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2014

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Properties Of Boards Made From Rice Husk And Portland Cement As Binders And Reinforced With Sisal Fibres, Alex Mrema Dec 2014

Properties Of Boards Made From Rice Husk And Portland Cement As Binders And Reinforced With Sisal Fibres, Alex Mrema

Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)

A research study demonstrated that rice husks can be used to manufacture boards which can be used in low cost housing if bound by Portland limestone cement (CEM II/A-L/ 32.5R) and reinforced with sisal fibers to cater for their brittle behavior and that such boards can provide a substitute for wood panels. Boards made of rice husks and cement in the ratios of 1/3.3, 1/ 3.6 and 1/4 and with sisal fiber reinforcement contents of 0%, 0.4%, 0.5% and 0.8% were prepared and tested for their physical and mechanical properties. The results were compared with standard requirements for boards made …

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Assessment Of Quality Stability Of Composite Flours Produced By Dar Es Salaam Smes, Leonard Rweyemamu Dec 2014

Assessment Of Quality Stability Of Composite Flours Produced By Dar Es Salaam Smes, Leonard Rweyemamu

Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)

A study was conducted to assess quality stability of cereal flours processed by food processing SMEs in Dar es Salaam. This product is obtained by mixing various cereal grains and is considered as of higher nutritional values in Tanzania. The shelf-life was predicted by determining water activity (aw) and moisture content (MC) levels and plotting the water sorption isotherms (MSI). Ninety per cent of investigated samples (N=78) were found packaged in the materials of various quality conditions. It was found that the packaging materials mostly used is plastic films (63%), paper packets/bags (26%), hard papers (3%), plastic jars (1%) and …

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Loss Modeling Of A Permanent Magnet Dc Motor Drive Water Pumping System, Nelson Lujara Dec 2014

Loss Modeling Of A Permanent Magnet Dc Motor Drive Water Pumping System, Nelson Lujara

Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)

The paper presents an analytical approach to the determination of losses in each of the sub-systems of the Photovoltaic (PV) Permanent Magnet DC Motor (PMDC) drive water pumping system with and without maximum power tracking. The losses of the system at varying heads are firstly, determined using parameters from the data sheets and then validated by experimental results. The results are used to establish the head and the flow rate optimal operating point of the system.

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Application Of Trip Generation Models For Urban Transport Planning In A Data Scarce Developing Country City: The Case Of Dar Es Salaam, Hannibal Bwire Dec 2014

Application Of Trip Generation Models For Urban Transport Planning In A Data Scarce Developing Country City: The Case Of Dar Es Salaam, Hannibal Bwire

Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)

With the increase in travel demand and traffic management problems in many developing countries cities, travel demand forecasting models are being employed increasingly to make informed decisions about the operational improvements to the existing transportation system and the design and performance of future transportation systems. The main advantage of using travel demand forecasting models for such purposes is that they are capable of capturing the interactive effects of different components of the system under study. However, for some time now there have been concerns about the application of transport planning models in developing countries. The concerns have been mainly in …

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Effects Of The Standards Of Training, Certification And Watchkeeping For Seafarers (Stcw) 78 Convention, As Amended, On Kenya's Maritime Education And Training (Met), Michelle Hellena Wanga Dec 2014

Effects Of The Standards Of Training, Certification And Watchkeeping For Seafarers (Stcw) 78 Convention, As Amended, On Kenya's Maritime Education And Training (Met), Michelle Hellena Wanga

World Maritime University Dissertations

The dissertation is a study of the effects of the STCW 78, as amended, on Kenya’s MET. In this regard, it takes into consideration the recent requirements of the 2010 Manila amendments to the said Convention, and the set International Maritime Organization (IMO) deadline for Governments to comply with the mentioned provisions. Sequentially, the work examines the effects of the Convention, as amended, on Kenya’s Maritime Education and Training (MET) by initially exploring the historical and contemporary status of the country’s MET. Furthermore, it delivers a comparative analysis of Kenya’s strategies in the execution of the STCW 78, as amended, …

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Analysis Of Stakeholder Factors Influencing The Effectiveness Of Accounting Information Systems In Tanzania's Local Authorities, Henry Chalu Dec 2014

