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How Probiotics And The Microbiome Will Change Medical Practice, Gregor Reid

Microbiology & Immunology Publications

No abstract provided.

Development Of Quantitative Tools For The Characterization And Analysis Of The Blood Brain Barrier In Normal And Mps Iiib Mice, Sara M. Rigney

Dissertations, Masters Theses, Capstones, and Culminating Projects

The Blood Brain Barrier (BBB) functions to control homeostasis within the central nervous system (CNS) via strict control over the passage of molecules into and out of the brain. The goal of this barrier is to protect the CNS from harmful external factors while allowing entry of essential nutrients and removal of metabolic byproducts. This restrictive nature of the BBB is due to the protein network at the borders of adjoining cerebral endothelial cells known as the tight junctions (TJs) and the relationship of other supporting cells and proteins such as astrocytes, pericytes, microglia, and the basement membrane and extracellular …

Executive Function And Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder In Ugandan Children With Perinatal Hiv Exposure, Matthew Burkey, Robert Opoka

Paediatrics and Child Health, East Africa

Background: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is among the most commonly diagnosed mental disorders in childhood and is associated with substantial deficits in executive functioning and lost academic and occupational attainment. This study evaluates symptoms of ADHD and their association with neurocognitive deficits in a cohort of rural Ugandan children who were born to HIV-infected mothers.

Methods: We assessed ADHD symptoms and executive function (including memory and attention) in a non-clinical sample of children born to HIV-infected mothers in rural eastern Uganda. Analyses included assessments of the psychometric properties, factor structure, and convergent and discriminant validity of the ADHD measure (ADHD-Rating Scale-IV); …

Bulletin Ninth District Ny May 2015

Bulletin of the Ninth District Dental Association

The Bulletin of the Ninth District Dental Association is published four times annually in the months of March, May, September and November. It is distributed to all Association members from the counties of Dutchess, Orange, Putnam, Rockland and Westchester in the state of New York.

The Bulletin keeps our members up-to-date on NDDA activities as well as on a variety of topics important to the profession.

Evaluation Of Tulane Virus As A Surrogate For The Study Of Human Norovirus, Sabastine Eugene Arthur

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Among all known causes of acute gastroenteritis, human noroviruses (HuNoV) are the primary cause (68%) of outbreaks and are associated with 78% of illnesses, 46% of hospitalizations, and 86% of deaths. The main obstacle to studying the pathogenesis of HuNoV is the lack of cell culture system and small animal model. Murine norovirus (MNV) and feline calicivirus (FCV) have been utilized as model surrogate viruses to study HuNoV. In this research, a more recent surrogate virus, Tulane virus (TV), was evaluated for physicochemical stability and environmental persistence. The primary goal was to determine the suitability of TV as a surrogate …

Prioritizing Interdictions On A Shortest Path Network, Hayden D. Summerhill

Industrial Engineering Undergraduate Honors Theses

We consider a variant to the shortest path network interdiction problem with symmetric information from Israeli and Wood (Networks 40, 97-111,2002) which arises in the context of nuclear smuggling prevention. In the basic shortest path interdiction problem, an interdictor has a limited number of interdictions with which he can lengthen arcs in a network in order to maximize the length of the network’s shortest path. This thesis considers the case in which the interdictor does not make all of the interdictions at once. Rather, the interdictor must make the interdictions over a set number of periods. Each period has a …

Radiolabelling And Pharmacokinetics Of Antibacterial Agents Using Positron Emission Tomography, Hui Wang

Stony Brook Theses and Dissertations Collection, 2006-2020 (closed to submissions)

Target tissue pharmacokinetics (PK) is the link between plasma PK and pharmacodynamic (PD) effects. Tissue PK can be determined noninvasively using positron emission tomography (PET), which images molecules labelled with positron emitting isotopes and is an important tool for studying drug action in animals and humans. In applying this technology to infectious diseases, we have synthesized several antibacterial agents and determined their biodistribution in models of Staphylococcus aureus and Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. Not only do these studies inform PK-PD relationships, but they also serve as the first steps in developing novel tracers for imaging bacterial infection in vivo. PT119 is …

Identification And Characterization Of Cholesterol Metabolism Related Genes And Gene Products From Mycobacterium Tuberculosis, Meng Yang

Stony Brook Theses and Dissertations Collection, 2006-2020 (closed to submissions)

Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), as an intracellular pathogen, preferentially respires on lipids when surviving in vivo. Cholesterol metabolism is important for Mtb’s persistence and virulence. We demonstrate through experiment and bioinformatic analysis the existence of an architecturally distinct subfamily of acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (ACAD) enzymes that are α2β2 heterotetramers with two active sites. These enzymes are encoded by two adjacent ACAD (fadE) genes that are regulated by cholesterol. Their structures and genomic locations suggest that the α2β2 heterotetrameric structural motif has evolved to enable catalysis of dehydrogenation of steroid- or polycyclic-CoA substrates and that they function in four sub-pathways of cholesterol metabolism. …

