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2015

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Autonomous Statistical Explanations And Natural Selection, André Ariew, Collin Rice, Yasha Rohwer Jan 2015

Autonomous Statistical Explanations And Natural Selection, André Ariew, Collin Rice, Yasha Rohwer

Philosophy Faculty Research and Scholarship

Shapiro and Sober ([2007]) claim that Walsh, Ariew, Lewens, and Matthen (henceforth WALM) give a mistaken, a priori defense of natural selection and drift as epiphenomenal. Contrary to Shapiro and Sober’s claims, we first argue that WALM’s explanatory doctrine does not require a defense of epiphenomenalism. We then defend WALM’s explanatory doctrine by arguing that the explanations provided by the modern genetical theory of natural selection are ‘autonomous-statistical explanations’ analogous to Galton’s explanation of reversion to mediocrity and an explanation of the diffusion ofgases. We then argue that whereas Sober’s theory of forces is an adequate description of Darwin’s theory, …

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Rolling Between Burial And Shrine: A Tale Of Two Chariot Processions At Chulan Tomb 2 In Eastern Han China (171 C.E.), Jie Shi Jan 2015

Rolling Between Burial And Shrine: A Tale Of Two Chariot Processions At Chulan Tomb 2 In Eastern Han China (171 C.E.), Jie Shi

History of Art Faculty Research and Scholarship

Chulan Tomb 2 (dated to 171 c.e.) in present-day Suxian, Anhui province, offers the rare opportunity to study the hitherto unknown relationship between multiple depictions of chariot processions—one of the most popular pictorial motifs in Eastern Han funerary art—at different locations in a single cemetery. Comparing this tomb’s two chariot processions in stylistic, iconographic, and positional terms, this paper draws attention to a special dragon motif that ornaments a few special chariots and argues that these “dragon chariots,” unique among stone carvings of the Eastern Han, were meant to carry the deceased couple, who were buried separately but received joint …

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The Overseeing Mother: Revisiting The Frontal-Pose Lady In The Wu Family Shrines In Second Century China, Jie Shi Jan 2015

The Overseeing Mother: Revisiting The Frontal-Pose Lady In The Wu Family Shrines In Second Century China, Jie Shi

History of Art Faculty Research and Scholarship

Located in present-day Jiaxiang in Shandong province, the Wu family shrines built during the second century in the Eastern Han dynasty (25–220) were among the best-known works in Chinese art history. Although for centuries scholars have exhaustively studied the pictorial programs, the frontal-pose female image situated on the second floor of the central pavilion carved at the rear wall of the shrines has remained a question. Beginning with the woman’s eyes, this article demonstrates that the image is more than a generic portrait (“hard motif ”), but rather represents “feminine overseeing from above” (“soft motif ”). This synthetic motif combines …

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Review: Branscome, David. Textual Rivals: Self-Presentation In Herodotus' Histories. Ann Arbor: University Of Michigan Press, 2013., Joel Alden Schlosser Jan 2015

Review: Branscome, David. Textual Rivals: Self-Presentation In Herodotus' Histories. Ann Arbor: University Of Michigan Press, 2013., Joel Alden Schlosser

Political Science Faculty Research and Scholarship

No abstract provided.

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When I Walked The Dark Road Of Hades: Orphic Katabasis And The Katabasis Of Orpheus, Radcliffe Edmonds Iii Jan 2015

When I Walked The Dark Road Of Hades: Orphic Katabasis And The Katabasis Of Orpheus, Radcliffe Edmonds Iii

Greek, Latin, and Classical Studies Faculty Research and Scholarship

Accounts of the descent to the Underworld attributed to Orpheus have been presumed to provide privileged information about the Underworld from the first hand experience of the narrator Orpheus, giving such accounts a special eschatological significance (R. PARKER [1995]). The surviving evidence, however, suggests that accounts of katábasis in texts attributed to Orpheus are not in the first person, while accounts of Orpheus’ katábasisare not attributed to Orpheus (with exception of the allusion in the late Orphic Argonautica). The possibility that the Orphic katabáseis might have recounted the descent of Herakles or Theseus rather than Orpheus himself opens …

