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2014

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English-Learning One- To Two-Year-Olds Do Not Show A Consonant Bias In Word Learning., Caroline Floccia, Thierry Nazzi, Luche C Delle, Silvana Poltrock, Jeremy Goslin Jan 2014

English-Learning One- To Two-Year-Olds Do Not Show A Consonant Bias In Word Learning., Caroline Floccia, Thierry Nazzi, Luche C Delle, Silvana Poltrock, Jeremy Goslin

School of Psychology

Following the proposal that consonants are more involved than vowels in coding the lexicon (Nespor, Peña & Mehler, 2003), an early lexical consonant bias was found from age 1;2 in French but an equal sensitivity to consonants and vowels from 1;0 to 2;0 in English. As different tasks were used in French and English, we sought to clarify this ambiguity by using an interactive word-learning study similar to that used in French, with British-English-learning toddlers aged 1;4 and 1;11. Children were taught two CVC labels differing on either a consonant or vowel and tested on their pairing of a third …

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Evaluating The Application Of Research-Based Guidance To The Design Of An Emergency Preparedness Leaflet., E. Hellier, J. Edworthy, L. Newbold, K. Titchener, M. Tucker, E. Gabe-Thomas Jan 2014

Evaluating The Application Of Research-Based Guidance To The Design Of An Emergency Preparedness Leaflet., E. Hellier, J. Edworthy, L. Newbold, K. Titchener, M. Tucker, E. Gabe-Thomas

School of Psychology

UNLABELLED: Guidelines for the design of emergency communications were derived from primary research and interrogation of the literature. The guidelines were used to re-design a nuclear emergency preparedness leaflet routinely distributed to households in the local area. Pre-test measures of memory for, and self-reported understanding of, nuclear safety information were collected. The findings revealed high levels of non-receipt of the leaflet, and among those who did receive it, memory for safety advice was poor. Subjective evaluations of the trial leaflet suggested that it was preferred and judged easier to understand than the original. Objective measures of memory for the two …

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The Craving Experience Questionnaire: A Brief, Theory-Based Measure Of Consummatory Desire And Craving, Jon May, Jackie Andrade, David J. Kavanagh, Gerald F.X. Feeney, Mathew J. Gullo, Dixie J. Statham, Jessica Skorka-Brown, Jennifer M. Connolly, Mandy Cassimatis, Ross Mcd Young, Jason P. Connor Jan 2014

The Craving Experience Questionnaire: A Brief, Theory-Based Measure Of Consummatory Desire And Craving, Jon May, Jackie Andrade, David J. Kavanagh, Gerald F.X. Feeney, Mathew J. Gullo, Dixie J. Statham, Jessica Skorka-Brown, Jennifer M. Connolly, Mandy Cassimatis, Ross Mcd Young, Jason P. Connor

School of Psychology

Aims: Research into craving is hampered by lack of theoretical specification and a plethora of substance-specific measures. This study aimed to develop a generic measure of craving based on Elaborated Intrusion (EI) Theory. Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) examined whether a generic measure replicated the 3-factor structure of the Alcohol Craving Experience (ACE) scale over different consummatory targets and timeframes. Design: Twelve studies were pooled for CFA. Targets included alcohol, cigarettes, chocolate and food. Focal periods varied from the present moment to the previous week. Separate analyses were conducted for Strength and Frequency forms. Setting: Nine studies included university students, with …

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Patient Reports Of The Outcomes Of Treatment: A Structured Review Of Approaches, Helen Lloyd, Crispin Jenkinson, Monica Hadi, Elizabeth Gibbons, Ray Fitzpatrick Jan 2014

Patient Reports Of The Outcomes Of Treatment: A Structured Review Of Approaches, Helen Lloyd, Crispin Jenkinson, Monica Hadi, Elizabeth Gibbons, Ray Fitzpatrick

School of Psychology

No abstract provided.

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Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Thickness In Glaucomatous Nepalese Eyes And Its Relation With Visual Field Sensitivity, Safal Khanal, Madhu Thapa, Lyne Racette, Richard Johnson, Pinakin Gunvant Davey, Mahesh Raj Joshi, Gauri Shankar Shrestha Jan 2014

Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Thickness In Glaucomatous Nepalese Eyes And Its Relation With Visual Field Sensitivity, Safal Khanal, Madhu Thapa, Lyne Racette, Richard Johnson, Pinakin Gunvant Davey, Mahesh Raj Joshi, Gauri Shankar Shrestha

School of Health Professions

No abstract provided.

