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Articles 131581 - 131610 of 135668
Full-Text Articles in Entire DC Network
Baseline Measures Associated With Subsequent Weight Loss In Overweight Girls, Alexandra French
Baseline Measures Associated With Subsequent Weight Loss In Overweight Girls, Alexandra French
All ETDs from UAB
Purpose: To evaluate the relationships among baseline weight, resting energy expenditure (REE), and aerobic fitness (AF) with subsequent weight loss in pre-pubertal overweight girls (7-11) undergoing a dietary weight-loss program. Methods: Using data from a prior study (PRIMO Study, PI Krista Casazza, PhD, RD at UAB) baseline measures of baseline weight, REE, and AF of 22 participants were analyzed using SPSS statistical program. The purpose of the PRIMO Study was to compare two diets differing in carbohydrate and fat content in improving metabolic outcomes, and to achieve weight loss in overweight pre-pubertal girls aged 7-11. The inclusion criteria for the …
Exploring Novel System Biology Approaches To Understand The Molecular Mechanisms Of Immune Responses, Cassandra Camille Garbutt
Exploring Novel System Biology Approaches To Understand The Molecular Mechanisms Of Immune Responses, Cassandra Camille Garbutt
All ETDs from UAB
nesting behavior on sex ratios and survival of eggs and hatchlings. The results indicate
An Evolutionary Study Of Dynamic Cognitive Game Captchas: Automated Attacks And Defenses, Song Gao
An Evolutionary Study Of Dynamic Cognitive Game Captchas: Automated Attacks And Defenses, Song Gao
All ETDs from UAB
CAPTCHAs represent a primary defense mechanism against online attacks and resource abuse. However, existing CAPTCHA solutions (e.g., distorted static text-based CAPTCHAs) suffer from significant security problems. Recent research has demonstrated that many current forms of CAPTCHAs can be solved with a high accuracy using automated techniques. This vulnerability associated with traditional CAPTCHAs thus provides a sound motivation to explore CAPTCHA alternatives. In this dissertation, we study a broad class of game-based CAPTCHAs, called the Dynamic Cognitive Game (DCG) CAPTCHAs, which challenge the user to perform a game-like cognitive task interacting with a series of dynamic objects. Specifically, we focus on …
Assessing Patient Care Quality From Hospital Employed Physicians, Kerry Gil Gillihan
Assessing Patient Care Quality From Hospital Employed Physicians, Kerry Gil Gillihan
All ETDs from UAB
ASSESSING PATIENT CARE QUALITY FROM HOSPITAL EMPLOYED PHYSICIANS KERRY GILLIHAN ADMINISTRATION-HEALTH SERVICES ABSTRACT Background: Physician employment by hospitals and healthcare systems has become a growing phenomenon in America. Also the emphasis on improving patient care quality is receiving increasing attention. Moreover, recent changes in federal regulation and reimbursement have made improving patient care quality an imperative for hospitals and their medical staffs. The purpose of this study was to determine if there is a demonstrable relationship between hospital employed physicians and the quality of their patient care. Methods: Physician quality measurements were obtained from a prominent community hospital with roughly …
Mitochondrial Dysfunction In Response To Neurotoxins And The Role Of Mitophagy, Samantha Giordano
Mitochondrial Dysfunction In Response To Neurotoxins And The Role Of Mitophagy, Samantha Giordano
All ETDs from UAB
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder. Two major factors in both familial and sporadic PD are mitochondrial dysfunction and insufficient autophagy. My thesis research focuses on the interplay between these activities in PD. To investigate the common and differential effects of PD-inducing neurotoxins on mitochondrial bioenergetics and their relationships to cell survival, we used an in vitro culture system, differentiated dopaminergic SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells. We found that the neurotoxins rotenone, 1-methyl-4- phenylyridinium (MPP+) and 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA), decreased mitochondrial respiration and induced cell death in these cells. The extent and characteristics of mitochondrial dysfunction in response to …
Three Studies On Family Meals: Examining The Predictors Of Family Meals And Its Impact On Adolescent Health, Samantha Sittig Goldfarb
Three Studies On Family Meals: Examining The Predictors Of Family Meals And Its Impact On Adolescent Health, Samantha Sittig Goldfarb