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Computational Notebooks For Ai Education, Keith J. O'Hara, Doug Blank, James Marshall Jan 2015

Computational Notebooks For Ai Education, Keith J. O'Hara, Doug Blank, James Marshall

Computer Science Faculty Research and Scholarship

Computational notebooks are documents that serve dual purposes: they serve as an archive format containing code, text, images and equations; but they can also be run like computer programs. This paper explores the use of these new computational notebooks to teach AI and introduces tools that we have developed — ICalico and Calysto — to facilitate that use. Not only do these new tools broaden the languages and contexts available to students exploring notebook-based AI computing, but they offer a new mode of teaching and learning for the AI classroom.

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Cherokee Freedmen And The Color Of Belonging, Lolita Buckner Inniss Jan 2015

Cherokee Freedmen And The Color Of Belonging, Lolita Buckner Inniss

Law Faculty Articles and Essays

This Article addresses the Cherokee Nation and its historic conflict with the descendants of its former black slaves, designated Cherokee Freedmen. This Article specifically addresses how historic discussions of black, red, and white skin colors, designating the African-ancestored, aboriginal (Native American), and European-ancestored people of the United States have helped to shape the contours of color-based national belonging among the Cherokee. The Cherokee past practice of black slavery and the past and continuing use of skin color-coded belonging not only undermines the coherence of Cherokee sovereignty, identity, and belonging but also problematizes the notion of an explicitly aboriginal way of …

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Eye-Tracktive: Measuring Attention To Body Parts When Judging Human Emotions, Cathy Ennis, Ludovic Hoyet, Carol O'Sullivan Jan 2015

Eye-Tracktive: Measuring Attention To Body Parts When Judging Human Emotions, Cathy Ennis, Ludovic Hoyet, Carol O'Sullivan

Conference papers

Virtual humans are often endowed with human-like characteristics to make them more appealing and engaging. Motion capture is a reliable way to represent natural motion on such characters, thereby allowing a wide range of animations to be automatically created and replicated. However, interpersonal differences in actors’ performances can be subtle and complex, yet have a strong effect on the human observer. Such effects can be very difficult to express quantitatively or indeed even qualitatively. We investigate two subjective human motion characteristics: attractiveness and distinctiveness. We conduct a perceptual experiment, where participants’ eye movements are tracked while they rate the motions …

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In Vitro Evaluation Of The Cytotoxicity Of A Folate-Modified Β-Cyclodextrin As A New Anti-Cancer Drug Delivery System, Zlata Tofzikovskaya, Alan Casey, Orla L. Howe, Christine O'Connor, Mary Mcnamara Jan 2015

In Vitro Evaluation Of The Cytotoxicity Of A Folate-Modified Β-Cyclodextrin As A New Anti-Cancer Drug Delivery System, Zlata Tofzikovskaya, Alan Casey, Orla L. Howe, Christine O'Connor, Mary Mcnamara

Articles

Many chemotherapeutic drugs are therapeutically non-selective and do not distinguish between healthy cells and tumour cells which can result in severe side effects and toxicity. Drug delivery systems can be used to target specific cells and therefore may eliminate many of the side effects, increasing drug efficiency and efficacy, and controlling drug release. One possible strategy for targeted drug delivery is to use unique molecular markers such as folate receptors in cancer cells. In this work the cytotoxicity of a novel cyclodextrin-folate conjugate, 6-deoxy-6-[(1-(-2amino)ethylamino)folate-β-cyclodextrin (CDEnFA) was studied using the MTT assay and the MCF-7 (Breast), HeLa (Cervical), A549 (Lung cancer) …

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Poictesme: An Anthology Of Literature And Art (2015) Jan 2015

Poictesme: An Anthology Of Literature And Art (2015)

Pwatem (Poictesme), 2006-

Poictesme (now Pwatem) is an anthology of literature and art from undergraduate students at Virginia Commonwealth University. It publishes poetry, prose and art of all kinds from talented undergraduate students of all majors.