Examining The Relationship Between Childhood Victimization, Health Risk Behaviors, And Adult Physical Health Outcomes Among Women On Probation And Parole., Tanya R. Renn

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

This study aims to begin to identify and describe the pathways through which childhood victimization negatively affects adult physical health. In particular, the proposed research will examine the relationship among childhood victimization, health risk behaviors and adult physical health in a population of criminal justice involved women. Previous research has depicted a relationship between childhood victimization, and physical health outcomes, but there is scant research that examines why this relationship exist. Among the most frequent health risk behaviors are alcoholism, smoking, illicit drug use and sexual risk behaviors. Health risk behaviors are highly intertwined with the bio-psycho-social factors that result …

Implementation Of Break Time For Employee Nursing Mothers At The University Of Louisville : A Case Study., Robin Elise Weiss, 1971-

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

This dissertation is a mixed methods look at the barriers to successful implementation of the Break Time for Nursing Mothers provisions of the Affordable Care Act (ACA) at an upper southern-midwestern university. As public health and medical officials push the desire for an increase in breastfeeding initiation and duration, many mothers must overcome barriers within the employment arena. Previous work has failed to look at how the university setting presents unique challenges with a diverse workforce, varied jobs, and differing space availability. In other settings, barriers have been identified; the goal of this dissertation was to identify what the specific …

Simulation-Based Optimization Of Mitigation Strategies For Pandemic Influenza., Arsalan Paleshi

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Millions of people have been infected and died as results of influenza pandemics in human history. In order to prepare for these disasters, it is important to know how the disease spreads. Further, intervention strategies should be implemented during the pandemics to mitigate their ill effects. Knowledge of how these interventions will affect the pandemic course is paramount for decision makers. This study develops a simulation-based optimization model which aims at finding a combination of strategies that result in the best value for an objective function of defined metrics under a set of constraints. Also, a procedure is presented to …

Characterization Of The Innate Response To The Ragb Protein Of Porphyromonas Gingivalis., Justin Hutcherson

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

More than 64 million people in the US suffer from some form of periodontal disease. Periodontal diseases are bacterial infections of the hard and soft tissues surrounding the teeth which can lead to tooth loss. Periodontal tissue destruction is caused by inflammatory host-pathogen interactions. Porphyromonas gingivalis is a major causative agent of periodontal diseases and is a keystone periodontal pathogen. The 55kDa immunodominant RagB outer membrane protein of P. gingivalis has been proposed to facilitate iron transport. However, potential interactions between RagB and the innate response have not been examined. RagB homologues in gut Bacteroidetes have been associated with inflammatory …

Critical Insights Into The Pathogenesis Of Clinical Isolates Of Pandemic Influenza A(H1n1) 2009 Virus In Mouse And Ferret Models., Jeremy V. Camp 1980-

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Influenza A virus (IAV) is a minus-sense, segmented, single-stranded RNA virus that infects the respiratory tract of humans and can cause severe illness. Novel IAV variants perpetually emerge on every continent, and the emergence of variants with increased transmissibility and/or pathogenesis in the human population is a serious concern for global public health. Infection with IAV typically causes an acute, self-limiting upper respiratory tract disease. However, severe IAV disease is characterized by infection of the lower respiratory tract which can lead to pneumonia and may result in the development of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Viral and host contributions to …

Early Host Response And Immune Signaling To 2009 Pandemic Influenza A (H1n1) Viruses In Primary Cell Culture Models., Rachael Lask Gerlach

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Influenza A virus (IAV) subtypes and even genotypes within subtypes can show differences in tropism (host, cell type), magnitude of infection, immune response and progression of illness. My dissertation focused on the development and use of two in vitro physiologically-relevant human cell culture models, well-differentiated normal human bronchial epithelial (wdNHBE) cells and human monocyte-derived macrophages (MDM) for the study of early IAV-host interactions. These models have given new insight into early host responses to seasonal H1N1 (BN59) and two pandemic A(H1N1)2009 viruses or H1N1pdm herein. The H1N1pdm are clinical isolates from a fatal (A/KY/180/10) and nonfatal (A/KY/136/09) case. In the …

Effect Of A Trace Mineral Injection On Beef Cattle Performance, Carmen J. Brasche

Department of Animal Science: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

Adequate trace mineral status is important in beef cow/calf and replacement heifer systems because trace minerals play vital roles in reproduction, immunity and growth. Many experiments have investigated the use of a trace mineral injection containing Cu, Mn, Se and Zn (TMI) on growth and immunity of beef cattle. However, very few have investigated TMI use on reproductive performance. Therefore, five experiments, a two year cow/calf experiment, and four replacement heifer experiments were designed to investigate the use of a TMI on reproductive performance of cows and heifers, calf growth and trace mineral status of cows, heifers, and calves. The …

Why "Live-And-Let-Live" Is Not A Viable Solution To The Difficult Problems Of Religious Accommodation In The Age Of Sexual Civil Rights, Mary Anne Case

Articles

No abstract provided.