Analysis Of Stakeholder Factors Influencing The Effectiveness Of Accounting Information Systems In Tanzania's Local Authorities, Henry Chalu

Business Management Review

This paper assesses the stakeholder-related factors which influence Accounting Information Systems (AIS) effectiveness in Tanzania ' s Local Authorities (LAs). Using data collected from 19 LAs in Tanzania, we tested six factors: management support, qualification of accounting staff, education of councilors, and availability of AIS consultants, external auditor specialization and councilors ' involvement in AIS matters using canonical correlation analysis (CCA). The results from CCA show that management support, external auditors ' specialization and councilors ' involvement are the most critical factors in ensuring AIS effectiveness in the country ' s local authorities. Next were the qualifications of accounting staff …

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Satisfaction As A Predictor For Loyalty Programs In Tanzania, Shogo Mlozi Dec 2014

Satisfaction As A Predictor For Loyalty Programs In Tanzania, Shogo Mlozi

Business Management Review

The model proposed in this study reflects how tourists evolve from expectation and motivation into satisfaction and loyalty. Specifically, it proposes that satisfaction depends on expectations and travel motivations, and these influence loyalty. Expectation and motivation effects towards satisfaction were tested under two conditions or models, when satisfaction not entering a model as a predictor of loyalty and when satisfaction enters a model as a predictor of loyalty. This study employed convenience sampling to attractions and accommodation facilities located in Kilimanjaro and Arusha region. The questionnaire was self-administered. The analysis included a sample of 504 responses. Overall, expectations and motivations …

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The Relationship Between Undergraduate Academic Achievement And Professional Examinations Performance, Said Juma Suluo, Muhsin Salim Masoud Dec 2014

The Relationship Between Undergraduate Academic Achievement And Professional Examinations Performance, Said Juma Suluo, Muhsin Salim Masoud

Business Management Review

This study assessed the relationship between various attributes of candidates ' undergraduate academic achievement and candidates' performance in the Certified Public Accountants (CPA) examination, making use of multiple regression estimation techniques. The analysis included 78 first time candidates, who wrote the examination (Module E and F) between May 2005 and November 2007. Results indicated a positive, statistically significant correlation between the examination scores and the candidate's grade point average (GPA) and credit hours in general education. Years out of school and age showed no significant correlation with examination performance. The results indicate that candidates need to put more effort on …

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Antecedents And Consequences Of Business Trust In Retailing And Wholesaling In Tanzania, John Philemon, Lucy M. Mboma Dec 2014

Antecedents And Consequences Of Business Trust In Retailing And Wholesaling In Tanzania, John Philemon, Lucy M. Mboma

Business Management Review

The objective of the study was to explore antecedents and consequences of trust between suppliers and retailers in Tanzania. Cases were studied in detail to understand suppliers and retailers relationships. The study shows various sources of trust in retailing and wholesaling to include: paying promptly, paying as agreed, having a guarantor (prominent business person, a politician, ward office, clergy, a known customer), group protection, growing business, long-term buyer from the same supplier, regular customer, and background (knowing parents, brother, sister, schoolmates or, college or friends. There was also an indication of trust by virtue of race or ethnicity or sharing …

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Effect Of Savings And Credit Co-Operative Societies Lending Policies And Risk-Taking Propensity On Micro And Small Enterprises Performance In Tanzania, Mbowe R. Kabung'a, Muhsin Salim Masoud Dec 2014

Effect Of Savings And Credit Co-Operative Societies Lending Policies And Risk-Taking Propensity On Micro And Small Enterprises Performance In Tanzania, Mbowe R. Kabung'a, Muhsin Salim Masoud

Business Management Review

This study investigated the Savings and Credit Co-operative Societies (SACCOS) lending policies, risk-taking propensity and the performance of Micro and Small Enterprises (MSEs), which are SACCOS loan beneficiaries in Tanzania. Questionnaires with closed-ended questions were used in a survey of 547 respondents to capture the required information. The study employed the quantitative research approach, using Analysis of Moments Structures to test the existing relationships among the variables. Findings from the study established the existence of a moderating effect of risk-taking propensity between SACCOS lending policies and MSEs ' performance. On the basis of the study findings, it is recommended that …