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Moving As A Whole: Multirobot Traveling Problem Constrained By Connectivity, Yun Wang, Cheng Hu Jan 2015

Moving As A Whole: Multirobot Traveling Problem Constrained By Connectivity, Yun Wang, Cheng Hu

Turkish Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences

A multirobot system provides many advantages over a single robot. In certain situations, robots need to maintain global connectivity while proceeding through tasks such as traveling to spots of interest in an area. This paper formulates the problem of multiple robots traveling while constrained by connectivity and analyzes the limits of increase in total traveling distance (TTD) caused by connectivity constraints. A connection condition is proposed and proven, which can be used to direct the design of solutions. Two algorithms satisfying the connection condition, connected nearest neighbor (CNN) and bold Lin-Kernighan heuristic (B-LKH), are proposed to solve this problem, which …

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The Spillikin (Vol. 32), Valparaiso University Jan 2015

The Spillikin (Vol. 32), Valparaiso University

The Spillikin - The Christ College Newsletter

No abstract provided.

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New Attack On Reproductive Justice: Tennessee’S Criminalization Of Pregnancy Conduct, Samir Nadkarni Jan 2015

New Attack On Reproductive Justice: Tennessee’S Criminalization Of Pregnancy Conduct, Samir Nadkarni

Student Works

No abstract provided.

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Laws In The United States And France Do Not Discriminate Against Muslim Women, Valerie P. Deluisi Jan 2015

Laws In The United States And France Do Not Discriminate Against Muslim Women, Valerie P. Deluisi

Student Works

No abstract provided.

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False Advertising: How The Third Circuit Misused The Free Speech Standard To The Benefit Of New Jersey Lawyers And The Detriment Of The Public, Jason Dominguez Jan 2015

False Advertising: How The Third Circuit Misused The Free Speech Standard To The Benefit Of New Jersey Lawyers And The Detriment Of The Public, Jason Dominguez

Student Works

No abstract provided.

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Fda Approved?: Examining The Fda’S Approach To Mobile Medical Apps And Its Sufficiency, Vanessa Coleman Jan 2015

Fda Approved?: Examining The Fda’S Approach To Mobile Medical Apps And Its Sufficiency, Vanessa Coleman

Student Works

No abstract provided.

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Adaptive Control For Autonomous Navigation Of Mobile Robots Considering Time Delay And Uncertainty, Stephen Kofi Armah Jan 2015

Adaptive Control For Autonomous Navigation Of Mobile Robots Considering Time Delay And Uncertainty, Stephen Kofi Armah

Dissertations

Autonomous control of mobile robots has attracted considerable attention of researchers in the areas of robotics and autonomous systems during the past decades. One of the goals in the field of mobile robotics is development of platforms that robustly operate in given, partially unknown, or unpredictable environments and offer desired services to humans. Autonomous mobile robots need to be equipped with effective, robust and/or adaptive, navigation control systems. In spite of enormous reported work on autonomous navigation control systems for mobile robots, achieving the goal above is still an open problem. Robustness and reliability of the controlled system can always …

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A Journey To America: An Exploration Of Manga And Anime, Anne Goodman Jan 2015

A Journey To America: An Exploration Of Manga And Anime, Anne Goodman

Whittier Scholars Program

While comics and cart and designoons are stigmatized in the United States as forms of childish media, manga (Japanese comics) and anime (Japanese animation) are treated differently in Japan. The value of manga and manga as an art and design form, medium for the societal critique, political mouthpiece, and mode of escapism is made evident through the examination of Japanese history and culture. Beginning in the 1960s and peaking in popularity during the 1980s and 90s, manga and anime have journeyed to the United States and have subsequently been appropriated in American culture. Fandom has emerged as a manifestation of …