On The Role Of Immature Myeloid Cells In The Host Response To Salmonella Infection, Jason Wayne Tam

Stony Brook Theses and Dissertations Collection, 2006-2020 (closed to submissions)

Immature myeloid cells in the bone marrow are a heterogeneous population of cells that, under normal conditions, provide tissues with protective cell types such as granulocytes, dendritic cells, and macrophages. Under certain pathological conditions, myeloid cell homeostasis is altered and immature forms of these cells appear in significant numbers in tissues. Murine immature myeloid cells that express CD11b and Ly6C or Ly6G have been associated with immunosuppression in cancer and, more recently, infection. Using a murine model of persistent salmonellosis, we found that CD11b+Ly6ChiLy6G- mononuclear and CD11b+ Ly6Cint Ly6G+ polymorphonuclear cells accumulate and persist in tissues of mice infected with …

Use Of Endocrine And Immune Responses As Predictors Of Bull Sperm Motility, Lydia Mitchener

Animal Science Undergraduate Honors Theses

Research has shown that immune cells increased from an immune response, and endocrine concentrations directly affect sperm characteristics (Jones and Mann, 1976; Hansson et al., 1989; Grattan et al., 2007). Previous findings show a negative relationship between leukocytes and sperm function (Jones and Mann, 1976) and prolactin and fertility (Grattan et al., 2007). On the other hand, research has shown a positive relationship between insulin-like growth factor (IGF) and sperm characteristics (Hansson et al., 1989). The objective of this study is to identify biomarkers for yearling bull sperm associated with endocrine response and activation of the immune system. Seventeen Brahman-influenced …

Social Determinants Of Pneumococcal And Influenza Immunzation Rates Of Nursing Home And Homes For The Aged Residents In Kalamazoo And Calhoun Counties, Michigan: Role Of Race And Segragation, Cynthia Schauer

Student Projects for Graduate Degrees

The disparity in health outcomes between African Americans and Caucasians continues to exist (US ACMH, 2009) despite public policy that promotes equity (US DHHS, 2012). Data suggests African Americans over age 65 living in institutions are less likely to receive flu and pneumonia vaccinations (US DHHS, 2013; US DHHS, 2012) and more likely to live in segregated housing (Smith, Feng, Fennel, Zinn, & Mor, 2007). This project collected data on the local level to determine the degree of impact of low vaccination rates and segregated housing on African Americans in Southwest Michigan. Data regarding flu and pneumonia immunization status was …

Cell Signaling Events Differentiate Er-Negative Subtypes From Er-Positive Breast Cancer, Maria Worsham, Dhananjay A. Chitale, Kang-Mei Chen, Indrani Datta, George Divine

Otolaryngology Articles

Currently available markers routinely used in clinical practice are of limited value to patients with estrogen receptor-negative (ER(-)) breast cancer [basal-like and HER2neu-positive (HER(+))], an aggressive subtype. Our aim was to uncover molecular pathways and signaling networks exposed by differentially methylated genes informative of the biology of ER(-) breast cancer (BC) subtypes versus ER-positive (ER(+)). Whole-genome methylation array analysis was carried out using the Illumina Infinium HumanMethylation27 BeadChip on 14 primary BC: five ER(+), four triple-negative (TNBC), and five ER(-)HER2(+). Degree of methylation was calculated as a β-value (ranging from 0 to 1), and M-values [log (β/(1 - β)] were …

Flight Physician - May, 2015, Civil Aviation Medical Association

Browse all Civil Aviation Medical Association Newsletters

A seventeen page newsletter of the Civil Aviation Medical Association. The newsletter provided news about civil aviation medicine and information related to the organization.

Undergraduate And Graduate Course Descriptions, 2015 Summer, Wright State University

Course Descriptions

Wright State University undergraduate and graduate course descriptions from Summer 2015.

