Digital Commons Network^™

The Law Of Police, Richard H. Mcadams, Dhammika Dharmapala, Nuno Garoupa

Faculty Scholarship

Some Fourth Amendment doctrines distinguish between searches executed by police and others, being more demanding of the former. We explore these distinctions by offering a simple theory for how "police are different," focusing on self-selection. Those most attracted to the job of policing include those who feel the most intrinsic satisfaction from facilitating the punishment of wrongdoers. Thus, we expect police to have more intensely punitive preferences, on average, than the public or other governmental actors. Some experimental evidence supports this prediction. In turn, stronger punishment preferences logically lower one's threshold of doubt --the perceived probability of guilt at which …

Residual Dentin Thickness Of The Danger Zone In Mandibular Molar With Variable Sizes Of Nickel-Titanium Rotary Instruments, Andrew Y. Xu

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

Introduction: Mechanical cleaning and shaping is an important component to the long term success of endodontic therapy. A larger diameter canal preparation allows for more penetration of antimicrobial solutions into the root canal system with resultant improved disinfection. The objective of this study was to determine the residual dentin thickness (RDT) of the distal wall of mandibular mesial roots after mechanical preparation by using 4% constant tapered Nickel-Titanium rotary (NTR) files with various tip sizes as evaluated utilizing microcomputed tomography (microCT).;Methods: Twenty-five mandibular molars were mounted at the cemento-enamel junction (CEJ) in modified polypropylene 50 ml centrifuge tubes using a …

Demographic Profile Of The “Farmworker Population” In The United States, Carlos Siordia, Athena Ramos

Reports: Health Promotion, Social & Behavioral Health

The health and economic well-being of farmworkers has been investigated by social scientists for many decades [1,2,3]. General research on occupational safety and farmworker justice has also been developed more recently [4]. Because Hispanics/Latinos are commonly associated with farmworker occupations, especially migrant farm work, research has paid special attention to their population [5]. For example, researchers have investigated the health of Latina farmworkers [6], injury in youth from Latino farmworker families [7], and learning ability amongst Latino farmworkers [8]. However, Latinos only make up about half of the “farmworker population” is the United States (US). The specific aim of this …

Avoidance Of Token-Loss By Pigeons, James E. Cook

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)

The response-dependent delivery and removal of tokens can reinforce and punish the responding of humans and nonhuman animals. The responding of humans can be maintained by the avoidance of token-losses, but this has not been demonstrated with nonhuman animals. Across three experiments, it was demonstrated that the responding of pigeons could be maintained in a token-loss avoidance arrangement. Tokens were delivered response-independently at the beginning of a token-loss avoidance period. Tokens were scheduled to be removed on a variable-cycle schedule. Responding canceled scheduled token-losses. Those tokens that remained were exchangeable for food during programmed exchange periods. Several parameters of the …

Motor-Skill Learning Is Dependent On Astrocytic Activity., Ragunathan Padmashri, Anand Suresh, Michael D. Boska, Anna Dunaevsky

Journal Articles: Munroe-Meyer Institute

Motor-skill learning induces changes in synaptic structure and function in the primary motor cortex through the involvement of a long-term potentiation- (LTP-) like mechanism. Although there is evidence that calcium-dependent release of gliotransmitters by astrocytes plays an important role in synaptic transmission and plasticity, the role of astrocytes in motor-skill learning is not known. To test the hypothesis that astrocytic activity is necessary for motor-skill learning, we perturbed astrocytic function using pharmacological and genetic approaches. We find that perturbation of astrocytes either by selectively attenuating IP3R2 mediated astrocyte Ca(2+) signaling or using an astrocyte specific metabolic inhibitor fluorocitrate (FC) results …

National Institutes Of Health Stroke Scale (Nihss) And Tissue Plasminogen (Tpa) Education For All Critical Care Nurses, Cheriese Rawlins

All Publications

No abstract provided.

Evaluation Of Candidemia Prevalence And Treatment Cost Comparison In A Community-Based Hospital, Bertha P. Rojas, Claudia Chang, Frances Ordieres Gonzalez

All Publications

Title: Evaluation of candidemia prevalence and treatment cost comparison in a community-based hospital

Purpose: Candidemia is among the most common causes of nosocomial bloodstream infections in U.S. patients. It has been associated with high mortality rates and increased costs of care and duration of hospitalizations. The objective of this study is to evaluate the prevalence of candidemia in patients with risk factors as per the 2009 Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) guidelines, to assess the appropriateness of therapy in patients with candidemia, and to compare the cost of fluconazole versus micafungin at initiation of therapy in our institution.

