Digital Commons Network^™

To Pup Or Not To Pup? Using Physiology And Dive Behavior To Answer The Weddell Seal's Overwinter Question, Michelle R. Shero

Marine Biology

Female Weddell seals (Leptonychotes weddellii) haul-out on the fast-ice surrounding the Antarctic continent in October and November each year to give birth to and nurse their pups. Breeding follows directly after weaning (December) and the annual molt begins in January-February. Animals reduce foraging efforts during the lactation and molting periods, but very little is known regarding the influence of this reduced activity on physiological condition. After a period of embryonic diapause, the annual molt coincides with embryo attachment and the start of active gestation. Consequently, female physiological condition at this time may influence reproductive success the following year. Overall female …

Steller Sea Lion Survivors: A Retrospective On The Impact Of Alternative Research Methods On An Endangered Species, Courtney Shuert

Marine Biology

Two novel research approaches were developed to facilitate access to wild juvenile Steller sea lions. First, the Transient Juvenile Steller sea lion Project (TJ) facilitated numerous studies of physiology, behavior, and nutrition through temporary captivity (branded TJs, n=45) over the past decade. As a complement, a control group was sampled and released during capture events (FRs, n=35). Second, the Life History Tag (LHX) project was implemented within the TJ project to implant individuals (LHX-1, n=35) with internal transmitters to detect potential causes of mortality. Our goal was to evaluate the potential for long-term impacts of these two research programs on …

Co-Extinction In A Host-Parasite Network: Identifying Key Hosts For Network Stability, Tad Dallas, Emily Cornelius

Faculty Publications

Parasites comprise a substantial portion of total biodiversity. Ultimately, this means that host extinction could result in many secondary extinctions of obligate parasites and potentially alter hostparasite network structure. Here, we examined a highly resolved fish-parasite network to determine key hosts responsible for maintaining parasite diversity and network structure (quantified here as nestedness and modularity). We evaluated four possible host extinction orders and compared the resulting co-extinction dynamics to random extinction simulations; including host removal based on estimated extinction risk, parasite species richness and host level contributions to nestedness and modularity. We found that all extinction orders, except the one …

Cues Guiding Leukocyte Transendothelial Migration Across The Blood-Brain Barrier In Neuroinflammation: Endothelial Heterogeneity, Chemokines, And Extracellular Vesicles, Debayon Paul

Doctoral Dissertations

Leukocyte infiltration into the central nervous system (CNS) underlies the pathology in a wide spectrum of neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative diseases like multiple sclerosis (MS), stroke, meningitis, and neuroAIDS. While the steps that mediate the initial adhesion of activated leukocytes to the endothelial wall has been well-characterized, not much is known about their subsequent transendothelial migration (TEM) across the blood-brain barrier (BBB), a highly restrictive paracellular barrier established by the specialized CNS endothelial cells, thus severely limiting the treatment options.

In Multiple Sclerosis (MS) ‘focal’ leukocyte infiltration into the CNS parenchyma early in disease is thought to be critical for the …

The Common Good: Salmon Science, The Conservation Crisis, And The Shaping Of Alaskan Political Culture, Matthew J. Robinson

Arctic and Northern Studies

Without a doubt, the salmon fishery in Alaska has been at the forefront of natural resource debates and has served as an example of ineffective, misunderstood, and controversial policies, as well as many missed opportunities to better understand the resource. Management of Alaska's longest lasting natural resource industry is contingent upon an evolving scientific understanding of salmon. At the same time, policy has been shaped by political, economic, cultural, and social phenomena. Considering these parts of the historical narrative of the Alaska salmon industry demonstrates the fundamental challenges of fisheries management: reconciling biological limitation, economic demands, and cultural practices. This …

Extractive Leviathan: The Role Of The Government In The Relationships Between Oil And Gas Industries And Indigenous Communities In The Arctic Regions Of Canada, United States And Russia, Evgeniia Sidorova, Евгения Сидорова

Arctic and Northern Studies

This comparative research analyzes the extent to which the governments of Canada, the United States and Russia affect the relationships between the petroleum extractive industries and Indigenous peoples of the Arctic in order to protect Indigenous peoples from the negative impacts of oil and gas extraction. The hypothesis of this study is that the government can protect Indigenous communities only by providing for their participation in decision-making processes about oil and gas development. The comparative analysis showed that in comparison with Canada and the United States, Russia has the worst legal protection of Indigenous peoples in petroleum-extractive regions. The recognition …

Tales Of Well-Seasoned Women: A Literary Exploration Of Gendered Experience In Alaska's Commercial Fishing Industries, 1980s-2010, Deborah Corso

Arctic and Northern Studies

No abstract provided.