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Understanding The Myths And Reality Of School Shooters, Keaton Hardwick Jan 2015

Understanding The Myths And Reality Of School Shooters, Keaton Hardwick

Whittier Scholars Program

This project examines the understandings of mass shootings through a literature review with the goal to examine the personalities of the shooters, possible causes and warning signs, as well as the misconceptions about mass shootings. In addition two specific cases, Columbia and Virginia Tech were examined in order to understand the personalities of the shooters as well as some of the misconceptions about the shootings themselves. In conclusion the study found that animal abuse, social withdrawal, and lashing out at others were seen as warning signs. It was also found that mass shooters are not all the same, being categorized …

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Keflavík On Hegranes: Cemetery Excavation—Interim Report2015, Guðný Zoega, Douglas J. Bolender, Brian N. Damiata, John M. Steinberg Jan 2015

Keflavík On Hegranes: Cemetery Excavation—Interim Report2015, Guðný Zoega, Douglas J. Bolender, Brian N. Damiata, John M. Steinberg

Andrew Fiske Memorial Center for Archaeological Research Publications

The summer of 2015 was the first of three planned years of excavations at the early Christian cemetery at farm Keflavík on Hegranes in the region of Skagafjörður, North Iceland. The excavation is the third phase of Skagfirska kirkjurannsóknin (Skagafjörður Church Project) and is a collective effort of the Skagafjörður Heritage Museum and the Fiske Center of the University of MassachusettsBoston. The collective project goes by the name Skagafjörður Church and Settlement Survey (SCASS). The excavation season started on the 6thof July and finished on the 14thof August. The first two weeks were spent cleaning the surface and removing a …

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Susceptibility Of Tribolium Castaneum (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) And Trogoderma Inclusum (Coleoptera: Dermestidae) To Cold Temperatures, Frank H. Arthur, K. L. Hartzer, James E. Throne, P. W. Flinn Jan 2015

Susceptibility Of Tribolium Castaneum (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) And Trogoderma Inclusum (Coleoptera: Dermestidae) To Cold Temperatures, Frank H. Arthur, K. L. Hartzer, James E. Throne, P. W. Flinn

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Studies were conducted by exposing different life stages of Tribolium castaneum (Herbst), the red flour beetle, and Trogoderma inclusum (LeConte), the larger cabinet beetle, for different time intervals to -18°C. Assessments were made of direct mortality to eggs, larvae, and adults, and eventual adult emergence of immatures. Data were described by non-linear equations. The eggs and larvae were the most tolerant life stage of T. castaneum. Eight hours of exposure were required for 100% kill of 3-4-day-old eggs and 0-10- and 11-21-day-old larvae, but only 4, 0.5, and 0.5 h respectively were required to completely inhibit adult emergence. For …

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Understanding And Enhancing Soil Biological Health: The Solution For Reversing Soil Degradation, R. Michael Lehman, Cynthia A. Cambardella, Diane E. Stott, Veronica Acosta-Martinez, Daniel K. Manter, Jeffrey S. Buyer, Jude E. Maul, Jeffrey L. Smith, Harold P. Collins, Jonathan J. Halvorson, Robert J. Kremer, Jonathan G. Lundgren, Thomas F. Ducey, Virginia L. Jin, Douglas L. Karlen Jan 2015

Understanding And Enhancing Soil Biological Health: The Solution For Reversing Soil Degradation, R. Michael Lehman, Cynthia A. Cambardella, Diane E. Stott, Veronica Acosta-Martinez, Daniel K. Manter, Jeffrey S. Buyer, Jude E. Maul, Jeffrey L. Smith, Harold P. Collins, Jonathan J. Halvorson, Robert J. Kremer, Jonathan G. Lundgren, Thomas F. Ducey, Virginia L. Jin, Douglas L. Karlen