Extract Of Scutellaria Baicalensis Inhibits Dengue Virus Replication, Keivan Zandi, Tong Hye Lim, Nor Aziyah Rahim, Meng Hooi Shu, Boon Teong Teoh, Sing Sin Sam, Mohammed Bashar Danlami, Kim Kee Tan, Sazaly Abubakar

Research Publications (2011 to 2015)

Scutellaria baicalensis (S. baicalensis) is one of the traditional Chinese medicinal herbs that have been shown to possess many health benefits. In the present study, we evaluated the in vitro antiviral activity of aqueous extract of the roots of S. baicalensis against all the four dengue virus (DENV) serotypes.Aqueous extract of S. baicalensis was prepared by microwave energy steam evaporation method (MEGHE™), and the anti-dengue virus replication activity was evaluated using the foci forming unit reduction assay (FFURA) in Vero cells. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) assay was used to determine the actual dengue virus RNA copy number. The …

Pediapp Finder: Creating A Pediatric Application Database, Sara Pro, Adrianne Leblanc, April Wasjutin, Robert Williams

Dissertations, Masters Theses, Capstones, and Culminating Projects

It is estimated that of the 85% of Americans that own cell phones, over half of these cell phone owners use apps on their phone (Fox & Duggan, 2012; Purcell, 2011). According to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (2013), by 2015, 500 million mobile device users will be using mobile health, or “m-Health” apps. Healthcare professionals are increasingly adopting mobile technology as an innovative, cost-efficient, and timesaving tool that may promote patient wellness and disease prevention (Kumar, 2013; mHealth Bible, 2013). Although mobile technology is a natural fit to the field of occupational therapy, research demonstrates that few resources …

A Multilaboratory Comparison Of Calibration Accuracy And The Performance Of External References In Analytical Ultracentrifugation, Huaying Zhao, Rodolfo Ghirlando, Carlos Alfonso, Fumio Arisaka, Ilan Attali, David L. Bain, Et Al. ..., Donald F. Becker, Peter Schuck

Department of Biochemistry: Faculty Publications

Analytical ultracentrifugation (AUC) is a first principles based method to determine absolute sedimentation coefficients and buoyant molar masses of macromolecules and their complexes, reporting on their size and shape in free solution. The purpose of this multi-laboratory study was to establish the precision and accuracy of basic data dimensions in AUC and validate previously proposed calibration techniques. Three kits of AUC cell assemblies containing radial and temperature calibration tools and a bovine serum albumin (BSA) reference sample were shared among 67 laboratories, generating 129 comprehensive data sets. These allowed for an assessment of many parameters of instrument performance, including accuracy …

A Novel Family Of Major Histocompatibility Complex Class I Genes In Marsupials And Monotremes, Katina Krasnec

Biology ETDs

The Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) class I family of genes encode for molecules that have well-conserved structures, but have evolved to perform a diverse functions. The availability of an opossum genome from the grey, short-tailed opossum, Monodelphis domestica, has allowed for analysis of MHC class I genes in a marsupial. Traditional methods for gene discovery uncovered 13 MHC class I genes in the opossum. Utilization of a novel method to search for MHC domain structures discovered a family of 17 novel MHC class I genes. These genes, named ModoUT1-17, were located in a cluster on chromosome 1, unlinked to the …

Too Wet For Frogs, Too Dry For Lizards: Role Of Changing Precipitation On Tropical Frogs And Arid Lizards, Mason J. Ryan

Biology ETDs

During the course of the Anthropocene, humans have modified the landscape and atmosphere resulting in increased global temperatures and intensification of the hydrologic cycle over the last 100 years. Amphibians and reptiles are especially vulnerable to climate change because of their ectothermic physiology and sensitivity to changes in water availability. The role of moisture or precipitation in ectotherm responses to climate change has not been well studied, but moisture plays a vital role in all aspects of the lives of lizards and frogs. It is exceedingly difficult to study the ecological effects of changing precipitation patterns due the stochastic nature …

Characterization Of Ubiquitination Site Of Inducible Camp Early Repressor, Fanaye Woldeamanuel

Theses, Dissertations and Culminating Projects

Inducible cAMP Early Repressor (ICER) is a negative transcriptional regulator found in eukaryotic cells. ICER has a tumor suppressive activity and is absent in several human cancers. Cancer cells get rid of ICER by a post-translational modification known as ubiquitination. Ubiquitin molecules, which are very small regulatory proteins, attach to lysine residues of a target protein to induce either a proteolytic or a non-proteolytic pathway. Both pathways target ICER levels inside the nucleus. In the case of the proteolytic pathway, ICER gets sent to the proteasome where it gets degraded and in the non-proteolytic pathway, ICER gets sent to the …

Synthesis, Functionalization, And Characterization Of Metallic And Organic Nanoparticles For Biomedical Applications, Christopher Brian Sylvester

Honors Capstones

No abstract provided.

Off-Label Promotion, The First Amendment, And Practically Addressing Antibiotic Resistance, Erin Lamontagne

California Western Law Review

No abstract provided.