Understanding Place In Fisheries Management: An Examination Of Ecological And Social Communities In The Pribilof Islands, Alaska, Courtney Lyons

Fisheries

Holistic approaches toward fisheries management are widely considered a more sustainable option than standard single-species frameworks. This project uses the holistic frameworks of ecosystem-based fisheries management (EBFM) and place-making to examine the ecological and social systems of the Pribilof Islands and the ways in which fisheries management decisions have structured these systems. In Chapter 1, we sought to understand potential ecological constraints of temperature, fish predation, and interactions with a congener (red king crab; Paralithodes camtschaticus) on blue king crab (Paralithodes platypus) recovery. These examinations suggest that blue king crab juveniles switch strategies from predator avoidance to a strategy of …

Corrosion Behavior Of Microarc Oxidation And Polycaprolactone Coatings Applied To Az31 Magnesium Alloy Evaluated In Simulated Body Fluid And Balanced Salt Solution, Benjamin M. Wilke

Engineering

Recent research in orthopedic implant materials has focused on the use of magnesium alloys as a base material due to its mechanical properties similar to that of human bone. Rapid corrosion of magnesium materials in aqueous environments poses a significant hurdle to their application as a biomedical implant. A variety of coatings have been shown to improve the corrosion resistance of magnesium based materials in simulated body fluid environments including microarc oxidation and polymer coatings. However, formulation and corrosion rates vary significantly between solution types. Furthermore, in vivo results have shown that many common in vitro solutions over estimate corrosion …

Computational Simulation Of An Electrophysiological Human Heart Failure Model With An Early Afterdepolarization Arrhythmia Application, Mohamed Elshrif

Theses

The main purpose of this dissertation is to develop a population-based cellular model of remodeled electrophysiological properties in a single cell of a human ventricle under heart failure conditions. The developed model is used to study ventricular arrhythmia (VA) applications under heart failure (HF) conditions, such as inducing early afterdepolarizations (EADs) in single cells and initiating spiral waves in tissue. Early afterdepolarizations as well as reentrant waves are an important cause of ventricular arrhythmias in heart failure. However, the underlying transmural distribution of alterations in currents is unknown. Therefore, it is important to study the impact of remodeled transmural currents …

Using Infrasound To Characterize Volcanic Emissions At Tolbachik, Karymsky, And Sakurajima Volcanoes, Sarah Albert

Geosciences

The work presented herein includes one main body of research on infrasound from Tolbachik Volcano and suggestions for future work on eruption dynamics using infrasound from other volcanoes. We use both regional and local infrasound data to track the dynamics of the 2012-2013 eruption of Tolbachik Volcano, Kamchatka, Russia. Analysis of regional data recorded at the IMS array IS44 in southern Kamchatka, ~384 km from the vent, focuses on the eruption onset in November 2012, while analysis of local data recorded 100-950 m from the vent focuses on activity in February and August 2013. Signals recorded from Tolbachik suggest an …

A New Elasmosaurid (Sauropterygia: Plesiosauria) From The Bearpaw Formation (Late Cretaceous, Maastrichtian) Of Montana And The Evolution Of Neck Length In Elasmosauridae, Danielle J. Serratos

Geosciences

Plesiosauria is a diverse clade of marine reptiles that have been studied since the early 19th century. However, phylogenetic relationships within the group have been contentious due to limited taxon sampling and a misunderstanding of how ontogeny, interspecific and intraspecific variation affect character states. This is particularly true for elasmosaurids, a clade of long-necked plesiosaurians known from the Cretaceous. In 2010, a new, nearly complete skeleton, MOR 3072, was collected from the Late Cretaceous (Campanian-Maastrichtian) Bearpaw Shale of northeast Montana, and it provides morphological information rarely observed within Elasmosauridae. MOR 3072 consists of a complete skull, the anterior 23 cervical …

Effects Of Harvest On Wolf Social Structure, Population Dynamics, And Viewing Opportunities In National Parks, Bridget Borg

Biological Sciences

Management of gray wolves (Canis lupus) in and adjacent to Denali National Park and Preserve (DNPP) is complex. Wolves that live primarily within the park, where they are protected from harvest, often range across the boundary of the park where harvest of wolves is legal. Protection of wolves within the park provides for wolf viewing opportunities along the Denali Park Road for tens of thousands of visitors annually. Additionally, there is interest in maintaining wolf harvest opportunities adjacent to the park. The objectives for wolf viewing and harvest have been perceived as in direct conflict, but quantitative analysis of the …