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A Biological, Latent Variable Model Of Health (Earlybird 68)., Michael E. Hyland, Alison N. Jeffery, Terence J. Wilkin Jan 2014

A Biological, Latent Variable Model Of Health (Earlybird 68)., Michael E. Hyland, Alison N. Jeffery, Terence J. Wilkin

School of Psychology

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether factor analysis of a set of health-related biomarkers provides evidence of an underlying common dimension of variation, and to explore the relationship between this dimension of variation with positive and negative affect. METHOD: Twelve health-related metabolic, immune and body-composition biomarkers at ages 5, 7, 9, 11, 14 and 16years were obtained from the EarlyBird longitudinal cohort of 347 children and supplemented by positive affect (PA) and negative affect (NA) measured at age 16years. RESULTS: At each age, principal factor analysis revealed that nine of the 12 biomarkers consistently loaded on the first extracted factor, accounting for …

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Destructive Behavior In A Fragile Public Good Game, Maximilian Hoyer, Nadège Bault, Ben Loerakker, Winden F Van Jan 2014

Destructive Behavior In A Fragile Public Good Game, Maximilian Hoyer, Nadège Bault, Ben Loerakker, Winden F Van

School of Psychology

No abstract provided.

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Perceptions Of Time In Relation To Climate Change, S Pahl, S Sheppard, C Boomsma, C Groves Jan 2014

Perceptions Of Time In Relation To Climate Change, S Pahl, S Sheppard, C Boomsma, C Groves

School of Psychology

No abstract provided.

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The Fate Of Redundant Cues: Further Analysis Of The Redundancy Effect, Peter M. Jones, John M. Pearce Jan 2014

The Fate Of Redundant Cues: Further Analysis Of The Redundancy Effect, Peter M. Jones, John M. Pearce

School of Psychology

Pearce, Dopson, Haselgrove, and Esber (Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes, 38, 167–179, 2012) conducted a series of experiments with rats and pigeons in which the conditioned responding elicited by two types of redundant cue was compared. One of these redundant cues was a blocked cue X from A+ AX+ training, whereas the other was cue Y from a simple discrimination BY+ CY–. Greater conditioned responding was elicited by X than by Y; we refer to this difference as the redundancy effect. To test an explanation of this effect in terms of comparator theory (Denniston, Savastano, & Miller, 2001), …

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Short Form Of The Orientations To Happiness Questionnaire For The German-Speaking Countries: Development And Analysis Of The Psychometric Properties, Willibald Ruch, María Luisa Martínez-Martí, Sonja Heintz, Symen A. Brouwers Jan 2014

Short Form Of The Orientations To Happiness Questionnaire For The German-Speaking Countries: Development And Analysis Of The Psychometric Properties, Willibald Ruch, María Luisa Martínez-Martí, Sonja Heintz, Symen A. Brouwers

School of Psychology

This paper addresses the development of a 9-item Short Form of the Orientations to Happiness (OTH) Questionnaire ( Peterson, Park, & Seligman, 2005 ) for German-speaking countries. This questionnaire measures three ways to happiness: life of pleasure, life of engagement, and life of meaning. In Experiment 1 (replication sample, N = 1,336), we replicated the three-factor structure found in the 18-item Parent Form. In Experiment 2 (validation sample, N = 222), we again replicated the three-factor structure, which showed a good fit to the data. The coefficients of congruence between the three factors in Experiments 1 and 2 were very …

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Development Of Sampling Efficiency And Internal Noise In Motion Detection And Discrimination In School-Aged Children, Hk Falkenberg, Wa Simpson, Gn Dutton Jan 2014

Development Of Sampling Efficiency And Internal Noise In Motion Detection And Discrimination In School-Aged Children, Hk Falkenberg, Wa Simpson, Gn Dutton

School of Psychology

The aim of this study was to use an equivalent noise (EN) to investigate the development and maturation of motion perception, and how the underlying limitations of sampling efficiency and internal noise effect motion detection and direction discrimination in school-aged children (5-14 years) and adults. Contrast energy thresholds of a 2 c/deg sinusoidal grating drifting at 1.0 or 6.0 Hz were measured as a function of added dynamic noise in three tasks: detection of a drifting grating; detection of the sum of two oppositely drifting gratings and direction discrimination of oppositely drifting gratings. Compared to the ideal observer, in both …

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When Do I Wear Me Out? Mental Simulation And The Diminution Of Self-Control., Cn Macrae, Bm Christian, M Golubickis, M Karanasiou, Et Al Jan 2014

When Do I Wear Me Out? Mental Simulation And The Diminution Of Self-Control., Cn Macrae, Bm Christian, M Golubickis, M Karanasiou, Et Al

School of Psychology

Exerting self-control can diminish people's capacity to engage in subsequent acts of behavioral regulation, a phenomenon termed ego depletion. But what of imaginary regulatory experiences-does simulated restraint elicit comparable lapses in self-control? Here we demonstrate such effects under theoretically tractable imagery conditions. Across 3 experiments, temporal, structural, and spatial components of mental simulation were observed to drive the efficacy of imaginary self-control. In Experiment 1, lapses in restraint (i.e., financial impulsivity) were more pronounced when imaginary regulation (i.e., dietary restraint) focused on an event in the near versus distant future. In Experiment 2, comparable effects (i.e., increased stereotyping) emerged when …

