and logistic regression were used to assess …

Rapid Effects Of A Protective O-Polysaccharide-Specific Monoclonal Iga On Vibrio Cholerae Agglutination, Motility, And Surface Morphology, Magdia De Jesus

Biomedical Sciences Faculty Scholarship

2D6 is a dimeric monoclonal immunoglobulin A (IgA) specific for the nonreducing terminal residue of Ogawa O-polysaccharide (OPS) of Vibrio cholerae. It was previously demonstrated that 2D6 IgA is sufficient to passively protect suckling mice from oral challenge with virulent V. cholerae O395. In this study, we sought to define the mechanism by which 2D6 IgA antibody protects the intestinal epithelium from V. cholerae infection. In a mouse ligated-ileal-loop assay, 2D6 IgA promoted V. cholerae agglutination in the intestinal lumen and limited the ability of the bacteria to associate with the epithelium, particularly within the crypt regions. In vitro fluorescence …

Bjc Today

BJC Today

No abstract provided.

A Novel Chemosynthetic Peptide With Β-Sheet Motif Efficiently Kills Klebsiella Pnuemoniae In A Mouse Model, Shirui Tan, Changpei Gan, Rongpeng Li, Yan Ye, Shuang Zhang, Xu Wu, Yi Yan Yang, Weimin Fan, Min Wu

Chemistry Faculty Publications

Klebsiella pneumoniae (Kp) is one of the most common pathogens in nosocomial infections and is increasingly becoming multiple drug resistant. However, the molecular pathogenesis of Kp in causing tissue injury and dysregulated host defense remains elusive, further dampening the development of novel therapeutic measures. We have previously screened a series of synthetic antimicrobial beta-sheet forming peptides and identified a peptide (IRIKIRIK; ie, IK8L) with a broad range of bactericidal activity and low cytotoxicity in vitro. Here, employing an animal model, we investigated the antibacterial effects of IK8L in acute infection and demonstrated that peritoneal injection of IK8L to mice down-regulated …

Delivering A “Dose Of Hope”: A Faith-Based Program To Increase Older African Americans’ Participation In Clinical Trials, Paula M. Frew, Saad B. Omer, Kimberly Parker, Marcus Bolton, Jay Schamel, Eve Shapiro, Lauren Owens, Diane Saint-Victor, Sahithi Boggavarapu, Nikia Braxton, Matthew Archibald, Ameeta S. Kalokhe, Takeia Horton, Christin M. Root, Vincent L. Fenimore, Aaron M. Anderson

Environmental & Global Health Faculty Research

Background: Underrepresentation of older-age racial and ethnic minorities in clinical research is a significant barrier to health in the United States, as it impedes medical research advancement of effective preventive and therapeutic strategies. Objective: The objective of the study was to develop and test the feasibility of a community-developed faith-based intervention and evaluate its potential to increase the number of older African Americans in clinical research. Methods: Using a cluster-randomized design, we worked with six matched churches to enroll at least 210 persons. We provided those in the intervention group churches with three educational sessions on the role of clinical …

First Record Of The Invasive Asian Fish Tapeworm Bothriocephalus Acheilognathi In Honduras, Central America, Guillermo Salgado-Maldonado, Wilfredo A. Matamoros, Brian R. Kreiser, Juan Manuel Caspeta-Mandujano, Edgar F. Mendoza-Franco

Faculty Publications

This paper provides the first report of the invasive Asian fish tapeworm, Bothriocephalus acheilognathi Yamaguti, 1934, in Honduras. The cestode was found in Profundulus portillorum (Cyprinodontiformes: Profundulidae), which represents a new host record, and which is a member of a genus faced with a variety of conservation challenges, now potentially complicated by the presence of this pathogenic cestode. Nearly complete sequence data from the ITS-1 5.8S and ITS-2 regions corroborate the determination based on morphological characteristics. Several species of carp were introduced to Honduras for aquaculture purposes in the early 1980s and the presence of the Asian fish tapeworm in …

Uab Expert Says Battle Against Hiv Must Move From Laboratories To Communities, Jim Bakken

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No abstract provided.