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Our objective is to provide an optimistic strategy for reversing soil degradation by increasing public and private research efforts to understand the role of soil biology, particularly microbiology, on the health of our world’s soils. We begin by defining soil quality/soil health (which we consider to be interchangeable terms), characterizing healthy soil resources, and relating the significance of soil health to agroecosystems and their functions. We examine how soil biology influences soil health and how biological properties and processes contribute to sustainability of agriculture and ecosystem services. We continue by examining what can be done to manipulate soil biology to: …

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Herbert Spencer And His American Audience, Joel F. Yoder Jan 2015

Herbert Spencer And His American Audience, Joel F. Yoder

Dissertations

The philosopher Herbert Spencer (1820-1903) is little remembered today, but in the late nineteenth century he was a world-renowned figure and widely read. Spencer was popular in his native England, but even more highly regarded in America. Modern scholars generally understand this popularity as stemming from Spencer’s social Darwinism—that is, his belief that natural selection does and should operate on humans to improve mankind. On the other hand, many of those who have studied Spencer’s work claim that he was not a social Darwinist at all. It is my contention that Spencer was a social Darwinist, but that other aspects …

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Fertilizers In Aquaculture, Bartholomew Green Jan 2015

Fertilizers In Aquaculture, Bartholomew Green

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Pond fertilization is an important component of semi-intensive to intensive aquaculture pond management that supports successful production of the culture organism. Semi-intensive and intensive aquaculture pond management fall along the extensive to hyper-intensive management continuum and are characterized by high stocking rate of the culture animal, limited use of fertilizers, use of compound or complete feeds, and water quality monitoring and management, including use of mechanical aeration. Fertilization contributes to establishing and maintaining a pond environment that allows the culture organism to utilize efficiently the compound or complete feeds offered. This chapter presents information on pond food webs, sources and …

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Zap-70, Ctla-4 And Proximal T Cell Receptor Signaling In Cows Infected With Mycobacterium Avium Subsp. Paratuberculosis, Fernando L. Leite, Livia B. Eslabão, Bruce Pesch, J. P. Bannantine, Timothy A. Rienhardt, Judith R. Stabel Jan 2015

Zap-70, Ctla-4 And Proximal T Cell Receptor Signaling In Cows Infected With Mycobacterium Avium Subsp. Paratuberculosis, Fernando L. Leite, Livia B. Eslabão, Bruce Pesch, J. P. Bannantine, Timothy A. Rienhardt, Judith R. Stabel

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Paratuberculosis is a chronic intestinal disease of ruminant animals caused by Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP). A hallmark of paratuberculosis is a transition from a cell-mediated Th1 type response to a humoral Th2 response with the progression of disease from a subclinical to clinical state. The objective of this study was to investigate the expression of two crucial molecules in T cell function, ZAP-70 (zeta-chain-associated protein of 70kDa) and CTLA-4 (cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4), in cows naturally infected with MAP. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) isolated from control non-infected cows (n = 5), and cows in subclinical (n = 6) and …

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Female Breakfast Skippers Display A Disrupted Cortisol Rhythm And Levated Blood Pressure, Megan Witbracht, Nancy L. Keim, Shavawn Forester, Adrianne Widaman, Kevin D. Laugero Jan 2015

Female Breakfast Skippers Display A Disrupted Cortisol Rhythm And Levated Blood Pressure, Megan Witbracht, Nancy L. Keim, Shavawn Forester, Adrianne Widaman, Kevin D. Laugero

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Chronic stress and over-activity in the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis may link breakfast skipping and poor cardiometabolic health. Missing the first major meal of the day in rodents prolongs elevated circulating corticosterone at a time when it's normally decreasing. To extend these findings to humans, we hypothesized that habitual breakfast skippers would display a similar pattern of circulating cortisol and alterations in meal and stress-induced cortisol reactions. Normal weight to obese women aged 18–45 years old who were strictly defined as either breakfast skippers (n = 30) or breakfast eaters (n = 35) were invited to participate in our …