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Linkage Banking And Outreach: A Case Of Microfinance Cooperatives In Tanzania, Esther Ishengoma Dec 2014

Linkage Banking And Outreach: A Case Of Microfinance Cooperatives In Tanzania, Esther Ishengoma

Business Management Review

While microfinance cooperatives (MFCs) involved in linkage banking has increased in order to overcome their financing gap and thus expand their outreach, studies associating microfinance institutions (MFIs) outreach with sustainability, cost efficiency and profitability signal the possibility of MFIs involved in linkage banking to reduce their outreach. Previous studies relating outreach to linkage banking are biased toward banking institutions. Based on semi-regression model applying primary data collected from 102 MFCs, this paper assesses the relationship between outreach and linkage banking. The results reveal missing and mixed effects of financial linkages on MFCs outreach. Explanations of these resultsinclude poor organisation of …

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Owner Managers ' Perception Of The Impact Of Regulations On The Competitiveness Of Food Processors In Tanzania, Goodluck Charles, David Rwehikiza Dec 2014

Owner Managers ' Perception Of The Impact Of Regulations On The Competitiveness Of Food Processors In Tanzania, Goodluck Charles, David Rwehikiza

Business Management Review

This paper assesses the owner managers ' perception of the impact of regulations on competitiveness of food processors in Tanzania. Specifically, the paper examines the perceived relevance of existing regulations in the food processing sector, the level of enterprises ' satisfaction with the regulatory authorities in the sector and the extent to which competitiveness of food processors is affected by regulations. Based on review of the legislations directed to the food processing sector and the results of a survey of 115 firms, the findings reveal that even though most enterprises appreciate the value of regulating the food sector, they are …

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Private Saving Behaviour And Ricardian Equivalence Theorem: The Case Of Tanzania, Innocent Pantaleo, Innocent Karamagi Dec 2014

Private Saving Behaviour And Ricardian Equivalence Theorem: The Case Of Tanzania, Innocent Pantaleo, Innocent Karamagi

Business Management Review

The determinants of private savings in Tanzania for the period 1970-2005 are investigated, with emphasis on how the Ricardian Equivalence Theorem explains private saving behaviour in Tanzania. The relevance of this theorem was examined using two different empirical models. In Model 1, the theorem was tested using government budget deficit; in Model 2, the net revenue from the sale of bonds was used. The results varied between the two models. In Model 2, the theorem was found to hold both in the short run and long run; whereas for Model 1, it was found not to hold. Thus, based on …

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Influence Of Social Status And Corporate Image On Customer Satisfaction: A Test In The Mobile Phone Sector, Dev Jani Dec 2014

Influence Of Social Status And Corporate Image On Customer Satisfaction: A Test In The Mobile Phone Sector, Dev Jani

Business Management Review

Corporate image is one among the intangible company assets, and when used strategically, it can ensure long-term company profitability though customer satisfaction. This study aimed at testing the influence of corporate image and social comparison on customer satisfaction in the mobile sector in Tanzania. A structured questionnaire was employed in data collection from a convenience sample of mobile phone users that yielded 98 usable questionnaires. Regression analysis indicates social status to be a significant predictor of customer satisfaction compared to corporate image. The results imply managers need not only focus on improving the corporate image but also enhancing the social …

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Upgrading In Local Linkages: Examining Fresh Fruits And Vegetables Value Chain From Smallholders To Tourist Hotels In Zanzibar, Winnie Nguni Dec 2014

Upgrading In Local Linkages: Examining Fresh Fruits And Vegetables Value Chain From Smallholders To Tourist Hotels In Zanzibar, Winnie Nguni

Business Management Review

This study aimed at examining smallholders upgrading in local linkages using evidence from fresh fruits and vegetables value chain from small farmers to tourist hotels in Zanzibar. The study employed a case study strategy of inquiry where, in-depth interviews with the hotel managers, intermediaries and small farmers were engaged in data collection which was later subjected to qualitative analysis and interpretation. The findings show that formal contracts coupled with captive linkages between tourist hotels and small farmers provide greater upgrading opportunities for smallholders. Market and other linkages characterised by informal contracts do not offer any potential for smallholders upgrading as …