Comparing Vegan And Vegetarian Attitudes, Beliefs, And Perceptions With Risk For Disordered Eating Behaviors, Chaya Lee Charles

Theses - ALL

ABSTRACT Objective: Evaluate the following for effect on disordered eating behaviors and body image: An individual's motivation for consuming a vegan/vegetarian diet; Accuracy in self-–reporting of vegan/vegetarian status and; Level of acculturation in vegan/vegetarian American immigrants. Design: A descriptive, cross-–sectional study evaluating vegan/vegetarian beliefs and current practices, using the theoretical framework of the Theory of Planned Behavior. Subjects/Setting: Participants recruited via e-–mail list-–servs for the Vegetarian Resource Group and the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics Vegetarian Nutrition Dietetic Practice Group. Data were collected in 2010, using SurveyMonkey©©. This research utilized a survey tool developed for this study, with the Eating …

Comparing Vegan And Vegetarian Attitudes, Beliefs, And Perceptions With Risk For Disordered Eating Behaviors, Chaya Lee Charles

Theses - ALL

ABSTRACT Objective: Evaluate the following for effect on disordered eating behaviors and body image: An individual's motivation for consuming a vegan/vegetarian diet; Accuracy in self-–reporting of vegan/vegetarian status and; Level of acculturation in vegan/vegetarian American immigrants. Design: A descriptive, cross-–sectional study evaluating vegan/vegetarian beliefs and current practices, using the theoretical framework of the Theory of Planned Behavior. Subjects/Setting: Participants recruited via e-–mail list-–servs for the Vegetarian Resource Group and the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics Vegetarian Nutrition Dietetic Practice Group. Data were collected in 2010, using SurveyMonkey©©. This research utilized a survey tool developed for this study, with the Eating …

The Cowl - V.79 - N.16 - Feb 5, 2015

The Cowl

The Cowl - student newspaper of Providence College. Vol 79 - No. 16 - February 5, 2015. 20 pages.

Helicobacter Pylori: Genomic Insight Into The Host-Pathogen Interaction, Kathryn P. Haley, Jennifer A. Gaddy

Peer Reviewed Articles

The advent of genomic analyses has revolutionized the study of human health. Infectious disease research in particular has experienced an explosion of bacterial genomic, transcriptomic, and proteomic data complementing the phenotypic methods employed in traditional bacteriology. Together, these techniques have revealed novel virulence determinants in numerous pathogens and have provided information for potential chemotherapeutics. The bacterial pathogen, Helicobacter pylori, has been recognized as a class 1 carcinogen and contributes to chronic inflammation within the gastric niche. Genomic analyses have uncovered remarkable coevolution between the human host and H. pylori. Perturbation of this coevolution results in dysregulation of the …

The Role Of Il-27 In Susceptibility To Post-Influenza Staphylococcus Aureus Pneumonia, Keven M. Robinson, Benjamin Lee, Erich V Scheller, Sivanarayana Mandalapu, Richard I. Enelow

Dartmouth Scholarship

Influenza is a common respiratory virus and Staphylococcus aureus frequently causes secondary pneumonia during influenza infection, leading to increased morbidity and mortality. Influenza has been found to attenuate subsequent Type 17 immunity, enhancing susceptibility to secondary bacterial infections. IL-27 is known to inhibit Type 17 immunity, suggesting a potential critical role for IL-27 in viral and bacterial co-infection.

Commentary Introducing The Issue, Richard Ingram

Frontiers in Public Health Services and Systems Research

In an era of diminished resources, public health agencies are being asked to do more with less. Evidence suggests that while revenues at the state and local levels have been flat or increased slightly since 2010, a large number of governmental public health agencies in the United States have been forced to cut programs and/or staff to compensate for the relative paucity of funds at their disposal. At the same time, these agencies have been challenged to effectively deploy diminished resources to develop and implement multi-level interventions in their communities and to address the many determinants of complex chronic diseases, …

Activation Of α7 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors Prevents Monosodium Iodoacetate-Induced Osteoarthritis In Rats, Yuan Liu, Dongying Wu, Fanglong Song, Chenlei Zhu, Yujian Hui, Qingcheng Zhu, Jie Wu, Weimin Fan, Jun Hu

Translational Neuroscience

Background/Aims: Although some evidence suggests that the prevalence of osteoarthritis (OA) is lower in smokers compared to nonsmokers, the mechanisms of nicotine-induced protection remain unclear. Stimulation of the α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7-nAChR) appears to be a critical mechanism underlying the anti-inflammatory potential of cholinergic agonists in immune cells. The inhibition of secreted inflammatory molecules and the subsequent inflammatory processes have been proposed as a novel strategy for the treatment of OA. The objective of the present study was to determine whether nicotine-induced protection in a monosodium iodoacetate (MIA) rat model of OA occurs via α7-nAChR-mediated inhibition of chondrocytes. Methods: …

The Effects Of Obesity On The Comparative Effectiveness Of Linezolid And Vancomycin In Suspected Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus Pneumonia, Aisling R. Caffrey, Noh, Haley J. Morrill, Kerry L. Laplante

Pharmacy Practice and Clinical Research Faculty Publications

Background: Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has become a leading cause of pneumonia in the United States and there is limited data on treatment outcomes in obese patients.We evaluated the effectiveness of linezolid compared to vancomycin for the treatment of MRSA pneumonia in a national cohort of obese Veterans.