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Hypoxia Affects Performance Traits And Body Composition Of Juvenile Hybrid Striped Bass (Morone Chrysops X M. Saxatilis), Bartholomew W. Green, Steven D. Rawles, Sidney A. Fuller, Benjamin H. Beck, Matthew E. Mcentire Jan 2015

Hypoxia Affects Performance Traits And Body Composition Of Juvenile Hybrid Striped Bass (Morone Chrysops X M. Saxatilis), Bartholomew W. Green, Steven D. Rawles, Sidney A. Fuller, Benjamin H. Beck, Matthew E. Mcentire

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Performance traits and body composition of juvenile hybrid striped bass (Morone chrysops x M. saxatilis) in response to hypoxia were evaluated in replicate tanks maintained at constant dissolved oxygen concentrations that averaged 23.0 ± 2.3%, 39.7 ± 3.0%, and 105.5 ± 9.5% dissolved oxygen saturation. Fish were fed a commercially formulated feed daily to apparent satiation. Total feed intake and fish growth and yield increased linearly in response to increased dissolved oxygen concentration. Nutrient utilization was reduced significantly only at the greatest level of hypoxia. With the exception of whole-body protein content, whole body compositional indices and nutrient …

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Nile Tilapia And Blue Tilapia Fry Production In A Subtropical Climate Based On Degree Days, Bartholomew W. Green, Esam H. Rizkalla Jan 2015

Nile Tilapia And Blue Tilapia Fry Production In A Subtropical Climate Based On Degree Days, Bartholomew W. Green, Esam H. Rizkalla

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

The relationship between production in subtropical earthen ponds of fry suitable for hormonal sex inversion and degree days was quantified for Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus; Egypt strain) and blue tilapia (O. aureus). Degree days were calculated for each trial as the sum of mean daily water column temperature minus the reference temperature, 15◦C. No fry from either species were harvested at fewer than 124–126 degree days. Total fry production for each increased linearly as cumulative degree days increased from 129 to 281 degree days. Production of fry suitable for hormonal sex inversion was positively related to …

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Responding To Requests For Assisted Reproductive Technology Intervention Involving Women Who Cannot Give Consent, Jennifer S. Bard, Lindsay Penrose Jan 2015

Responding To Requests For Assisted Reproductive Technology Intervention Involving Women Who Cannot Give Consent, Jennifer S. Bard, Lindsay Penrose

UF Law Faculty Publications

One of the plots of the Canadian science fiction thriller Orphan Black involves a scheme to create dozens of siblings by harvesting the eggs of one woman, fertilizing them with the sperm of a single man, and implanting them for gestation in dozens of apparently willing surrogates. The casualness of the procedure speaks to how comfortable we have all become with reproduction by technology. Yet there are still aspects of this process that remain outside the normative boundaries of most of our worldviews. This article considers recent advances in assisted reproductive technology (ART) that can result in a viable, fertilized …

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Registration Of ‘Newell’ Smooth Bromegrass, Kenneth P. Vogel, R. B. Mitchell, B. L. Waldron, M. R. Haferkamp, J. D. Berdahl, D. D. Baltensperger, Galen E. Erickson, Terry J. Klopfenstein Jan 2015

Registration Of ‘Newell’ Smooth Bromegrass, Kenneth P. Vogel, R. B. Mitchell, B. L. Waldron, M. R. Haferkamp, J. D. Berdahl, D. D. Baltensperger, Galen E. Erickson, Terry J. Klopfenstein

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

‘Newell’ (Reg. No. CV-275, PI 671851) smooth bromegrass (Bromus inermis Leyss.) is a steppe or southern type cultivar that is primarily adapted in the United States to areas north of 40° N and east of 100° W that have 500 mm or more annual precipitation or in areas that have similar climatic conditions because of elevation or latitude. It was developed to replace ‘Lincoln’, which is the most widely used smooth bromegrass cultivar in the region, by improving its forage digestibility. Newell bromegrass was developed by four generations of population improvement breeding for in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) …

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