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Oculometric Variations During Mind Wandering, R Grandchamp, C Braboszcz, A Delorme Jan 2014

Oculometric Variations During Mind Wandering, R Grandchamp, C Braboszcz, A Delorme

School of Psychology

A significant body of literature supports the contention that pupil size varies depending on cognitive load, affective state, and level of drowsiness. Here we assessed whether oculometric measures such as gaze position, blink frequency and pupil size were correlated with the occurrence and time course of self-reported mind-wandering episodes. We recorded the pupil size of two subjects engaged in a monotonous breath counting task while keeping their eyes on a fixation cross. This task is conducive to producing mind-wandering episodes. Each subject performed ten 20-min sessions, for total duration of about 4 h. Subjects were instructed to report spontaneous mind-wandering …

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Online Identity And Interaction, Charlotte Nirmalani Gunawardena Jan 2014

Online Identity And Interaction, Charlotte Nirmalani Gunawardena

University Libraries & Learning Sciences Faculty and Staff Publications

The increasing interest in developing online learning communities and communities of practice (COP) has generated the exploration into issues of identity that impact online communication.

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Supporting Diverse Online Learners, Charlotte Nirmalani Gunawardena Jan 2014

Supporting Diverse Online Learners, Charlotte Nirmalani Gunawardena

University Libraries & Learning Sciences Faculty and Staff Publications

Learner support is the critical link in online education. A learner support system is comprised of human and non-human resources that contribute to the learning process of an online course and should be designed as an integral part of the course. For example, if the online course requires students to access library resources to complete a research paper, then, easy access to library resources must be provided as part of the learner support system for that course. Learner support for online learners will differ based on the context, learner characteristics such as needs, expectations, prior learning experiences, etc., and the …

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Executive Mba Students’ Information Skills And Knowledge: Discovering The Difference Between Work And Academics, Todd Quinn, Lora Leligdon Jan 2014

Executive Mba Students’ Information Skills And Knowledge: Discovering The Difference Between Work And Academics, Todd Quinn, Lora Leligdon

University Libraries & Learning Sciences Faculty and Staff Publications

This study explores Executive MBA students’ information seeking skills and knowledge in academic and workplace environments in order to improve on library instruction. Our research consisted of a survey and 12 qualitative interviews, sampled from two University of New Mexico EMBA cohorts. The themes that emerged included: EMBA’s specific skills and knowledge of their own industry’s information, difficulty in finding new information, several barriers, and lack of transferability. By discussing adult learning theory and focusing on transferability, we can help students acknowledge and transfer their information skills and knowledge between academics and work.

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Security Of Tenure, Capital Accumulation, And Quality Of Life For Poverty Alleviation, Mark Anthony M. Velasco, Crisanto Q. Regadio, Marie Bembie A. Girado Jan 2014

Security Of Tenure, Capital Accumulation, And Quality Of Life For Poverty Alleviation, Mark Anthony M. Velasco, Crisanto Q. Regadio, Marie Bembie A. Girado

SDRC Publications

No abstract provided.

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Plotting Devices: Literary Darwinism In The Laboratory, John Hay Jan 2014

Plotting Devices: Literary Darwinism In The Laboratory, John Hay

English Faculty Research

Critics of literary Darwinism like to point out the weaknesses of its scientific scaffolding, but the real flaw in this research program is its neglect of literary history and stylistic evolution. A full-fledged scientific approach to literary criticism should incorporate the kind of work being done by Franco Moretti at the Stanford Literary Lab—a quantitative analysis of the history of literary form. While Moretti and the literary Darwinists are almost never mentioned together, I contend that their work is not only compatible but also necessarily so for a more consilient literary criticism. The Darwinian aesthetics promoted by Denis Dutton can …

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Review Of Walden's Shore: Henry David Thoreau And Nineteenth-Century Science, By Robert M. Thorson, John Hay Jan 2014

Review Of Walden's Shore: Henry David Thoreau And Nineteenth-Century Science, By Robert M. Thorson, John Hay

English Faculty Research

With the rise of ecocriticism, many recent studies of Thoreau’s writings have favorably reconsidered the author’s strong relationship with science; this trend received much of its impetus from Laura Dassow Walls’s Seeing New Worlds: Henry David Thoreau and Nineteenth-Century NaturalScience (Madison, WI, 1995). Similarly subtitled, Walden’s Shore begins by explaining that such scholarship still lacks an engagement with hard science and that a solid understanding of Thoreau’s work, and especially of Walden (1854), requires more intimate knowledge of geological phenomena. Robert Thorson is a professor of geology at the University of Connecticut whose last book, Beyond Walden: The Hidden History …

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