Digital Commons Network^™

Nicotine-Induced Effects On Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors (Nachrs), Ca2+ And Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (Bdnf) In Stc-1 Cells, Jie Qian, Shobha K. Mummalaneni, Reem M. Alkahtan, Sunila Mahavadi, Karnam S. Murthy, John R. Grider, Vijay Lyall

Physiology and Biophysics Publications and Presentations

In addition to the T2R bitter taste receptors, neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) have recently been shown to be involved in the bitter taste transduction of nicotine, acetylcholine and ethanol. However, at present it is not clear if nAChRs are expressed in enteroendocrine cells other than beta cells of the pancreas and enterochromaffin cells, and if they play a role in the synthesis and release of neurohumoral peptides. Accordingly, we investigated the expression and functional role of nAChRs in enteroendocrine STC-1 cells. Our studies using RT-PCR, qRT-PCR, immunohistochemical and Western blotting techniques demonstrate that STC-1 cells express several α and …

Examining The Americans With Disabilities Act's Reassignment Provision Through An Equal Protection Lens, Danielle Bogaards

UC Law Constitutional Quarterly

Disabled employees were given equal protection rights when Congress acted under Section 5 of the Fourteenth Amendment to enact the Americans with Disabilities Act ("ADA"). This note begins by analyzing the ADA's reassignment provision, which is triggered when a current employee becomes disabled and can no longer perform the essential tasks of his or her current position. The ADA considers various forms of accommodations the employer may provide; yet circuit courts are split when faced with application of the ADA's reassignment provision because it is often used as a last resort before termination. More specifically, when an employer has a …

Participation And The Poor: Social Accountability Institutions And Poverty Reduction In Brazil, Michael Touchton, Brian Wampler, Natasha Borges Sugiyama

Political Science Faculty Publications and Presentations

Democracy, according to a large body of research, contributes to human development by improving citizens' lives (Prezeworkski et al. 2000; Gerrign et al. 2012; McGuire 2010; Baum and Lake 2003; Gerring et al. 2015). Broad evidence demonstrates that democracies provide higher standards of living, on average, for their citizens than authoritarian countries (Boix 2001; Brown and Hunter 2004; Brown and Mobarak 2009; Besley and Kudamatsu 2006; Lake and Baum 2001). But what is it about democratic practice that enhances the quality of its citizens' lives? Proponents argue that democratic practices such as competitive elections, checks and balances, and protection of …

The Construction And Validation Of An Instructor Learning Analytics Implementation Model To Support At-Risk Students, Holly M. Mckee

CCAC Theses and Dissertations

With the widespread use of learning analytics tools, there is a need to explore how these technologies can be used to enhance teaching and learning. Little research has been conducted on what human processes are necessary to facilitate meaningful adoption of learning analytics. The research problem is that there is a lack of evidence-based guidance on how instructors can effectively implement learning analytics to support academically at-risk students with the purpose of improving learning outcomes. The goal was to develop and validate a model to guide instructors in the implementation of learning analytics tools to support academically at-risk students with …

Making Ends Meet: Using A Market-Based Approach To Incentivize Foreign Vessels To Comply With The Air Emission Standards Of Marpol Annex Vi, Xiaoxin Shi

Penn State Journal of Law & International Affairs (2012 - Present)

No abstract provided.

Judicial Implementation Of South Africa’S New Business Rescue Model: A Preliminary Assessment, Patrick C. Osode

Penn State Journal of Law & International Affairs (2012 - Present)

No abstract provided.

The Colombian Simplified Corporation: An Empirical Analysis Of A Success Story In Corporate Law Reform, Francisco Reyes

Penn State Journal of Law & International Affairs (2012 - Present)

No abstract provided.

Party Autonomy And Consumer Arbitration In Conflict: A “Trojan Horse” In The Access To Justice In The E.U. Adr-Directive 2013/11?, Norbert Reich

Penn State Journal of Law & International Affairs (2012 - Present)

Arbitration clauses in consumer contracts have been subject to controversy in many jurisdictions; recent U.S. and Canadian Supreme Court case law have been used as examples. European Union (E.U.) law, which originally excluded arbitration in general from the Brussels/Rome regimes, has recently taken a mixed, and to some extent limited, approach by including Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) entities “imposing” a solution in its recent ADR Directive 2013/11. There seems to be an indirect encouragement to develop consumer arbitration schemes in E.U. Member States as a second route to justice. It is too early to evaluate this new and somewhat clandestine …

On The Intellectual History Of Freedom Of Contract And Regulation, Hans-W. Micklitz

Penn State Journal of Law & International Affairs (2012 - Present)

No abstract provided.