Methods: …

Discharge Alternative Non-Urgent Care Education (D.A.N.C.E.) Protocol: Addressing Emergency Department Misuse, Samantha Leon

All Publications

Background: The misuse of the Emergency Department (ED) creates a substantial problem for the health care system, generating gaps in continuity of care, leaving little room for preventative care, and forcing a financial strain on the system. An increasing number of patients are using hospital EDs for non-urgent care despite the availability of alternative care sites such as retail clinics (RCs) and urgent care centers (UCCs).

Purpose: The project’s aim was to educate patients who utilize ED services as a source of care for non-urgent complaints with the use of the D.A.N.C.E. protocol. Enhancing the public’s knowledge of …

Europe's Legalization Of Member States' Gmo Bans And Its Impact On The French Mon810 Stalemate, Patricia B. Robbins

Law Student Scholarship

No abstract provided.

Does Animal Welfare Trump Religious Liberty? The Danish Ban On Kosher And Halal Butchering, R J. Delahunty

San Diego International Law Journal

Western European governments since the eighteenth century Enlightenment have frequently enacted laws and regulations that have adverse effects (sometimes intended) on traditional Jewish ritual practices, including Sabbath observance, dress, and dietary practices. Regulations of the latter kind have often been adopted in the name of sparing animals from the purportedly cruel and inhumane methods used in the Jewish ritual slaughtering of cattle. Last year, the Danish Ministry of Food and Agriculture issued regulations that require the stunning of cattle before they can be slaughtered. Defended on the grounds of animal welfare, the regulations had the foreseen effect of precluding the …

“Online Pharmacy Regulation: How The Ryan Haight Online Pharmacy Consumer Protection Act Can Help Solve An International Problem”, Bob Schultz

San Diego International Law Journal

There is an unaddressed anomaly with respect to regulating online pharmacies when compared with traditional pharmacies. Online pharmacies serve the same ends as traditional brick and mortar pharmacies, i.e., to bring medication to consumers as a part of a profitable business. The raison d’étre of traditional pharmacy regulation—to protect consumers —should logically apply to online sources of the same inherently dangerous pharmaceuticals. However, traditional pharmacies are regulated, while online pharmacies have long eluded effective regulation and now constitute a lawless source of purchase and abuse that is far from real physician control, effective standards, or accountability....
This Comment will establish …

Regulating Access To Traditional Knowledge And Genetic Resources: The Disclosure Requirement As A Strategy To Combat Biopiracy, Paul Kuruk

San Diego International Law Journal

The objective of this Article is to examine the disclosure requirement as a measure to enhance the protection of traditional knowledge and genetic resources. Section Two illustrates the negative effects of biopiracy drawing on selected cases from Africa, India and the Americas while Section Three describes the international regime governing access to genetic resources and related traditional knowledge including rules on prior informed consent, mutually agreed terms and the fair and equitable sharing of benefits. Section Four traces the evolution of the obligation to disclose from provisions in national model laws and a draft treaty on folklore prepared by WIPO, …

A Bridge To Truth: The Life Of Glenda Wildschut Of South Africa, Maggie Thach Morshed

Kroc IPJ Research and Resources

In the following pages, you will find narrative stories about a Woman PeaceMaker, along with additional information to provide a deep understanding of a contemporary conflict and one person’s journey within it. These complementary components include a brief biography of the peacemaker, a historical summary of the conflict, a timeline integrating political developments in the country with personal history of the peacemaker, a question-and-answer transcript of select interviews, and a table of best practices in peacebuilding as demonstrated and reflected on by the peacemaker during her time at the Kroc Institute for Peace and Justice.

Glenda Wildschut is a South …

Performing Politics, Troy R.E. Paddock

Contemporary Aesthetics (Journal Archive)

Walter Benjamin’s observation that fascism turns politics into aesthetics is, by now, a well-worn idea. This article argues that Benjamin’s critique of politics can apply just as much to the modern democratic politics of the United States. Borrowing from Benjamin, Jürgen Habermas, and Carl Schmitt, this article suggests that modern political discourse in the United States does not follow the classical liberal ideal of rational discourse in the marketplace of ideas within the public sphere. Instead, contemporary politics has become spectacle where images and slogans replace thought and debate in a 24/7 news cycle and political infotainment programs. The result …

Motivation For Seeking A Nurse Manager Position: A Qualitative Study, Judy L. Jarnigan White

Dissertations

By the year 2020, it is estimated there will be a need for 3.45 million bedside nurses – at least 1.2 million more than the projected supply (American Association of Colleges of Nursing [AACN], 2011). In addition to the lack of bedside nurses, nurse manager vacancy rates are estimated to be as high as 8.3% nationwide. There is limited empirical data available on a nurse’s motivation to choose a nurse manager role. This qualitative research study’s purpose was to explore the factors influencing nurses’ motivation to seek a nurse manager role and to articulate a grounded theory of decision-making. The …

Hope, Uncertainty, And Coping Among Parents Of Children With Cancer, Christine Ann Sloan

Dissertations

No abstract provided.

