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Promotion Of Environmental Engagement Through Positive Youth Development In Tanzania, Katherine Westfall

Honors Theses

With climate change and environmental degradation already having devastating effects on communities in sub-Saharan Africa, enhancing youth's commitment to the environment and mobilizing their pro-environmental action is increasingly urgent. In this study, we explored predictors of environmental commitment and action based on a model of positive youth development. We predicted that sociodemographics, self-efficacy, connection to nature, sense of community, and club participation would predict environmental commitment and action. Tanzanian youth (N = 959) from regions across the country completed self-report measures assessing these constructs. Using a series of logistic and hierarchical multiple regressions, we were able to predict statistically significant …

Exploring Perceptions And Experiences With Research Ethics In Bolivia, Sarah Sullivan, Armando Basagoitia, Annette Aalborg, Oscar Lanza, Jacqueline Cortez

Background: In Bolivia, there is increasing interest in the necessity of incorporating research ethics into study designs and procedures, but there is minimal data on the perceptions and experiences of Bolivian health science faculty, researchers, and national health administrators on research ethics. The Touro University California (TUC) Public Health Program is partnering with Bolivian universities to develop a comprehensive Research Education Ethics Program. In 2013, The Universidad Mayor de San Andrés received a National Institute of Health/Fogarty International Center Planning Grant award to develop the program. The two central aims of this program needs assessment are to describe the …

Beneficial Reuse Of Locally-Available Waste Materials As Lightweight Aggregate In Lightweight Concrete, Brienna E. Rust

Dissertations, Master's Theses and Master's Reports - Open

This study investigated the physical characteristics of lightweight concrete produced using waste materials as coarse aggregate. The study was inspired by the author’s Peace Corps service in Kilwa, Tanzania. Coconut shell, sisal fiber, and PET plastic were chosen as the test waste products due to their abundance in the area. Two mixes were produced for each waste product and the mix proportions designed for resulting compressive strengths of 3000 and 5000 psi. The proportions were selected based on guidelines for lightweight concrete from the American Concrete Institute. In preparation for mixing, coconut shells were crushed into aggregate no larger than …

Values And Services Of A Protected Riverine Estuary In East Africa: The Wami River And Saadani National Park, Catherine Grace Mcnally

Open Access Dissertations

The dialogue pertaining to the management of riverine and coastal ecosystems has evolved over the past decade to consider ecosystem goods and services due to their ability to link ecosystem structure and function to human well-being. Ecosystem services are “a wide range of conditions and processes through which natural ecosystems, and the species that are part of them, help sustain and fulfill human life” (Daily et al. 1997 p.2). Ecosystem goods emerge from ecosystem services and are defined as “organisms and their parts and products that grow in the wild and … are used directly for human benefits” (Daily et …

Aetiology Of Acute Febrile Episodes In Children Attending Korogwe District Hospital In North-Eastern Tanzania, C. Mahende, B. Ngasala, J. Lusingu, A. Butichi, P. Lushino, M. Lemnge, Zul Premji

Pathology, East Africa

Introduction: Although the burden of malaria in many parts of Tanzania has declined, the proportion of children with fever has not changed. This situation underscores the need to explore the possible causes of febrile episodes in patients presenting with symptoms at the Korogwe District Hospital (KDH).

Methods: A hospital based cross-sectional study was conducted at KDH, north-eastern Tanzania. Patients aged 2 to 59 months presenting at the outpatient department with an acute medical condition and fever (measured axillary temperature ≥37.5°C) were enrolled. Blood samples were examined for malaria parasites, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and bacterial infections. A urine culture was …

Using Verbal Autopsy To Measure Causes Of Death: The Comparative Performance Of Existing Methods, C.J.L. Mahende, R. Lozano, A.D. Flaxman, P. Serina, D. Phillips, A. Stewart, S.L. James, A. Vahdatpour, C. Atkinson, M.K. Freeman, S.L. Ohno, R. Black, S.M. Ali, A.H. Baqui, L. Dandona, E. Dantzer, G.L. Darmstadt, V. Das, U. Dhingra, A. Dutta, W. Fawzi, S. Gomez, B. Hernandez, R. Joshi, H.D. Kalter, A. Kumar, V. Kumar, M. Lucero, S. Mehta, Zul Premji, D. Ramirez-Villalobos, H. Remolador, I. Riley, M. Romero, M. Said, D. Sanvictores, S. Sazawal, V. Tallo, A. D. Lopez

Pathology, East Africa

Background: Monitoring progress with disease and injury reduction in many populations will require widespread use of verbal autopsy (VA). Multiple methods have been developed for assigning cause of death from a VA but their application is restricted by uncertainty about their reliability.