Seventeenth Biennial Meeting Of The International Academy Of Commercial And Consumer Law

Penn State Journal of Law & International Affairs (2012 - Present)

No abstract provided.

Sugar In School Breakfasts: A School District's Perspective, Jennifer G. Lengyel Ms, Rdn, Ld, Nan Cramer Rdn, Ld, Amanda Oceguera Ms, Rdn, Ld, Lana Pigao Ma, Houston Independent School District, Nutrition Services Department

Journal of Applied Research on Children: Informing Policy for Children at Risk

A recent series of emails and phone calls from parents concerned about the sugar content of Houston Independent School District’s school breakfasts revealed that a new issue had risen to the surface. This prompted us to look closely at the sugar content of our breakfast items. School districts participating in the National School Breakfast Program follow a strict set of nutritional regulations set forth by the USDA under the Healthy Hunger Free Kids Act (HHFKA) of 2010 in response to the childhood obesity epidemic. HHFKA made significant changes to the breakfast meal pattern, but did not set standards for the …

A Cross-Sectional Exploration Of Food Security, Depression, And Chaos In Low-Income Households With Children, Courtney A. Pinard, Eric E. Calloway, Hollyanne E. Fricke, Amy L. Yaroch

Journal of Applied Research on Children: Informing Policy for Children at Risk

Depression has been linked to food security, particularly among low-income mothers. However, less is known about the relationship between CHAOS (Confusion, Hubbub, and Order Scale), a measure of family functioning such as timeliness and order, and varying levels food security. The purpose of this paper was to evaluate the relationship between depression, CHAOS, and sociodemographics on the level of food insecurity in a cross-sectional sample of low-income households with children, ages 0-18 years.

Participants were recruited from low-income communities in a medium sized Midwestern city in the United States. Eligible participants were ≥19 years of age, a parent or primary …

Monthly Snap Benefit Duration And Its Association With Food Security, Hunger-Coping, And Physiological Hunger Symptoms Among Low-Income Families, Eric E. Calloway, Hollyanne E. Fricke, Courtney A. Pinard, Teresa M. Smith, Amy L. Yaroch

Journal of Applied Research on Children: Informing Policy for Children at Risk

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to examine relationships between monthly Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) benefit duration (i.e., the number of weeks each month a participants’ SNAP benefits provide food), and five primary outcome variables: food security, three hunger-coping behavior scales (rationing food supplies, financial strategies, making trade-offs), and physiological hunger symptoms, among a sample of families with children 0-18 years currently receiving SNAP benefits.

Methods

Baseline survey data were collected as part of a community-based intervention to alleviate child hunger. Participants included in the analytic sample were current SNAP recipients, parents (or caregivers), and 19 years of …

Food Matters: Food Insecurity Among Pregnant Adolescents And Infant Birth Outcomes, Stephanie A. Grilo, Valerie A. Earnshaw, Jessica B. Lewis, Emily C. Stasko, Urania Magriples, Jonathan Tobin, Jeannette R. Ickovics

Journal of Applied Research on Children: Informing Policy for Children at Risk

Objectives: The objectives of this study are to: (1) document prevalence of food insecurity among pregnant adolescents; (2) determine if food insecurity is associated with adverse birth outcomes (i.e., lower birth weight, earlier gestational age) among their newborns; and (3) examine whether depressive symptoms, anxiety, nutrition and/or weight gain mediate these associations.

Methods: Pregnant adolescents (14-21 years old; N-881) in prenatal care at community hospitals and health centers in New York City completed a health and psychosocial survey during second and third trimesters of pregnancy. Birth weight and gestational age were recorded from medical records.