All ETDs from UAB
This three-manuscript dissertation addresses gaps in the literature related to the predictors of family meals and its impact on adolescent health behavior. Sharing dinner as a family has been promoted by the media and many researchers as an ideal environment to enrich the parent-child bond and subsequently reduce adolescent risk behaviors such as substance use and delinquency. This dissertation centers on three topics, in particular: (1) the nature of the family meal literature given the multiple adolescent health behavior outcomes, study designs, and model types investigated and used by researchers, (2) the impact of family dinners on adolescent school problems, …
Therapeutic Ck2 Inhibition Attenuates Diverse Prosurvival Signaling Cascades And Decreases Cell Viability In Human Breast Cancer Cells, Gary Kenneth Gray
Therapeutic Ck2 Inhibition Attenuates Diverse Prosurvival Signaling Cascades And Decreases Cell Viability In Human Breast Cancer Cells, Gary Kenneth Gray
All ETDs from UAB
Breast cancer is the most common malignancy in women worldwide, and it remains a major cause of mortality, thus necessitating further advancements in treatment. In breast cancer, numerous cell signaling pathways are aberrantly activated in order to produce the myriad phenotypes associated with malignancy; such pathways include the PI3K/Akt/mTOR, NF-κB and JAK/STAT cascades. These pathways are highly interconnected, but one prominent lateral enhancer of each is the remarkably promiscuous kinase CK2. CK2 expression has been shown to be elevated in human cancer, thus implicating it in tumorigenesis through its effects on known oncogenic signaling cascades. In this study, differential aberrant …
Regulation Of Skeletal Muscle Plasticity Using Engineered Configurations Of The Transcription Factors Myod And E12, Vladimir Grubisic
Regulation Of Skeletal Muscle Plasticity Using Engineered Configurations Of The Transcription Factors Myod And E12, Vladimir Grubisic
All ETDs from UAB
Skeletal muscle fibers, although terminally differentiated, can change their features, such as contraction speed and endurance, and throughout adult life in response to variety of stimuli, like exercise. This process is called plasticity and is mainly regulated by the type of nerve activity. Over the past several decades, research has shown that the properties of myofibers are also determined during muscle development. Ultimately, the change in phenotype requires a change in gene expression which is, in turn, regulated by transcription factors (TFs). Basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) TFs regulate myogenesis and the central role belongs to the myogenic differentiation 1 (MyoD), often …
The Role Of Human Ficolin-2 During Invasive Pneumococcal Disease, Allison Marie Brady
The Role Of Human Ficolin-2 During Invasive Pneumococcal Disease, Allison Marie Brady
All ETDs from UAB
Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus) is a significant human pathogen that typically resides in the nasopharynx of humans. The major virulence factor of pneumococcus is its capsular polysaccharide, of which it can express over 90 unique serotypes. However, there is great disparity in which serotypes colonize or cause disease, though the reason for these differences are not well understood. Serotype 11A is one such serotype that frequently colonizes the nasopharynx of children, but rarely causes disease. Interestingly, serotype 11E, a variant of 11A, varies only in the O-acetylation of a galactose residue in its polysaccharide repeating unit. This difference in structure is …
Equation Of State And Electrical Resistivity Of Cerium Cobalt Pentaindium And The Dynamics Of Nucleation And Growth Of Metallic Domains In Vanadium Dioxide, Nathaniel Brady
All ETDs from UAB
This dissertation covers two projects on materials with bulk electronic properties that result from strong electron-electron interactions. The first project focuses on the heavy-fermion superconductor CeCoIn5. To elucidate the electronic properties of CeCoIn5, we performed high-pressure electronic characterization and X-ray diffraction. The crystalline structure of CeCoIn5 is in the P4/mmm space group at pressures up to 51.2 GPa. Using a designer diamond anvil cell, we measured the pressure-dependent resistance up to 35 GPa at ambient temperature. To determine the resistivity, we numerically modeled the diamond anvil cell using a finite element analysis approach. The resistivity was obtained as a function …