Methods: This retrospective cohort study included obese patients (body mass index ≥ 30) admitted to Veterans Affairs hospitals with MRSA-positive respiratory cultures and clinical signs of infection between 2002 and 2012. Patients initiating treatment with either vancomycin or linezolid, but not both, were selected for inclusion. Propensity matching and adjustment …

Herbivory And The Resilience Of Caribbean Coral Reefs: Knowledge Gaps And Implications For Management, Thomas C. Adam, Deron E. Burkepile, Benjamin I. Ruttenberg, Michelle J. Paddack

Biological Sciences

Herbivory is a key process on coral reefs that can facilitate reef-building corals by excluding algae that otherwise negatively impact coral settlement, growth, and survivorship. Over the last several decades, coral cover on Caribbean reefs has declined precipitously. On many reefs, large structurally complex corals have been replaced by algae and other non-reef-building organisms, resulting in the collapse of physical structure and the loss of critical ecosystem services. The drivers of coral decline on Caribbean reefs are complex and vary among locations. On many reefs, populations of key herbivores have been greatly reduced by disease and overfishing, and this has …

2015-February-03-Goodkin Re-Elected To Serve With Aids Clinical Trial Group Network, University Marketing And Communications, East Tennessee State University

ETSU News

No abstract provided.

Human Brucellosis Occurrences In Inner Mongolia, China: A Spatio-Temporal Distribution And Ecological Niche Modeling Approach, Peng Jia, Andrew Joyner

ETSU Faculty Works

Background: Brucellosis is a common zoonotic disease and remains a major burden in both human and domesticated animal populations worldwide. Few geographic studies of human Brucellosis have been conducted, especially in China. Inner Mongolia of China is considered an appropriate area for the study of human Brucellosis due to its provision of a suitable environment for animals most responsible for human Brucellosis outbreaks. Methods: The aggregated numbers of human Brucellosis cases from 1951 to 2005 at the municipality level, and the yearly numbers and incidence rates of human Brucellosis cases from 2006 to 2010 at the county level were collected. …

Progress Notes, Lehigh Valley Health Network

Progress Notes

No abstract provided.

Characterization Of The Rel(Bbu) Regulon In Borrelia Burgdorferi Reveals Modulation Of Glycerol Metabolism By (P)Ppgpp, Julia Bugrysheva, Christopher J. Pappas, Darya A. Terekhova, Radha Iyer, Henry P. Godfrey, Ira Schwartz, Felipe C. Cabello

NYMC Faculty Publications

The bacterial stringent response is triggered by deficiencies of available nutrients and other environmental stresses. It is mediated by 5'-triphosphate-guanosine-3'-diphosphate and 5'-diphosphate-guanosine-3'-diphosphate (collectively (p)ppGpp) and generates global changes in gene expression and metabolism that enable bacteria to adapt to and survive these challenges. Borrelia burgdorferi encounters multiple stressors in its cycling between ticks and mammals that could trigger the stringent response. We have previously shown that the B. burgdorferi stringent response is mediated by a single enzyme, RelBbu, with both (p)ppGpp synthase and hydrolase activities, and that a B. burgdorferi 297 relBbu null deletion mutant was defective in adapting to …

A Quick Guide For Building A Successful Bioinformatics Community., Aidan Budd, Manuel Corpas, Michelle D Brazas, Jonathan C Fuller, Jeremy Goecks, Nicola J Mulder, Magali Michaut, B F Francis Ouellette, Aleksandra Pawlik, Niklas Blomberg

Computational Biology Institute

"Scientific community" refers to a group of people collaborating together on scientific-research-related activities who also share common goals, interests, and values. Such communities play a key role in many bioinformatics activities. Communities may be linked to a specific location or institute, or involve people working at many different institutions and locations. Education and training is typically an important component of these communities, providing a valuable context in which to develop skills and expertise, while also strengthening links and relationships within the community. Scientific communities facilitate: (i) the exchange and development of ideas and expertise; (ii) career development; (iii) coordinated funding …

Himmelfarb Headlines - February/March 2015, George Washington University, Himmelfarb Health Sciences Library

Himmelfarb Headlines (2009 - present)

News and information about Himmelfarb Health Sciences Library of interest to users. Includes articles on the Himmelfarb five year strategic plan, The Himmelfarb Art Show, and profiles on Gisela Butera and Matthew Mintz.