Results: Over one-half of the …

Trends In Household And Child Food Insecurity Among Families With Young Children From 2007 To 2013, Allison R. Bovell, Stephanie Ettinger De Cuba, Patrick H. Casey, Sharon Coleman, John T. Cook, Diana Cutts, Timothy C. Heeren, Alan Meyers, Megan Sandel, Maureen M. Black Ph.D,, Mariana Chilton, Deborah A. Frank

Journal of Applied Research on Children: Informing Policy for Children at Risk

Background: 2007-2013 spanned an economic downturn with rising food costs. While Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) benefits increased during those years by 13.6% from the 2009 American Recovery Reinvestment Act (ARRA), the impact of these competing conditions on household food insecurity (HFI, household food insecure but child food secure) and child food insecurity (CFI, household and child food insecure) in households with infants and toddlers has not been investigated.

Objective: To describe HFI and CFI in households participating in SNAP vs. households likely eligible but not participating (No SNAP).

Design: Repeat cross-sectional

Participants/Setting: 19,999 caregivers of childrenChildren’s HealthWatch survey in …

Community Food Security Strategies: An Exploratory Study Of Their Potential For Food Insecure Households With Children, Michelle L. Kaiser, Kareem Usher, Colleen Spees

Journal of Applied Research on Children: Informing Policy for Children at Risk

This research sought to explore nutrition and related health issues of 151 households with children who participated in a survey addressing food access, food security, nutrition, health, food provisioning strategies, and barriers to optimal food consumption. This study explored the potential use of community food security strategies as a tool to address public health concerns through increasing fruit and vegetable intake by improving access to affordable healthy foods. Poor diet, stress, and food insecurity impacts adults and children in terms of cognitive development, mental health, and risk for costly chronic diseases. This research contextualized consumer responses within a contemporary policy …

Multidisciplinary Approaches To Address Food Insecurity And Nutrition Among Youth And Their Families, Shreela V. Sharma, Daphne C. Hernandez, Deanna M. Hoelscher, Amy L. Yaroch

Journal of Applied Research on Children: Informing Policy for Children at Risk

Our aim in publishing this issue of JARC on nutrition and food insecurity is to understand the factors associated with nutrition and food insecurity in the U.S. and around the world; to elucidate the potential consequences of food insecurity on physical and mental health; and to raise awareness and identify solutions to address this complex issue. We also aim to encourage collaboration across disciplines in order to frame initiatives that reduce these threats to child health, well-being and success.

Foreword, Douglas Hodgson

The University of Notre Dame Australia Law Review

No abstract provided.

Organizational Behavior Of Rehabilitation Residents In Taiwan: A Cross-Sectional Correlation Study, Kuancheng Chen, Yujen Chen, Chiayi Shen, Chengming Chiu, Yitien Su

Rehabilitation Practice and Science

Most studies on organizational behavior in Taiwan have focused on nurses and general medical staff; however, few studies have focused on rehabilitation residents. We conducted a cross-sectional correlation study on the organizational behavior of 30 rehabilitation residents in Taiwan by administering anonymous questionnaires through mail. The results revealed low continuance commitment scores (p＜.05) among female residents, whereas senior residents showed a high tendency to quit their current jobs. In addition, 19 residents presented type A personality and 11 residents presented type B personality.

The Effect Of Outpatient Physiotherapy After Stroke On Cardiopulmonary Training Goals: The Current Situation In A Single Medical Center, Yichun Lu, Chiachi Huang, Chenliang Chou

Rehabilitation Practice and Science

Study background and objectives: Reduced cardiopulmonary function after stroke has drawn increasing attention. Cardiovascular function and muscle fiber composition change after stroke, leading to a decline in physical fitness. Some studies have also reported decreased maximum oxygen uptake after stroke, which would further reduce patient ability to perform daily life functions, inducing a circle of disability and reduced mobility. Cardiopulmonary rehabilitation after early or late strokes has been found to improve cardiopulmonary function; these improvements are especially noticeable in patients with lower levels of physical activity before their stroke onset. However, traditional rehabilitation programs mostly focus on recovery of limb …

Developed An Interactive Visual Dashboard To Assess The Fall Risk Among Community-Dwelling Elderly, Weichiao Lu, Shuchuan Wu, Hsihsun Su, Chingjen Cang, Tienlung Sun, Chienhua Huang

Rehabilitation Practice and Science

The main purpose of data visualization is to provide an overview of data characteristics. In this study, a data visualization-based interactive exploration environment was developed to assess the risk of falling among community-dwelling elderly adults. The research goal was to enable clinicians to apply their expert knowledge to quickly derive information from the data and analyze the risk of falling. By visualizing the data to derive information, the clinicians were able to analyze preliminary screening results to identify elderly adults at a high risk of falling and subsequently advise them to return to hospital for a comprehensive geriatric assessment. In …