Determining The Role Of Neuregulin-1 And Its Erbb Receptors In The Pathogenesis Of Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumors, Stephanie Brosius
Determining The Role Of Neuregulin-1 And Its Erbb Receptors In The Pathogenesis Of Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumors, Stephanie Brosius
All ETDs from UAB
Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNSTs) are the most common cause of death in patients with neurofibromatosis type-1. These aggressive, Schwann cell-derived tumors have no treatment beyond surgical resection. Developing targeted chemotherapeutics remains crucial to improving patient survival. The Schwann cell mitogen neuregulin-1 (NRG1) was shown to mediate the migration, proliferation and survival of MPNSTs. Furthermore, overexpression of NRG1 in Schwann cells (P0-GGF beta 3 mice) on an outbred C57BL/6J x SJL/J background induced the formation of neurofibromas and MPNSTs similar to human disease, yet these mice have intact neurofibromin. To determine if NRG1 acts within the same signaling cascade …
Long-Term Stability Of Maxillary Advancement In Non-Syndromic Cleft Lip And Palate Patients Using The Red Ii System, Jared Adrian Carter
Long-Term Stability Of Maxillary Advancement In Non-Syndromic Cleft Lip And Palate Patients Using The Red Ii System, Jared Adrian Carter
All ETDs from UAB
Objective: The purpose of this study is to evaluate skeletal stability at a minimum of one year following maxillary advancement distraction osteogenesis with the KLS Martin RED II System in non-syndromic CLP patients treated at UAB SOD. Methods: This retrospective cohort study evaluated 20 non-syndromic CLP patients (12 males, 8 females, average age 10.97) treated at the UAB SOD by the same surgeon for maxillary hypoplasia with rigid external distraction using the RED II System (KLS Mar-tin Group, Tuttlingen, Germany). Pre-surgical (T1), post-consolidation (T2), and LTFU (T3) radiographs were digitized and analyzed with via a custom analysis to evaluate treatment …
Cd5-Dependent Ck2 Activation Is Critical For The Maintenance Of B-1a B Cells, Kevin S. Cashman
Cd5-Dependent Ck2 Activation Is Critical For The Maintenance Of B-1a B Cells, Kevin S. Cashman
All ETDs from UAB
CD5 has classically been shown to act as a negative regulator of antigen receptor signaling, however recent evidence has discerned that the CD5 molecule contains a previously undefined cytoplasmic domain which constitutively binds inactive CK2 and facilitates its activation through CD5 ligation. With the development of a mouse model which contains a micro-deletion knock-in form of CD5 which lacks the amino acids necessary to facilitate this CD5-CK2 interaction, it is now understood that CD5 plays a more significant role in cellular physiology than previously appreciated. T cells from this mouse model show increased AICD and dysregulation in T helper subset …
The Role Of Children's Books In Classroom Discourse And Pedagogy, Deborah Bailey
The Role Of Children's Books In Classroom Discourse And Pedagogy, Deborah Bailey
All ETDs from UAB
This qualitative case study explored the factors that contributed to how typical book reading practices and the time spent on book reading were implemented during the school day. Previous research has shown the importance of reading books to young children and that providing access to books has led to reading growth and progress. However, little research has focused on actually identifying how or if books are used during the course of a classroom day. This investigation was conducted in three elementary schools within two school districts in the southeastern United States. Study participants included eight elementary teachers who taught a …
Physician-Parent Interactions In Pediatric End-Of-Life Care: Implications For Integrative Communication, Decision-Making And Ethics Training*, Lori Brand Bateman
Physician-Parent Interactions In Pediatric End-Of-Life Care: Implications For Integrative Communication, Decision-Making And Ethics Training*, Lori Brand Bateman
All ETDs from UAB
In this dissertation, I utilized a primarily qualitative mixed methods longitudinal process to explore physician-parent pediatric end-of-life communication. Between August 2011 and March 2012, participant pediatric physicians (N=21) from emergency medicine (PEM) and critical care (PCC) were presented with a standardized case of an 8 year-old child in respiratory distress who had a degenerative neurological disorder and was nearing the end-of-life. Participants were observed in a timed simulation experience and given a physician-parent participatory communication score. All simulations were followed by a post-simulation debriefing interview. Then, between March and October 2012, a total of 17 of the original 21 participants …