Breeding Ecology Of Smith's Longspurs (Calcarius Pictus) In The Brooks Range, Alaska, Heather Rebekah Craig

Biological Sciences

Alaska's Arctic ecosystem provides critical habitat for nesting songbirds. However, within this region climate change projections indicate a shrubbier future, as well as major shifts in summer weather patterns. The polygynandrous Smith's Longspur (Calcarius pictus) is a little known species that is closely tied to treeless tundra habitat in northern Alaska. I evaluated Smith's Longspur dispersal ability and annual survival rates using seven years of banding data, as well as breeding habitat requirements and reproductive success in two populations in the Brooks Range. Most adults (88%; n = 34) returned to nest in the same breeding neighborhood as previous years, …

Alpine Thermal Dynamics And Associated Constraints On The Behavior Of Mountain Goats In Southeast Alaska, Jeffrey HéBert Frederick

Biological Sciences

Alpine Caprinae, including mountain goats (Oreamnos americanus), have been described to be sensitive to temperature changes within their summer range and consequently may be forced to select habitats that allow for the maintenance of a stable core temperature on warm days. Survival may be inhibited if warm ambient temperatures cause mountain goats to reduce time foraging or if too much time is spent on thermoregulatory habitat selection. I investigated mountain goat behavioral activity budgets across alpine temperature gradients in Southeast Alaska using focal animal sampling and scan sampling techniques. I tested the effects of temperature on mountain goat activity and …

Factors Controlling The Phenology And Limits Of Hibernation In A Sciurid, Melanie M. Richter

Biological Sciences

Animals that live in seasonal environments have a variety of adaptations to survive periods of low to no food availability. One such adaptation is hibernation, which is characterized by profound decreases in activity, metabolic rate, and in most cases, body temperature. Among animals that hibernate, only two species are known to maintain low tissue temperature while defending significant temperature gradients, and the best studied of these is the Arctic ground squirrel (Urocitellus parryii). In the first chapter, we determine the lower ambient temperature limit of hibernation for an arctic ground squirrel (-26°C), and that a maximum torpid metabolic rate exists …

Lahar Infrasound Associated With Volcán Villarrica's 3 March 2015 Eruption, Jeffrey B. Johnson, Jose L. Palma

Geosciences Faculty Publications and Presentations

The paroxysmal 2015 eruption of Volcán Villarrica (Chile) produced a 2.5 h long lahar, which descended more than 20 km within the Rio Correntoso/Turbio drainage and destroyed two small bridges. A three-element infrasound array 10 km from the summit, and 4 km from the lahar’s closest approach, was used to study the flow’s progression. Array processing using cross-correlation lag times and semblance places constraints on the lahar’s dynamics, including detection of an initial flow pulse that traveled from 2 to 12 km at an average speed of 38m/s. Subsequently, the lahar signal evolved to a relatively stationary infrasonic tremor located …

Preserving Kentucky’S Newspapers: Analogue Beginnings To Digital Frontier, Kopana Terry, Eric Weig

Library Presentations

Over fifty years ago an historian and a library director traveled the back roads of Kentucky (USA) with a portable microfilm camera, two lights, and a dream of preserving Kentucky’s newspapers. From their ambitions arose a successful newspaper preservation program at the University of Kentucky Libraries (UKL). Now in its sixth decade, the program has developed a new way of preserving contemporary born-digital newspapers. This paper explores some of the people and events behind the early success of UKL’s program, as well as an in-depth look at the development and functionality of Paper Vault: a largely automated, in-house process delivering …

The Apple Trees School : Adapting The Developmental-Interaction Approach In South Korea, Jeffrey B. Rogers

Graduate Student Independent Studies

In August 2016, one year from this writing, a team of educators will embark on adapting the developmental-interaction approach to a newly founded early elementary school in Gyeongsan, South Korea. This paper seeks to address the challenges and rewards inherent in such a project through examining critical issues such as intercultural competence and teacher relationships

Annual Report, 2015, University Of Arkansas, Fayetteville. School Of Continuing Education And Academic Outreach

School of Continuing Education and Academic Outreach - Global Campus Annual Report

No abstract provided.

