Digital Commons Network^™

Carbocyclodipeptides As Modified Nucleosides: Synthesis And Anti- Hiv Activities, Bhupender S. Chhikara, M. Sudershan Rao, V. Kameshwara Rao, Anil Kumar, Karen W. Buckheit, Robert W. Buckheit Jr., Keykavous Parang

Pharmacy Faculty Articles and Research

A new class of nucleoside analogues were synthesized using cyclic dipeptides and modified 2′-deoxyfuranoribose sugars to introduce flexibility by peptides in place of common nucleoside bases and to determine their biological properties. The synthesis was carried out by coupling of a protected ribose sugar with synthesized dipeptides in the presence of hexamethyldisilazane and trimethylsilyltriflate. The final products were characterized by NMR and high-resolution MS-TOF spectroscopy. The compounds were evaluated for anti-HIV activities. 1-(4-Azido-5-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)-3,6-diisopropylpiperazine-2,5-dione (compound 14) containing 3- and 6-isopropyl groups in the base and 3′-azide (EC50 = 1.96 μmol/L) was the most potent compound among all of the synthesized analogs.

Parent-Metabolite Pharmacokinetic Models For Tramadol – Tests Of Assumptions And Predictions, Sam Holford, Karel Allegaert, Brian J. Anderson, Butch Kukanich, Altamir B. Sousa, Amir Steinman, Bruno Pypendop, Reza Mehvar, Mario Giorgi, Nick Holford

Pharmacy Faculty Articles and Research

Allometric principles were used to discern cross-species differences in (±)-tramadol disposition and formation of its primary analgesic metabolite, (±)-O-desmethyl-tramadol (M1). Species differences in formation of M1 may help predict the analgesic effectiveness of tramadol. Tramadol was administered intravenously by a zero-order (constant infusion) process or rapid bolus dose and racemic concentrations of tramadol and M1 measured. Data were pooled to define differences between species (human, rat, cat, dog, goat, donkey and horse). A two-compartment linear disposition model with first-order elimination was used to describe tramadol and M1 disposition. Slow metabolizers were detected in 6% of the population and tramadol clearance …

Taking Physical Activity To The Streets: The Popularity Of Ciclovia And Open Streets Initiatives In The Us, J. Aaron Hipp

Brown School Faculty Publications

As a way to reduce chronic diseases associated with increasingly sedentary lifestyles, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention advocates community-wide initiatives promoting physical activity. One such initiative gaining popularity in the US is the Ciclovía, or Open Streets initiative, where city streets are opened to residents for physical activity and closed to motorized traffic.1 Open Streets gained international prominence in Bogota, Colombia, and are viewed by policy makers and health and community advocates as being beneficial to social, environmental, and community health.2 The interest in initiatives is demonstrated by the increase in the number of events within and across …

The Effects Of Team Flow On Performance: A Video Game Experiment, Mark Keith, Greg Anderson, Doug Dean, James Gaskin

Faculty Publications

Research on effective team work has traditionally explained team performance as a result of team cohesion and goal commitment. Team cohesion was originally defined as the general level of attraction the team members had to all others in their group. This social relations-based concept of team cohesion is generally a strong indicator of team performance. However, more recent research has stressed the importance of incorporating the team members’ mutual level of commitment to the team task as another sub-dimension of cohesion. When including task commitment, team cohesion is a somewhat weaker predictor of team performance (Beal et al., 2003). To …

I’M Proud Of It: Consumer Technology Appropriation And Psychological Ownership, Colleen P. Kirk, Scott D. Swain, James E. Gaskin

Faculty Publications

In this conceptual paper, using the lens of self-design we examine the relationship between consumer technology appropriation and psychological ownership, suggesting that pride plays a key and multi-faceted role. Resolving discrepancies in the literature, we propose that authentic pride operates as an antecedent of psychological ownership, while hubristic pride strengthens the effect of psychological ownership on outcomes such as economic valuation and word-of-mouth. We further enrich the conceptualization by considering the moderating effects of the technology consumption context (public versus private) as well as consumers’ perceptions of situation strength (strong versus weak behavioral constraints).