Effect Of Individualized Bladder Rehabilitation Program In Patients With Neurogenic Lower Urinary Tract Dysfunction, A Pilot Study, Peir-Renn Wang, Wei-Che Wang, Sung-Lang Chen, Yu-Hui Huang, Yu-Fen Lai, Hsiu-Chun Yang

Rehabilitation Practice and Science

Objectives: Neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction (NLUTD) is one of the major sequelae after spinal cord injury (SCI) and a cause of increased morbidity and mortality in SCI patients. Current treatment strategies for NLUTD include medication, non-invasive conservative management, minimally invasive therapy, and surgical intervention. However, there are no studies regarding non-invasive conservative management that combines pelvic floor muscle (PFM) exercises and electrical stimulation (ES). This study was designed to evaluate the efficacy of individualized bladder rehabilitation programs, which included education on voiding behavior, PFM exercise training combined with electromyography (EMG) biofeedback, and ES (for bladder inhibition or PFM strengthening), …

Neuropsychological Rehabilitation With Prospective Memory Process Training In A Patient With Severe Amnesia After Traumatic Brain Injury: A Casereport, Pin-Hsiu Chen, Ya-Fang Hsu, Wen-Chih Lin, Tai-Ching Wu

Rehabilitation Practice and Science

Patients with severe amnesia frequently experience difficulty in storing and retrieving new information, resulting in prospective memory impairment, one of the main reasons for sustained loss of functioning in daily life. Currently, little literature on the neuropsychological interventions for severe amnesia patients has been published. The present study applied prospective memory process training (PROMPT) in neuropsychological intervention to a patient with severe amnesia caused by traumatic brain injury, and investigated the efficacy of this method. The intervention was administered for 12 months long to a 23-year-old male participant with severe amnesia caused by traumatic brain injury. The intervention was administered …

Deep Vein Thrombosis In An Ambulatory Hemiparetic Stroke Patient Probably Due To Exercise-Related Repetitive Impact: A Casereport, Kun-Chang Lee, Chien-Ting Liu, Pi-Wei Wang, An-Fang Hsiao, Yi-Shiung Horng

Rehabilitation Practice and Science

Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) of the lower extremity is a multifactorial and potentially fatal complication following stroke. However, repetitive impact on the lower extremity is a relatively uncommon risk factor for DVT. We report an ambulatory hemiparetic stroke patient who, without classic DVT risk factors, developed a lower extremity DVT probably due to repetitive impact on the popliteal fossa after the inappropriate use of a seated leg flexion machine. This case can remind physiatrists and therapists of the importance of preventing patients from using non-ergonomic postures during training sessions.

Factors Associated With Nasogastric Tube Removal In Patients With Post-Stroke Dysphagia Following Acute/Subacute Stroke, Hsin-Chiao Wen, Hao-Wei Tang, Chang-Ren Peng, Kuan-Lin Chen, Ching-Min Hsiao, Chung-Che Lin

Rehabilitation Practice and Science

Purpose: Stroke is a common cause of dysphagia, and persistent post-stroke dysphagia is associated with a poor outcome and an increased mortality rate. Nasogastric tubes (NGTs) are frequently the recommended method for the safe administration of nutrition and hydration in stroke patients. However, prolonged use of NGTs can lead to complications, such as gastro-esophageal reflux and aspiration pneumonia. The purpose of this study was to determine the factors associated with NGT removal in patients with post-stroke dysphagia. Method: This was a retrospective study. We recruited patients with post-stroke dysphagia who had received feeding either partially or totally via NGT and …

Correlation Between Sternocleidomastoid Muscle Stiffness After Radiation Therapy And Quality Of Life In Patients With Head And Neck Cancer, Shih-Chung Chang, Peir-Renn Wang, Hsien-Chun Tseng, Su-Ju Tsai, Yu-Li Cheng