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The Role Of Mobile Money Services On Growth Of Small And Medium Enterprises In Tanzania: Evidence From Kinondoni District In Dar Es Salaam Region, Patricia Chale, Ulingeta O.L. Mbamba Dec 2014

The Role Of Mobile Money Services On Growth Of Small And Medium Enterprises In Tanzania: Evidence From Kinondoni District In Dar Es Salaam Region, Patricia Chale, Ulingeta O.L. Mbamba

Business Management Review

This study examined the role of mobile money services on growth of small and medium enterprises in Tanzania, where data was collected from respondents in Kinondoni District in Dar es Salaam Region. Data was collected using self-administered questionnaires, which were distributed to 100 respondents, who yielded a 90% return rate. Multiple regression analysis was used to test the role of increased volume of sales, efficiency in purchase of stock, reduced time in processing payments, payments of goods and services, improved habit of savings, and money transfer on business growth in terms of market share, revenue and profitability. Based on technology …

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The Effectiveness Of Entrepreneurial Networks In The Acquisition Of Marketing Information (Mi) Resources: Selected Small Manufacturing Firms In Tanzania, Omari Khalifa Mbura Dec 2014

The Effectiveness Of Entrepreneurial Networks In The Acquisition Of Marketing Information (Mi) Resources: Selected Small Manufacturing Firms In Tanzania, Omari Khalifa Mbura

Business Management Review

Using a sample of 210 small-sized manufacturing enterprises (SSEs) from the two largest commercial cities of Tanzania namely Dar es Salaam and Mwanza, the   article examines the roles that structure (density and size), and contents (strength of ties) of inter-firm and social (types) networks play on marketing information acquisition of the SSEs. The two most important types of networks of the inter-firm and the social networks were used in determining which of their properties contribute most to the MI acquisition. Six hypotheses were developed from the properties of density, network size and network ties of the social and inter-firm networks …

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Tanzania Consumers' Perception And Purchase Intention Of Imported And Domestic Wines, Ryoba Mzalendo, Dev Jani Dec 2014

Tanzania Consumers' Perception And Purchase Intention Of Imported And Domestic Wines, Ryoba Mzalendo, Dev Jani

Business Management Review

The purpose of this article is to ascertain Tanzania consumers ' perception of imported wines compared to locally produced wines. Data for this study was collected through a self-administered questionnaire distributed through intercepting wine consumers in major shopping malls in Dar es Salaam, the commercial city of Tanzania. A total of 201 questionnaires were subjected to descriptive and one sample t-tests. Imported wines are perceived to be of higher quality compared to local wines as well as provide high social status to consumers. The country of origin matters in wine purchase and generally consumers are satisfied with foreign wines albeit …

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Firm Characteristics And Financing Of Mfis In Kenya, Erasmus Shubi Kaijage, Onesmus Mutunga Nzioka Dec 2014

Firm Characteristics And Financing Of Mfis In Kenya, Erasmus Shubi Kaijage, Onesmus Mutunga Nzioka

Business Management Review

This paper investigates whether firm characteristics have an influence on financing of MFIs in Kenya using a sample of 12 Microfinance firms. Primary and secondary data were collected and subjected to multiple regression and correlation analysis in order to achieve the study objectives. Firm characteristics, which are the independent variables, were measured by size, profitability, and risk, while financing of MFIs, which is the dependent variable, was measured by the Debt-Equity ratio and by the ratio of capital to total assets. Results of this study suggest that, a strong negative association between return on equity and total assets has an …

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Patterns Of Tree Distribution Within Small Communities Of The Sudanian Savanna-Sahel, Sarah J. Sterling, Blair D. Orr Dec 2014

Patterns Of Tree Distribution Within Small Communities Of The Sudanian Savanna-Sahel, Sarah J. Sterling, Blair D. Orr