Methods: We investigated the validity of five automated VA methods for assigning cause of death: InterVA-4, Random Forest (RF), Simplified Symptom Pattern (SSP), Tariff method (Tariff), and King-Lu (KL), in addition to physician review of VA forms (PCVA), based on 12,535 cases from diverse populations for which the true cause of death had been reliably established. For adults, …

Cultivating A Culture Of Success In Catholic Secondary Schools In Tanzania, Peter Felix Asantebwana

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Many people agree that a "child's teacher can make a bigger difference to his or her educational success than most other school variables" (Darling-Hammond, 2006, p. 19). Quality education as a result of quality teaching has been a subject of discussion in many countries (Karras, & Wolhuter, 2010). According to Nyerere (1967), "the purpose of education is to pass from one generation to the next the accumulated wisdom and knowledge of the society, and to prepare the young people for their future membership of the society and their active participation in its maintenance or development" (p. 268). Following the history …

Subjugated Territory: The New Afrikan Independence Movement And The Space Of Black Power, Paul Karolczyk

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

In this dissertation, I study the black revolutionary nationalist geography of the New Afrikan Independence Movement (NAIM) and the anti-racist space of Black Power. I adapt social theorist Henri Lefebvre’s concept of representational space to show how New Afrikan revolutionary nationalism intersects with space, place, and scalar politics in a representational space of black radicalism that confounds dominant notions of race, cultural identity, and national belonging in the United States. NAIM originated in 1968 when several-hundred black nationalist delegates met at the National Black Government conference in Detroit to create the Provisional Government of the Republic of New Afrika. New …

Informal–Formal Sector Interactions In Automotive Engineering, Kampala, Dick Kawooya

Faculty Publications

This chapter provides findings from a Ugandan case study that examined innovation transfers between informal-sector automotive artisans and formally employed researchers at Makerere University’s College of Engineering, Design, Art and Technology (CEDAT). Th e primary site studied was CEDAT’s Gatsby Garage, an automotive workshop where it was found that the informal-sector artisans were central to innovative processes but were at the same time driven more by sharing impulses than by concern for the intellectual property (IP) implications of their work. Based on these findings, it is argued that Ugandan policy-makers need to seek policy tools to support innovation transfers between …

Temporal Variation In The Reproductive Pattern Of Blood Cockle Anadara Antiquata From Pakistan (Northern Arabian Sea), Shahnaz Jahangir, Ghazala Siddiqui, Zarrien Ayub

Turkish Journal of Zoology

Sex ratios, size frequency, and reproductive patterns of blood cockle Anadara antiquata were studied from Sonmiani and Phitti Creek, Pakistan, from May 2004 to April 2005. At both sites, the overall sex ratio was significantly in favor of females. The population of A. antiquata at Sonmiani consisted of cockles of 31-80 mm in size and that at Phitti Creek of 21-100 mm in size; however, the majority of specimens were of 51-70 mm in size at both sites. Four stages of gametogenesis were identified in male and female cockles: 1) developing, 2) ripe, 3) spawned out, and 4) resorbing. No …

Agro-Ecosystems' Resilience To Damage: Determination Of Index Of Susceptibility To Climate Change In Mount Kilimanjaro, Tanzania., Shirima Kelvine

All Master’s Theses

This paper assesses maize-coffee-banana agro-ecosystems' resilience to damage as well as computing the social-ecological vulnerability index to climate change on the southern slope of Mount Kilimanjaro in Tanzania. The study focused on identifying agronomic practices and assessing their impacts on agro-ecosystems' resilience; examine the socio-economic status of the farmers in the region and its impacts on agro-ecosystems; and examine the agro-ecosystems' natural resilience and assess social-ecological vulnerability index to the impacts of climate change. About 400 households was covered in this household survey with response rate of 97% where by farmers were asked on their farming practices and systems, key …

Aku-Nama : Winter 2014, Volume 7, Issue 2, Aga Khan University Alumni Association

The Aga Khan University Newsletter and Magazine for Alumni (AKU-NAMA)

Highlights

- Editorial: The Human Capital

- In Pursuit of Happiness

- Megan’s Story

- Pioneers Meet Again!

- AKU AANA Reunion 2014

- Let’s Meet Up

- A Home Away From Home

- From Fertile Lands to the Arid Desert

- Physician par Excellence

- An Extraordinary Person

- FHS Library in Nairobi Wins the Maktaba Award

- Preparing to Excel

- Alumni in the News

- Class Notes

- In Memoriam

Aku-Nama : Summer 2014, Volume 7, Issue 1, Aga Khan University Alumni Association

The Aga Khan University Newsletter and Magazine for Alumni (AKU-NAMA)

Highlights

- The Right Attitude is Important

- Keep Learning

- On the Frontline

- Convocation

- Saving Lives through Early Childhood

- Education - Badakhshan

- Fast Medicine

- Class Notes

Somali Piracy -- Are We At The End Game?, Jon Huggins, Liza Kane-Hartnett

Case Western Reserve Journal of International Law

No abstract provided.

Partners Or Rivals In Reconciliation? The Ictr And Rwanda’S Gacaca Courts, Leo C. Nwoye

San Diego International Law Journal

A major question for post-conflict governments to consider is how best to shape reconciliation efforts. This Article examines two transitional justice mechanisms that were utilized in Rwanda’s post genocide era and assesses their contributions to reconciliation. The two principal approaches which emerged in the Rwandan context were the establishment of International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR), via the international political community whilst grassroots efforts within Rwanda were channeled through the gacaca court system. While each of these systems, though unintended and incoherent hybrid justice strategies, possessed strengths and weaknesses, this legal pluralist structure nevertheless yielded positive reconciliation results.