Acculturation And Social Support As Predictors Of Physical Activity In A Web-Based Intervention For Latinas, Tanya Benitez
Acculturation And Social Support As Predictors Of Physical Activity In A Web-Based Intervention For Latinas, Tanya Benitez
All ETDs from UAB
Latinas in the United States report high levels of physical inactivity and are disproportionately burdened by associated chronic diseases, demonstrating the need for innovative approaches to reducing these disparities. The purpose of the current study was to evaluate self-reported changes in physical activity and social support, and to examine the association between physical activity and acculturation, following a one month culturally and linguistically adapted, theory-driven (Social Cognitive Theory and Transtheoretical Model) Internet-based physical activity intervention for Latina adults. Data was collected from Spanish-speaking Latinas (N=24) between the ages of 21-61 years (M=35.17, SD=11.22) enrolled in a web-based physical activity pilot …
Recognition Of Hiv-1 Cryptic Epitopes During Infection And Following Vaccination, Anne Bet
Recognition Of Hiv-1 Cryptic Epitopes During Infection And Following Vaccination, Anne Bet
All ETDs from UAB
Cryptic epitopes (CE) are a unique set of human leukocyte antigen class I (HLA-I)-restricted peptides that are encoded by alternative reading frames (ARFs) of genes. During human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) infection, CE translated from either sense or antisense transcripts elicit epitope-specific CD8 T cell responses. Previous studies using simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV)-vaccinated animals have shown that an increased breadth of CD8 T cell responses is correlated with controlling viral replication, therefore stressing the potential clinical benefit of vaccine-induced T cell responses to a diverse set of viral epitopes. Yet, the genetic profiles and immunological significance of CE remain poorly understood. …
A Systematic Evaluation Of An Educational Bible Study Classes Focusing On Diabetes Prevention - Just Having C.H.U.R.C.H: Controlling How Unhealthy Regimens Can Hurt., Latoya Rena Bishop
A Systematic Evaluation Of An Educational Bible Study Classes Focusing On Diabetes Prevention - Just Having C.H.U.R.C.H: Controlling How Unhealthy Regimens Can Hurt., Latoya Rena Bishop
All ETDs from UAB
Diabetes is a growing problem in public health and the African-American population. Preventive measures such as changes in diet, increasing physical activity, and weight control are behaviors that will lead to a healthier lifestyle and prevent the onset of diabetes. The purpose of this study was to determine if the National Diabetes Education Program Power to Prevent curriculum improved diabetes prevention perceptions and behaviors among participants receiving the curriculum. The study tested the effectiveness of Power to Prevent specifically designed for African-Americans, paired with scripture in a bible school format, for diabetes prevention in local Baptist churches in Birmingham, AL. …
The Modulation Of High Density Lipoprotein Metabolism In Systemic Lupus Erythematosus, Leland Latham Black
The Modulation Of High Density Lipoprotein Metabolism In Systemic Lupus Erythematosus, Leland Latham Black
All ETDs from UAB
Apolipoprotein A-I (ApoA-I), the major lipid-binding protein of high-density lipoprotein (HDL), can suppress inflammation and autoimmunity in hypercholesterolemic mice by modulating cellular cholesterol homeostasis and lipid oxidation. However, the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved are poorly understood, and whether ApoA-I or ApoA-I mimetic peptides can similarly exert immunosuppressive effects or improve inflammatory organ disease in SLE under normolipidemic conditions remains unresolved. We therefore first took a genetic approach in which bone marrow from SLE-prone Sle123 mice was transferred into wild-type, ApoA-I knockout (ApoA-I-/-) and ApoA-I transgenic (ApoA-Itg) mice. Transgenic expression of ApoA-I suppressed CD4+ T and B lymphocyte activation, reduced …
Examining Neuropsychological Sequelae Of Chronic Pain And The Effect Of Immediate-Release Opioid Analgesics, Cady Block