Michigan Tech Publications, Part 1

Crown diameter and tree density were measured in 52 communities in the Sudan-Sahel using satellite imagery to determine the relationships between rainfall and distance from community center to crown size diameter and tree density. As distance from the community center increased, tree density and crown diameter decreased. As rainfall increased, tree density decreased while crown diameter increased. Distance from the community center is a proxy for age since urbanization and our results indicate that older parts of communities show longer and more consistent tree management. The trends in patterns of tree distribution and size in communities are different from those …

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Microeconomic Analysis Of Socio-Economic Determinants Of Primary School Dropouts In Tanzania: The Case Of Rombo District, Monica Sebastian Kauky Dec 2014

Microeconomic Analysis Of Socio-Economic Determinants Of Primary School Dropouts In Tanzania: The Case Of Rombo District, Monica Sebastian Kauky

Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences

Based on Professor Maghimbi’s ideas about the expansion of education in the country, this study analyses socio-economic determinants of primary school dropouts in Tanzania. The article employs both qualitative and quantitative design using primary data (cross-section), and the population of interest were children who had dropped out of school, and their parents/heads of the households. A simple logistic regression model was employed for analysis. The study uses the data gathered through semi structured interviews, in-depth interviews, questionnaires and direct observation of phenomena. The results found that the gender of the head of the household, the highest education attained by other …

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Are We Experiencing A ‘Post–Method’ Era In Second Language Teaching?, Rodrick G. Ndomba Dec 2014

Are We Experiencing A ‘Post–Method’ Era In Second Language Teaching?, Rodrick G. Ndomba

Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences

Approaches to Second Language teaching have been changing over time. The pivotal force behind the changes globally has been the quest for the best approach. New methods have emerged as old ones are discarded, with less prospects to achieve the best. This paper revisits the chronology of events characterizing the war of methods globally, and highlights key current issues underlining English language teaching in Tanzanian secondary schools. Central to the battle on methods is the need for proper preparation of English language teachers amid claims that their linguistic and methodological standards have been on the decline over decades. Indeed, the …

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African Philosophy: A Link Between Traditional And Modern Praise Poetry, Method Samwel Dec 2014

African Philosophy: A Link Between Traditional And Modern Praise Poetry, Method Samwel

Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences

This article argues that traditional and modern praise poetry do relate. This relationship stems from the fact that the two are similar in several aspects ranging from content to form. Only one similarity among them—similarity in philosophy—is discussed here. The article, therefore, presents how different kinds of African poetry of different generations can never diverge totally from African philosophy. That is to say, both traditional and modern praise poetry carry similar beliefs: how Africans view things is similar in the two kinds of poetry. Traditional praise poetry used here is Bahaya praise poetry, ebyebugo, and the praises seen in Basukuma …

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Unstable Local Producer’S Institutions And Failure To Utilize Competitive Factor: The Case Of Tanzania’S Coffee Industry, David Gongwe Mhando Dgm Dec 2014

Unstable Local Producer’S Institutions And Failure To Utilize Competitive Factor: The Case Of Tanzania’S Coffee Industry, David Gongwe Mhando Dgm

Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences

Coffee is one among the important traditional export crops in Tanzania, contributing to foreign exchange earnings as well as GDP. It is estimated that 400,000 families depend on coffee-related activities for their livelihood. Although its contribution in the world market is minimal, Arabica coffee beans from Tanzania are of high quality. This paper attempts to explore the coffee industry in Tanzania and its challenges. Data were collected from Tanzania Coffee Board, Japanese Specialty Coffee Association Exhibitions, as well as interviews with the Head of Suntory Beverage Department in Tokyo, Japan. The findings indicated that weak policies have resulted in an …

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Effective Leadership Characteristics: What Are The Practices And Challenges In Secondary Schools In Tanzania?, Perpetua Urio Dec 2014

Effective Leadership Characteristics: What Are The Practices And Challenges In Secondary Schools In Tanzania?, Perpetua Urio

Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences

This paper explores effective leadership characteristics, focusing on practices and challenges in secondary education in Tanzania. The study was conducted in Morogoro Region, using a sample of 59 respondents from four secondary schools. The study used qualitative approach. Data was collected through interviews and focus group discussions, and was later subjected to content analysis. Study findings revealed that effective leadership characteristics are perceived differently by respondents in the two categories of schools involved in the study. Leaders in best performing schools demonstrate effective leadership characteristics as opposed to worst performing schools. Contextual factors associated with internal and external environment, such …

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Managing Quality In Secondary Education Sector In Tanzania, Consolata Louis Chua Dec 2014

Managing Quality In Secondary Education Sector In Tanzania, Consolata Louis Chua

Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences

Quality management in education is an area that has received various conceptualizations. Although there is no agreed definition of quality, its management depends on set standards as well as quality assurance and control mechanisms in place. Based on the review of various literatures, this paper uses a model developed from systems theory and CIPP model to shed light to both policy makers and implementers on what should be taken on board to achieve the level of quality desired. The paper also adds to the debate on what should be the priority when it comes to the issue of management of …

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Compulsory Science Policy, Student Performance, And Teachers’ Role: Uganda’S Experience, Joyce Ayikoru Asiimwe Dec 2014

Compulsory Science Policy, Student Performance, And Teachers’ Role: Uganda’S Experience, Joyce Ayikoru Asiimwe

Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences

Using Lipsky’s concept of the street-level bureaucrat, this paper highlights how teachers may be contributing to students’ high failure rates within the framework of the recent educational reforms, with particular focus on the Compulsory Science Policy (CSP). Analysis of students’ performance in science and mathematics before and after the policy indicates that secondary schools have continued to register high student failure rates in mathematics and the core sciences. This dismal performance puts science teachers on the spotlight and threatens to undermine their professional competence. Over the years science teachers have often responded to the dilemma of high failure rates by …

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Similar’ Language Contact But ‘Different’ Language Change: Historical Lessons From Loanwords In Tanzanian Bantu Communities, Amani Lusekelo Dec 2014

Similar’ Language Contact But ‘Different’ Language Change: Historical Lessons From Loanwords In Tanzanian Bantu Communities, Amani Lusekelo

Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences

This paper contributes to the on-going discussion about integration of foreign cultures into African communities, one of the areas documented by Sam Maghimbi. It articulates the results of human contacts through examination of loanwords for similar semantic notions across Bantu languages of Tanzania. The rationale for this study emanates from a lacuna in previous works that focused on phonological and morphological changes, and undervalued the power of internal semantic modifications that accommodate new concepts. The paper analyses loanwords of individual words that surround three contact areas: western (formal) education, Christian religion, and (modern) healthcare. The paper shows that contact situations …

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Rural Society And The Economy Of Affection, Sam Maghimbi, Goran Hyden Dec 2014

Rural Society And The Economy Of Affection, Sam Maghimbi, Goran Hyden

Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences

Professor Sam Maghimbi devoted much of his immense intellectual energy to issues of rural Tanzania. He was not convinced that the neo-Marxist or neo-liberal explanations really gave justice to what he– like me– saw as the empirical realities of rural Tanzania. Drawing on my own previous work on the ‘uncaptured peasantry’ and the ‘economy of affection’ I wish to analyze what has happened in rural Tanzania since the early 1980s when these concepts first became part of the intellectual discourse about Tanzania. The paper reintroduces the concepts and why they were adopted before looking at trends in rural Tanzania which …

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Sustainable Access To Education For Southern Sudanese Refugee Children Living In Uganda: A Case Of A Refugee Settlement In Arua District, Amuge Edith Dec 2014

Sustainable Access To Education For Southern Sudanese Refugee Children Living In Uganda: A Case Of A Refugee Settlement In Arua District, Amuge Edith

Master of Education

Education is considered obligatory and indispensable for the central development of all individuals in spite of their political, economic, religious and social affiliations. Yet for the Southern Sudanese refugee children living in Uganda, opportunities to education seem to narrow from one level to another withstanding the fact that the Southern Sudanese Refugee Children consider education their number one priority. The notion that education is a right seems more of a theoretical documentation than a practical execution. This paper explores sustainable access to education for the Southern Sudanese Children living in Uganda. The argument on this paper is that predictions are …

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