Hedgehog Signaling Regulates Imaginal Cell Differentiation In A Basally Branching Holometabolous Insect, Carla M. Villarreal, Karin Darakananda, Victoria R. Wang, Pooja M. Jayaprakash, Yuichiro Suzuki

Faculty Research and Scholarship

The evolution of imaginal cells, or stem cell-like cells, contributed to the spectacular diversification of holometabolous insects, which undergo complete metamorphosis. The proliferation and differentiation of these imaginal cells is under the control of juvenile hormone (JH), but which patterning genes respond to JH is currently unknown. Here, the role of Hedgehog (Hh) signaling in the development of imaginal cells was investigated. RNA interference-mediated knockdown of the components of the Hh signaling pathway showed that Hh is required for the proliferation of polymorphic and imaginal cells in Tribolium castaneum. Hh was also necessary for the regeneration of larval appendages. In …

2015-2016, Collin College

Course Catalogs

Contains information on courses and class descriptions as well as campus resources at Collin College.

Founders Keepers Newsletter 2015-08-15, Niu Libraries

University Libraries Archives

No abstract provided.

August 15, 2015 (Pages 4747-4874), Pennsylvania Legislative Reference Bureau

Volume 45 (2015)

No abstract provided.

Eng 3405-001: Children’S Literature, John Moore

Fall 2015

No abstract provided.

Creswell Policing Project Final Report, Portland State University. Hatfield School Of Government. Center For Public Service, Kent Robinson, Robert Winthrop, Rachel Sykes, Rebecca Craven

Center for Public Service Publications and Reports

The Center for Public Service worked with the City of Creswell, Oregon to assess their current policing arrangements and service demand, and to develop a series of options for police services. Creswell is a small city of about 5,000 just south of Eugene, Oregon. Creswell currently purchases its police services from the Lane County Sheriff under an annual intergovernmental agreement (IGA). Citizens in the community have challenged this model and proposed the establishment of a city police department. This study developed scenarios and cost analysis for several options including a city police department, an independent public safety special district, and …

Simulated Diabetic Ketoacidosis Therapy In Vitro Elicits Brain Cell Swelling Via Sodium-Hydrogen Exchange And Anion Transport., Keeley L Rose, Andrew J Watson, Thomas A Drysdale, Gediminas Cepinskas, Melissa Chan, C Anthony Rupar, Douglas D Fraser

Obstetrics & Gynaecology Publications

A common complication of type 1 diabetes mellitus is diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), a state of severe insulin deficiency. A potentially harmful consequence of DKA therapy in children is cerebral edema (DKA-CE); however, the mechanisms of therapy-induced DKA-CE are unknown. Our aims were to identify the DKA treatment factors and membrane mechanisms that might contribute specifically to brain cell swelling. To this end, DKA was induced in juvenile mice with the administration of the pancreatic toxins streptozocin and alloxan. Brain slices were prepared and exposed to DKA-like conditions in vitro. Cell volume changes were imaged in response to simulated DKA therapy. …

2015-2016 Land Management, Relations, And Alternative Cash Lease Provisions Participant Manual

Extension Farm and Ranch Management News

This publication was used as the participant manual for the 2015-2016 land management and flex lease meetings held across the state of Nebraska. This effort was supported by grant funding made available from the Nebraska Soybean Board and the North Central Risk Management Education Center.

Morton, Joe (Fa 814), Manuscripts & Folklife Archives

Folklife Archives Finding Aids

Finding aid only for Folklife Archives Project 814. Paper titled “Folk Beliefs and Superstitions,” prepared by Joe Morton for a folk studies class at Western Kentucky University. Morton includes field notes consisting of index cards documenting folk beliefs and superstitions that he collected from informants across Kentucky.

Cpue Standardization And Catch Estimate Of Blue Shark By Taiwanese Large-Scale Tuna Longline Fishery In The North Pacific Ocean, Wen-Pei Tsai, Chi-Lu Sun, Kwang-Ming Liu, Shyh-Bin Wang, Nancy C. H. Lo

Journal of Marine Science and Technology–Taiwan

The blue shark, Prionace glauca, is a pelagic species with a circum-global distribution in tropical to temperate waters. It is the top by-catch shark species for the Taiwanese large-scale tuna longline (LTLL) fishery. However, its population status in the North Pacific Ocean is still little known. In the present study, the blue shark catch and effort data from observers' records of Taiwanese LTLL fishing vessels operating in the North Pacific Ocean from 2004 to 2012 were analyzed. Due to the large percentage of zero blue shark catch, the catch per unit effort (CPUE) of blue shark, as the number of …