Ectoparasitism Shortens The Breeding Season In A Colonial Bird, Charles R. Brown, Mary Bomberger Brown

School of Natural Resources: Faculty Publications

When blood-feeding parasites increase seasonally, their deleterious effects may prevent some host species, especially those living in large groups where parasites are numerous, from reproducing later in the summer. Yet the role of parasites in regulating the length of a host’s breeding season—and thus the host’s opportunity for multiple brooding—has not been systematically investigated. The highly colonial cliff swallow (Petrochelidon pyrrhonota), a temperate-latitude migratory songbird in the western Great Plains, USA, typically has a relatively short (eight to nine week) breeding season, with birds rarely nesting late in the summer. Colonies at which ectoparasitic swallow bugs (Oeciacus vicarius) were experimentally …

Spirit, Breath, And Air, Chloe Crawford

Taproot: A Journal of Outdoor Education

Early settler views toward wilderness differed from Natives encountered in the New World. While Native Americans advocated balance and respect for their wilderness surroundings, European immigrants felt fear and repulsion toward it. However, their views on wilderness changed so much by the late 1800s that sanitariums were built in remote climates promoting outdoor air as a cure for the treatment of respiratory diseases. Just as the concept of wilderness emerged in opposition to civilization, fresh or pure air cannot be defined or appreciated until pollution takes hold. The success of climatic cures for respiratory disorders was pushed aside as western …

Department Of Surgery Update, February 2015, Wright State University Department Of Surgery

Department of Surgery Updates

A four page newsletter created by the Department of Surgery documenting changes to the department. This issue contains note about Margaret M. Dunn, M.D., being appointed dean of the Boonshoft School of medicine, a message from the chair, a list of important dates, a call for abstracts, scholarly activity and more.

Genome-Wide Comparison Of Pu.1 And Spi-B Binding Sites In A Mouse B Lymphoma Cell Line, Lauren A. Solomon, Stephen K. H. Li, Jan Piskorz, Li S. Xu, Rodney P. Dekoter

Microbiology & Immunology Publications

Background

Spi-B and PU.1 are highly related members of the E26-transformation-specific (ETS) family of transcription factors that have similar, but not identical, roles in B cell development. PU.1 and Spi-B are both expressed in B cells, and have been demonstrated to redundantly activate transcription of genes required for B cell differentiation and function. It was hypothesized that Spi-B and PU.1 occupy a similar set of regions within the genome of a B lymphoma cell line.

Results

To compare binding regions of Spi-B and PU.1, murine WEHI-279 lymphoma cells were infected with retroviral vectors encoding 3XFLAG-tagged PU.1 or Spi-B. Anti-FLAG chromatin …

Engaging Teenagers With Science Through Comics, Judy Diamond

Discipline-Based Education Research Group Speaker Series

Graphic novels or comics are powerful tools to motivate youth to become interested in science. Embedding science concepts into a story with graphics that appeal to teen culture makes abstract content approachable, stimulates youth interest, and promotes learning. This presentation will discuss the goals of the NIH‐funded World of Viruses and Biology of Human comic series and the research results that support using these approaches.

Long-Term Assessment Of Fatigue In Patients With Culture-Confirmed Lyme Disease, Gary P. Wormser, Erica Weitzner, Donna Mckenna, Robert B. Nadelman, Carol Scavarda, John Nowakowski

NYMC Faculty Publications

BACKGROUND: Fatigue is a common symptom with numerous causes. Severe fatigue is thought to be an important manifestation of post-treatment Lyme disease syndrome. The frequency with which severe fatigue occurs as a long-term sequela in prospectively followed patients with Lyme disease is unknown. METHODS: Patients with culture-confirmed Lyme disease who originally presented with erythema migrans have been evaluated annually in a prospective study to determine their long-term outcome. In 2011-2013, subjects were evaluated for fatigue using an 11-item Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS-11) that has been used in studies of post-treatment Lyme disease syndrome. An FSS-11 score of ≥4.0 is indicative …

Understanding Virginia’S Vulnerability To Climate Change, Tom Steinfeldt, Chris Coil, Hans-Peter Plag

MARI Documents

No abstract provided.