Examining Neuropsychological Sequelae Of Chronic Pain And The Effect Of Immediate-Release Opioid Analgesics, Cady Block
All ETDs from UAB
Introduction: Patients commonly complain of subjective side effects of opioid use, including forgetfulness, slowed processing speed, confusion, and sedation - which have raised concerns about potential cognitive impairment. However, research on the effects of opioids on objective neuropsychological performance is thus far equivocal and, unfortunately, many of the studies cited as support for opioid-related impairment do not fully account for the neuropsychological effects of chronic pain, which has been shown to affect many of the same neuropsychological domains purported to be affected by opioids. To that end, we sought to examine whether: 1) chronic nociceptive pain itself results in objective …
The Role Of The Developing Microbiome In Mucosal Defense Of The Neonatal Gut, Emily G. Blosser
The Role Of The Developing Microbiome In Mucosal Defense Of The Neonatal Gut, Emily G. Blosser
All ETDs from UAB
Neonatal late-onset sepsis is invasive infection occurring after the first 48 hours of life, and one of the leading causes of death among preterm infants in the United States and abroad. Infections with Gram-negative bacteria, such as Klebsiella pneumonia, occurring when bacteria translocate across premature gut epithelium into the bloodstream, can be particularly severe. Preterm infants in the neonatal intensive care unit undergo intense antibiotic regimens due to high risk of infection. Paradoxically, prolonged exposure of preterm infants to empiric antibiotic therapy early in the hospital stay is associated with increased risk of intestinal infection and death after adjustment for …
Glycine Supplementation To Improve Insulin Sensitivity In Humans, Marie-Hippolyte Boni Epse Attobla
Glycine Supplementation To Improve Insulin Sensitivity In Humans, Marie-Hippolyte Boni Epse Attobla
All ETDs from UAB
The main purpose of this pilot study was to investigate the insulin sensitizing effect of glycine as a dietary supplement in insulin resistant (IR) normoglycemic subjects (N= 10), and to determine significant changes in insulin sensitivity and lipid profile after four weeks of glycine supplementation. Descriptive statistics were used to describe the basic characteristics of the study population. A paired t-test was used to determine differences between insulin sensitivity and lipid profile pre- and post- intervention, considering the estimation of HOMA-IR and Matsuda- index scores. Results showed that glycine supplementation might improve triglyceride (TG) levels in European Americans; and low-density …
Exposure To Methylmercury Via Fish Consumption In Ghana And An Evaluation Of Methylmercury Toxicity Under A Low Food Ration In Daphnia Pulex, Dzigbodi Adzo Doke
Exposure To Methylmercury Via Fish Consumption In Ghana And An Evaluation Of Methylmercury Toxicity Under A Low Food Ration In Daphnia Pulex, Dzigbodi Adzo Doke
All ETDs from UAB
For many people of the world, fish is a primary source of protein, especially in countries like Ghana, where about 60% of the protein consumed is derived from fish. Fish advisories have been established by some nations to protect the public from harmful health effects linked to eating contaminated fish. Methylmercury (MeHg) is one such contaminant that has resulted in fish advisories. Fish advisories have not been developed in Ghana, although MeHg contamination of aquatic ecosystems is likely due to the long history of mercury (Hg) use in artisanal gold mining. To address this gap in our knowledge, I compiled …
Development Of A Patient-Derived Xenograft Model Of Ovarian Cancer To Characterize The Chemotherapy Resistant Population, Zachary Christopher Dobbin
Development Of A Patient-Derived Xenograft Model Of Ovarian Cancer To Characterize The Chemotherapy Resistant Population, Zachary Christopher Dobbin
All ETDs from UAB
Ovarian cancer while the second most common gynecologic malignancy is the most commons cause of death due to a gynecologic malignancy and the fifth most common cause of death to cancer in women. In 2014, there will be an expected 21,980 cases and 14,270 deaths. Unfortunately, the five-year survival for ovarian cancer is only 40% and this has barely increased over the past 30 years. New approaches need to be developed in order to study ovarian cancer and identify methods of overcoming chemotherapy resistance. This dissertation presents the work conducted in the development of a patient-derived xenograft model of ovarian …