Rehabilitation Practice and Science

Objective: Radiation-induced fibrosis after radiation treatment frequently results in neck and shoulder pain/dysfunction, trismus, dysphagia, muscle stiffness and lower health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in patients with head and neck (H&N) cancer. Here, we access the correlation between neck muscle stiffness after radiation therapy and HRQOL, and the effect of rehabilitation on muscle stiffness and HRQOL. Method: We used real-time sonoelastography to evaluate sternocleidomastoid muscle (SCM) stiffness after radiation therapy. We used the EORTC QLQ-30 and EORTCQLQ H&N35 to evaluate the HRQOL of H&N cancer patients. Each participant received real-time sonoelastography and an HRQOL evaluation twice with the course of …

Combining Eldercare Technology With Interactive Arts Environment, Alice M. K. Wong, Chung-Chih Lin, Su-Chu Hsu, Chia-Ying Chung, Yin-Chou Lin, Pei-Chi Huang, Chih-Kuang Chen

Rehabilitation Practice and Science

Background and Purpose: People who age successfully should exhibit healthy function in physiological, psychological, and social domains. They should demonstrate independence in daily living, proper cognitive function without depression, and the ability to participate in community activities, as well as maintain favorable interpersonal relationships with others to enjoy living. Material and Methods: In this study, for promoting the successful aging of elderly residents of Chang Gung Silver Village, we developed six smart devices that involve combining an interactive art environment with exergames and health administration: ＂Interactive Wall with Life Memories＂, ＂Interactive Floor Kick and Play＂, ＂Interactive Table with Musical Pots＂, …

Developing And Validating A Screening Scale For Assessing Preschool Children's Motor Development: A Preliminary Study, Chia-Chi Wang, Chien-Ju Chang, Po-Hsi Chen, Wen-Yu Liu, Chia-Ling Chen, Chih-Chien Tsai, Ren-Huei Fu, Li-Tuan Chou, Shih-Ming Chu

Rehabilitation Practice and Science

Background: Questionnaires available for screening the motor development of preschool children in Taiwan are few. Therefore, this study developed a Developmental Motor Screening Scale for Preschool Children (DMSSPC), and it exhibits high reliability and validity. Methods: The DMSSPC was developed on the basis of an expert meeting and a literature reviewarticle of assessment tools and questionnaires for screening motor development. After the meeting, subscales of the fine and gross motor scales of the DMSSPC were determined. The fine motor scale comprised grasp, manipulation, and visual motor integration subscales, whereas the gross motor scale contained stationary, locomotion, and body coordination subscales. …

The Effect Of Low Level Laser Therapy With Cluster Probe On Myofascial Trigger Spots In A Rabbit Model: A Case-Controlled Trial, Yi-Hsuan Lai, He-Yu Tsai, Shih-Yang Huang, Wei-Chi Hsieh, Chien-Min Chen, Chang-Zern Hong, Hung-Chih Hsu, Kai-Hua Chen

Rehabilitation Practice and Science

Objective: This study investigated the effect of cluster probe low level laser therapy (LLLT) with a continuous wavelength of 830 nm or 980 nm on the myofascial trigger spot (MTrS) in rabbit skeletal muscle, an animal model of myofascial pain syndrome (MPS). Methods: Thirty-seven New Zealand rabbits with MTrSs in the thigh muscle were divided into three groups and were given placebo treatment (0 J/leg/day), 830 nm LLLT (6 J/leg/day), and 980 nm LLLT (6 J/leg/day), respectively, for 5 days. Electromyographic studies were used to evaluate the endplate noise (EPN) prevalence in each MTrS before treatment, on the first and …

Simultaneous Bilateral Intracerebral Hemorrhage In A Case Of Wegener's Granulomatosis: A Casereport And Literature Reviewarticle, Yu-Jen Chen, Ho-Fai Wong, Chih-Chi Chen, Chia-Ling Chen, Chia-Ying Chung

Rehabilitation Practice and Science

Background: Simultaneous multiple intracerebral hemorrhages (ICHs) are rare and their underlying mechanisms are unknown. Reported etiologies include hypertension, vasculitis, cerebral amyloid angiopathy, venous sinus thrombosis, coagulopathy, and intracranial vascular anomalies. Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA; Wegener's granulomatosis) is a necrotizing granulomatous vasculitis affecting small- and medium-sized vessels of the respiratory tract and kidneys. The reported frequency of central nervous system (CNS) involvement in GPA is 0%-16.4%. Case presentation: A 34-year-old man with hypertension presented with a sudden loss of consciousness and weakness in the right limbs. Brain computed tomography (CT) showed a left basal ganglion hemorrhage and right basal ganglion infarction …