The Article …

Our Graduates - Their Success, Institute For Educational Development

Institute for Educational Development Pakistan (IED-PK) Archives

This publication captures narratives shared by our graduates on their experiences at AKU-IED, their thoughts on education in the East African region, and on how the University has helped them in shaping their current careers.

A Champion For African Freedom: Paul Robeson And The Struggle Against Apartheid, Penelope Andrews

Articles & Chapters

On February 28, 2013, I was honored to deliver the Paul Robeson lecture at Columbia Law School, an annual event to commemorate the life and legacy of Paul Robeson, a graduate of Columbia Law School (Class of 1923). This article is a slightly expanded version of my lecture.

This article will have four components: first, it will highlight the achievements of this extraordinary man, an advocate for social justice, a world-renowned artist, and an accomplished sportsman. Second, in this article I explore Paul Robeson’s connections and commitment to the African anti-colonial struggle, and in particular the struggle against apartheid in …

Impact Of Community-Based Interventions For The Prevention And Control Of Malaria On Intervention Coverage And Health Outcomes For The Prevention And Control Of Malaria, Rehana A. Salam, Jai K. Das, Zohra S. Lassi, Zulfiqar A. Bhutta

Department of Paediatrics and Child Health

In this paper, we aim to evaluate the effectiveness of community-based interventions (CBIs) for the prevention and management of malaria. We conducted a systematic review and identified 42 studies for inclusion. Twenty-five of the included studies evaluated the impact of the community-based distribution of insecticide-treated nets (ITNs), indoor residual spraying (IRS), or impregnated bed sheets; 14 studies evaluated intermittent preventive therapy (IPT) delivered in community settings; two studies focused on community-based education for malaria prevention; and one study evaluated environmental management through drain cleaning. Our analysis suggests that, overall, the community-based delivery of interventions to prevent and control malaria resulted …

Characteristics And Distribution Of Live-Stock Losses Caused By Wild Carnivores In Maasai Steppe Of Northern Tanzania, Batistino P. Mponzi, Christopher A. Lepczyk, Bernard M. Kissui

Human–Wildlife Interactions

Agricultural development accelerates the loss of habitat for many wildlife species and brings humans and animals in close proximity, resulting in increased human–wildlife conflict. In Africa, such conflicts contribute to carnivore population declines in the form of human retaliation for livestock depredation. However, little knowledge exists about when and where carnivores attack livestock. Given this need, our objectives were to (1) understand the spatial and temporal variation of human–carnivore conflict and (2) identify conflict-prone areas. We addressed these objectives in 18 Tanzanian villages of the Maasai Steppe using livestock depredation data on lions (Panthera leo), spotted hyenas ( …

Interprofessional Curriculum On Environmental And Social Determinants Of Health In Rural Kenya: Aga Khan University East Africa University Of California San Francisco Integrated Primary Health Care Program, M. R. Mahoney, K. Baltzell, Esther Nderitu, R. Dhanani, S. Macfarlane

School of Nursing & Midwifery, East Africa

The Aga Khan University East Africa (AKU)-University of California San Francisco (UCSF) Integrated Primary Health Care Program (IPHC) is a public–private partnership with community and government to strengthen the primary health care (PHC) system in Kenya. IPHC provides opportunities for health professions students to work and learn together in the rural and underserved district of Kaloleni.

Exploratory Study Of Online Refrence Services Of Libraries In Nigeria, Helen Nneka Eke Mrs, Vincent Onyeacholam Ekwelem Mr.

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

The study reports an experiment that examines the availability of online reference services in libraries in Nigeria. 500 questionnaires were randomly distributed among Nigerian Library Association(NLA) conference attendees. The respondents were drawn from different types of libraries. A total of 311 questionnaires were usable, resulting in a 62 percent response rate. Data’s were analyzed using percentage cross tabulation. The majority of the participants in Nigeria indicated that they are not aware of the existence of Online Reference Services (ORS), yet the project has been in existence for years .The present study was conducted to address five research questions. First, what …

Beatrice And Francis Business Plan, Rosemary Mlekwa

Apparel Design and Hospitality Management

Beatrice and Francis (B&F) is a fashion design house envisioned by fashion designer Rosemary Mlekwa (RM). This business plan serves as the framework for the development of B&F. The plan highlights how the fashion house intends to debut into the intensively competitive fashion industry and provides insight on the Designs’ product offering and overall vision and mission. Through the vision of RM, B&F aims to grow into a fashion powerhouse offering high end, quality designs to a niche market at lower prices than the competition. Each B&F creation expresses unique femininity, merged with Tanzanian culture and influenced by nature, architecture, …

World Transit Research November 2014 Newsletter, Institute Of Transport Studies Monash University

World Transit Research Newsletter

No abstract provided.