Investigating Anhedonia In A Non-Conventional Species: Do Some Riding Horses Equus Caballus Display Symptoms Of Depression?, C Fureix, C Beaulieu, S Argaud, C Rochais, Et Al

School of Biological and Marine Sciences

Investigating depression-like conditions in animals is methodologically challenging, but potentially important for welfare. Some riding horses display ‘withdrawn’ states of inactivity and low responsiveness that resemble the reduced engagement with the environment shown by certain depressed patients. To assess whether these animals are experiencing a depression-like state, we investigated anhedonia – the loss of pleasure, a key symptom of human depression – in 20 withdrawn and non-withdrawn horses from the same stable. The time horses spent being withdrawn appeared unrelated to age or sex, but correlated with time devoted to stereotypic behaviour, a possible marker of lifetime stress. Comparison with …

Mncs And Csr Engagement In Asia: A Dialectical Model, Angela Ka Ying Mak, Suwichit Chaidaroon, Augustine Pang

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

Using the Circuit of Culture as a guiding framework, this study highlighted how MNCs in Asian developing countries engage and negotiate with local stakeholders as they implement their CSR initiatives. Twenty-one qualitative semi-structured interviews were conducted with PR practitioners responsible for CSR projects in Asia. Thematic analysis was used to identify themes related to the framework elements. Results demonstrated how MNCs practice CSR in Asia through the five moments (identity, regulations, production, representations, and consumption). MNCs faced a number of dialectical tensions (e.g. following the country's laws, lack of CSR comprehension among employees, and resistance from the stakeholders). Effective strategies …

Corporate Social Performance, Analyst Stock Recommendations, And Firm Future Returns, Xueming Luo, Heli Wang, Sascha Raithel, Qinqin Zheng

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

This study posits that security analysts heed corporate social performance information and factor it into their recommendations to general investors. In particular, as corporate social performance is often uncertain and ambiguous to general investors, analysts may serve as the informational pathway connecting corporate social performance to firm stock returns. Thus, we argue that analyst recommendations mediate the relationship between corporate social performance and firm stock returns. On the basis of not only a qualitative study with literature searches and interviews of stock analysts but also a quantitative study with two longitudinal samples of large firms, we find support for these …

Knowing And Teaching: The Impact Of Teachers’ Knowledge On Students’ Early Literacy Achievement, Janet Hunter

Theses: Doctorates and Masters

Children in rural and remote schools typically underperform in measures of literacy achievement (e.g., NAPLAN) from as early as year three. Data collected over time indicate that as children get older, the gap increases between those students who meet the national benchmarks and those who do not. Additionally, Indigenous children are overrepresented in this group of students who are underperforming in measures of literacy achievement. This study seeks to explore the conditions surrounding this phenomenon and to tease out the complexities present in rural and remote contexts that might contribute to this underachievement.

One remote and six remote‐rural schools in …

Aboriginal Perspectives About Child Sexual Abuse: Informing The Cultural Dimension In Sex Offending Theories For Use With Aboriginal Offenders, Victoria Elizabeth Hovane

Theses: Doctorates and Masters

Child sexual abuse (CSA) and its consequences constitute a serious social issue in Aboriginal and other communities throughout the world. As a result, a number of influential psychological theories about sexual offending have been developed. These theories suggest that the early socialisation and developmental experiences of offenders are implicated in the onset, development and maintenance of sexual offending behaviour. While these theories suggest that culture is important for understanding such behaviour, their specific role has largely been ignored in the literature. Given the paucity of research in this area the aim of this study was to understand the perspectives of …

Compelling Interests And Contraception, Neil S. Siegel, Reva B. Siegel

Faculty Scholarship

On the eve of Griswold v. Connecticut’s fiftieth anniversary, employers are bringing challenges under the Religious Freedom Restoration Act (RFRA) to federal laws requiring them to include contraception in the health insurance benefits that they offer their employees. In Burwell v. Hobby Lobby Stores, five Justices asserted that the government has compelling interests in ensuring employees access to contraception, but did not discuss those interests in any detail. In what follows, we clarify those interests by connecting discussion in the Hobby Lobby opinions and the federal government’s briefs to related cases on compelling interests and individual rights in the areas …

Pharmaceutical Patents And The Human Right To Health: The Contested Evolution Of The Transnational Legal Order On Access To Medicines, Laurence R. Helfer

Faculty Scholarship

Disputes over the regulation of access to medicines are occurring in multiple transnational, national, and local venues. Competing groups of states and non-state actors shift horizontally and vertically among these forums in an effort to develop competing legal rules over the propriety of granting intellectual property (IP) protection to newly developed life-saving drugs. This chapter applies the framework of Transnational Legal Orders (Terence C. Halliday & Gregory Shaffer, eds. 2015) to explain the origins of these controversies and their consequences. The chapter argues that the current state of affairs arose from a clash between two previously discrete TLOs—one relating to …