The Effects Of Social Networking Site (Sns) Use On College Students’ Friendship And Well-Being, Jin-Liang Wang, Linda A. Jackson, James Gaskin, Hai-Zhen Wang

Faculty Publications

The present study was conducted with two goals in mind: (1) to examine the influence of using different types of SNS use on users’ well-being, and (2) to examine the mediating roles of online self-disclosure and friendship quality in the relationship between types of SNS use and well-being. Participants were from two large 4-year undergraduate universities in Southwestern China. The study was conducted during Spring semester, 2013, using advertisements that described the nature of the research and indicated that compensation for participation was U10 (about $1.5 U.S.). Of the 402 students approached, 337 completed the survey (i.e., response rate was …

Improving Password Cybersecurity Through Inexpensive And Minimally Invasive Means: Detecting And Deterring Password Reuse Through Keystroke-Dynamics Monitoring And Just-In-Time Fear Appeals, Jeffrey L. Jenkins, Mark Grimes, Jeffrey Gainer Proudfoot, Paul Benjamin Lowry

Faculty Publications

Password reuse – using the same password for multiple accounts – is a prevalent phenomenon that can make even the most secure systems vulnerable. When passwords are reused across multiple systems, hackers may compromise accounts by stealing passwords from lowsecurity sites to access sites with higher security. Password reuse can be particularly threatening to users in developing countries in which cybersecurity training is limited, law enforcement of cybersecurity is non-existent, or in which programs to secure cyberspace are limited. This article proposes a two-pronged solution for reducing password reuse through detection and mitigation. First, based on the theories of routine, …

The Accept Project: Social Justice Art And Education, Jackalynn Marie Snow

Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers

The ACCEPT Project: Social Justice Art and Education Chairperson: Jillian Campana Co-Chairperson: Karen Kaufmann The ACCEPT Project is an entity that I created out of a need to use art, and specifically theatre, in a meaningful manner beyond entertainment. I found myself inspired by artists who were using their craft to induce social change, so I sought to do likewise. The ACCEPT Project stands for Acting/Art Creates, Challenges, and Enlarges Pro-Human Truths. The information that follows documents my journey to discover a means to the ends of art for social justice and the results which came from that action. As …

Controlling For Out-Of-Plane Lumbar Moments During Unidirectional Trunk Efforts: Learning And Reliability Issues Related To Trunk Muscle Activation Estimates, Christian Larivière, Denis Gagnon, Karine Genest

Études primaires

No abstract provided.

The Relationship Of Mindfulness And Existential Anxiety, Kira Geiger

Harriet L Wilkes Honors College Theses 2010 - 2019

Adopting various mindfulness techniques has been shown to affect both psychological and physiological conditions within the body (Hill & Updegraff, 2012; Nyklícek et al., 2013). This experiment was conducted to explore the relationship between mindfulness meditation techniques and existential anxiety reported by participants. Existential anxiety has been defined within past research as “a deep concern over whether or not one is living a meaningful and fulfilling life” (Morse, 1998). Due to the nature of the concept of mindfulness, adopting mindfulness techniques was thought to lead to generally more meaningful experiences for an individual, which would decrease the individual’s report of …

Examination Of Natural And Captive Behaviors And Theirimplications On Mental Health In Octopus Vulgaris, Justin Odom

Harriet L Wilkes Honors College Theses 2010 - 2019

In an attempt to better understand the effects of environmental enrichments on captive octopods, specifically Octopus vulgaris, as conducted by aquariums, attempts have been made to collect wild octopus from various sites in the Indian River Lagoon. Collected specimen would have been observed in captivity in order to compare their behavior with that of their wild counterparts based on the data collected by Kayes in 1973. The research conducted would serve to investigate if the environmental enrichments, institutionalized by aquariums, encourage octopods to behave more closely to the natural or wild type behaviors or if the enrichments encourage less natural …

Contribution Of Fear And Disgust To Spider Avoidance And Spider-Related Stroop Interference, Areti Vassilopoulos