The Role Of The Planar Cell Polarity Pathway In The Second Heart Field During Outflow Tract Morphogenesis, Tanvi Sinha
The Role Of The Planar Cell Polarity Pathway In The Second Heart Field During Outflow Tract Morphogenesis, Tanvi Sinha
All ETDs from UAB
Outflow Tract (OFT) malformations underlie a majority of congenital heart defects (CHD) in humans and are a leading cause of childhood mortality. The OFT, which gives rise to the aorta and pulmonary artery of the heart, relies on the contribution of the Second Heart Field (SHF) progenitors in the pharyngeal and the splanchnic mesoderm, outside of the initial heart. OFT morphogenesis requires highly regulated SHF development involving the proliferation, differentiation and deployment of the SHF progenitors to the heart. Extensive studies elegantly demonstrate how transcriptional networks integrating signaling input from multiple pathways finely balance the proliferation and differentiation of SHF …
Modulation Of The Immune Response To Aspergillus Fumigatus By Antibodies To Conserved Bacterial Polysaccharides, Emily Stefanov
Modulation Of The Immune Response To Aspergillus Fumigatus By Antibodies To Conserved Bacterial Polysaccharides, Emily Stefanov
All ETDs from UAB
The incidence of asthma, allergies and autoimmune diseases has increased dramatically in developed countries. The hygiene hypothesis postulates that excessively sanitary conditions lead to a lack of critical immune stimulation during early life, leading to inappropriate responses to self or harmless antigens later in life. Many bacteria and potential allergens share common polysaccharide epitopes. We investigated the ability of antibodies against these shared polysaccharides to dampen the immune response to the ubiquitous fungus and potent allergen, Aspergillus fumigatus. We found that antibodies against these polysaccharides, specifically of the IgM isotype, induced by neonatal bacterial immunization or passive antibody transfer, dampened …
Neuroplastic Change In Adults With Hemiparetic Multiple Sclerosis Following Constraint-Induced Movement Therapy, Chelsey Sterling
Neuroplastic Change In Adults With Hemiparetic Multiple Sclerosis Following Constraint-Induced Movement Therapy, Chelsey Sterling
All ETDs from UAB
Constraint-Induced Movement (CI) therapy has been found to produce substantial improvements in upper-extremity functioning in both adults and children following damage to the central nervous system (CNS), including stroke, traumatic brain injury and cerebral palsy. In addition, structural changes in the sensorimotor cortices and bilateral hippocampi have been observed in both adults and children following CI therapy treatment for upper extremity hemiparesis. Although most research has been conducted in patients with such static injuries as strokes and TBI, clinical efficacy of CI therapy has also been demonstrated in a small number of patients with the progressive autoimmune disorder, multiple sclerosis …
"Duty For To-Day, Hope For The Morrow": Alexander Crummell's Communitarian Ideal, Jennifer E. Stitt
"Duty For To-Day, Hope For The Morrow": Alexander Crummell's Communitarian Ideal, Jennifer E. Stitt
All ETDs from UAB
A complicated thinker, full of paradoxes, Alexander Crummell (1819-1898) engaged deeply with the world around him. He established prominent public relationships with often deified figures such as Frederick Douglass, W. E. B. Du Bois, and Booker T. Washington; he crossed transatlantic boundaries, impacting the lives of whites and blacks in America, England, and West Africa; and he continually searched for a community where blacks could freely exercise their rights and fulfill the duties of citizenship and self-governance. He championed black nationalism and racial pride, but, at the same time, he imagined and idealized a cohesive cosmopolitan community, a kind of …
Socio-Demographic Characteristics, Medical Indications, And Perinatal Outcomes Associated With Interventional Early Term Delivery, Kelley Swatzell
Socio-Demographic Characteristics, Medical Indications, And Perinatal Outcomes Associated With Interventional Early Term Delivery, Kelley Swatzell
All ETDs from UAB
The results indicate an approximate 75% female bias being produced in the egg corral.
Association Of Blood Pressure Phenotypes With Kidney Disease, Rikki M. Tanner
Association Of Blood Pressure Phenotypes With Kidney Disease, Rikki M. Tanner
All ETDs from UAB
model. The sex ratios produced in the fluctuating temperature experiments were not