Could Data Broker Information Threaten Physician Prescribing And Professional Behavior?, Marco D. Huesch, Michael K. Ong, Barak D. Richman

Faculty Scholarship

Privacy is threatened by the extent of data collected and sold by consumer data brokers. Physicians, as individual consumers, leave a ‘data trail’ in the offline (e.g. through traditional shopping) and online worlds (e.g. through online purchases and use of social media). Such data could easily and legally be used without a physician’s knowledge or consent to influence prescribing practices or other physician professional behavior. We sought to determine the extent to which such consumer data was available on a sample of more than 3,000 physicians, healthcare faculty and healthcare system staff at one university’s health units. Using just work …

The Uneasy And Often Unhelpful Interaction Of Tort Law And Constitutional Law In First Amendment Litigation, George C. Christie

Faculty Scholarship

There are increasing tensions between the First Amendment and the common law torts of intentional infliction of emotional distress, defamation, and privacy. This Article discusses the conflicting interactions among the three models that are competing for primacy as the tort law governing expressive activities evolves to accommodate the requirements of the First Amendment. At one extreme there is the model that expression containing information which has been lawfully obtained that contains neither intentional falsehoods nor incitements to immediate violence can only be sanctioned in narrowly defined exceptional circumstances, even if that expression involves matters that are universally regarded as being …

The Corporate Criminal As Scapegoat, Brandon L. Garrett

Faculty Scholarship

A corporation is no scapegoat, assures the Department of Justice, because the first priority is to prosecute culpable individuals and not artificial entities. Yet, as I document in this empirical study, far more often than not, when the largest corporations settle federal criminal cases, no individuals are charged. High profile failures to prosecute executives in the wake of the Global Financial Crisis have only made the problem more urgent. The corporation appears to be a kind of a scapegoat: impossible to physically jail, but capable of receiving blame and punishment while individual culprits go free. In this Article, I develop …

The Research Circle - A Place For Interdisciplinary Learning, Sharing And Networking To Develop Facilitators Of Evidence-Based Practice, Martina Ingeborg Reinhold, Sango Otieno

Internet Journal of Allied Health Sciences and Practice

Health Professional programs incorporate the principles and methods of clinical research and evidence based medicine (EBM) into their curriculum to encourage evidence based practice in health care. However, many faculty that join health profession programs do so after having worked in clinical practice for some time with limited experience in clinical research and EBM making successful guidance of students difficult for some. This study describes implementation of the Research Circle at Grand Valley State University, where faculty from diverse disciplines such as physician assistant, physical therapy, occupational therapy, speech pathology, radiology, and dietetics came together to share and learn basic …

The Effect Of Holographic Wristbands On Proprioception, Tyler A. Dexter, Valerie W. Herzog, Ericka P. Zimmerman

Internet Journal of Allied Health Sciences and Practice

Context: Wearing wristbands embedded with holograms at certain frequencies are believed to increase proprioception. There has been very little research to determine if holographic wristbands have any physiological effect on the body. Objective: To determine if the holograms embedded in the wristbands will improve proprioception during a single leg stance test on the dominant foot. Design and Setting: Controlled Athletic Training laboratory study. Participants: Twenty-four healthy college students of different activity levels (7 men, 17 women; age = 22.6 ± 1.2 years, height = 170.18 ± 12.10 cm, mass = 69.51 ± 15.63 kg) without any lower extremity injuries in …

Best Practices For Online Teaching And Learning In Health Care Related Programs, Tamara Pinchevsky-Font, Sandra Dunbar

Internet Journal of Allied Health Sciences and Practice

Online learning is a significant aspect of higher education today, with an ever increasing number of programs offering distance education. The evidence related to online teaching and learning best practice has grown significantly within the last decade. It is important for health care educators who are involved with web-based courses to be immersed in the evidence available to date, as we seek to provide sound andragogy in formulating and implementing online programs. This document will explore key evidence related to three different aspects of online teaching and learning. Application of teaching/learning theories and recommendations for best practices in this arena …

Occupational Stress For Athletic Training Program Directors, Suzette Nynas, Carrie B. Myers

Internet Journal of Allied Health Sciences and Practice

The roles and responsibilities for program directors of professional educational programs are numerous. The purpose of this study was to investigate how multiplicity of roles and responsibilities influence occupational stress. Role theory was the theoretical framework to organize the research and to investigate the influence of multiple roles and responsibilities on occupational stress of Athletic Training Program Directors (ATPDs). This mixed methods study investigated which occupational roles and responsibilities contributed to the greatest amount of occupational stress for ATPDs. All ATPDs from the Commission on Accreditation for Athletic Training Education (CAATE) accredited programs were invited to participate in an online …