Harriet L Wilkes Honors College Theses 2010 - 2019

Emotional Stroop tasks are used to observe the effects of interference in colornaming performance when under high arousal. Participants in the present study completed the Spider Phobia Questionnaire, trait fear questionnaire and trait disgust questionnaire. Response latency data were collected by an emotional Stroop task with spider-related words. Although interference effects were not observed, it is possible that this is due to the suppression effects threatening stimuli evoke in high distress participants. Participants also took part in a Behavioral Approach Task (BAT) with a Chilean Rose-hair tarantula and a Chilean Rose-hair tarantula’s shed exoskeleton. There was not a significant difference …

Antibiotic Usage In Relation To Resistant Bacterial Infections And Liver And Kidney Cancer Outcomes In South Carolina, Prea Thathiah

Theses and Dissertations

Antibiotics are one of the most beneficial discoveries in medicine and public health. However, the use, overuse, and misuse of these drugs have led to increases in antibiotic resistant bacterial infections (ARI). Furthermore, previous epidemiological studies have linked antibiotic use to breast cancer, but these studies have not included effects on metabolic organs, such as the liver and kidneys. This dissertation investigates the role of antibiotic use in infections and liver and kidney cancers in the state of South Carolina. Using ecological study methods and Poisson regression to determine relative risk ratios, it was found that antibiotic use is a …

Microbes As Proton Exchange Membranes In Microbial Fuel Cells, Andrew Timothy Stroud

Theses and Dissertations

Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) use proton exchange membranes (PEMs) to deliver protons to the cathode for electricity production. MFCs have been limited to low power generation because of complex ionic media characteristic of MFCs using the conventional Nafion-based PEM with high attraction for the competing ions. Benthic microbial fuel cells (BMFCs) use the marine sediment between the anode, embedded in marine sediment, and cathode, overlying in water, as a PEM. BMFCs have been shown to generate high power densities representing high proton permeability by the marine sediment layer between the anode and cathode. However, there is limited knowledge about this …

Data-Driven School Administrator Behaviors And State Report Card Results, James Alan Spencer

Theses and Dissertations

The purpose of this study was to identify the principal behaviors that would define an instructional leader as being a data-driven school administrator and to assess current school administrators' levels of being data-driven. This research attempted to examine the relationship between the degree to which a principal was data-driven and the school's performance on standardized tests and state report card values.

The research questions are:

1. To what degree do current school principals in select districts from the Charleston area of South Carolina see themselves as data-driven leaders?

2. To what extent are the 12 specific behaviors that define a …

Mitochondrial Replication From Embryogenesis To Early Adulthood, In Dui Species, Mytilus Galloprovincialis, Ellen Blenn Richardson

Theses and Dissertations

Eukaryotes typically inherit mitochondria strictly maternally. There are however a group of bivalve molluscs that inherit different mitochondrial genomes from each parent. The paternally inherited mtDNA (M-type) is localized to, and dominates over the maternally inherited mtDNA (F-type) in the gonads of the male offspring, but is not normally retained in any tissue of the female offspring. This process is termed Double Uniparental Inheritance (DUI). Using quantitative PCR (qPCR), this study examines mtDNA replication compared to total DNA replication through embryonic stages of development and into early adulthood of the DUI species, Mytilus galloprovincialis. Results indicate that up through the …

The Culture And History Surrounding “Szomorú Nόták” Of Béla Bartόk’S Twenty Hungarian Folksongs And Its Influence On Bartók’S Settings, Mary Katherine Rawls

Theses and Dissertations

This document is an exploration of the Hungarian culture and history as it pertains to "Somorú nótak" of Bartók's Twenty Hungarian Folksongs. The information presented will provide insight into the Magyar, Hungarian, outlook as well as relevant themes. As a performer, it is important to make these connections and apply them to the musical setting so that a genuine portrayal of the texts and their emotions is possible. Hungarian history, the folksong as it pertains to the Hungarians, and the process by which these songs were composed are discussed in order to establish their importance and background of the content. …

Efficacy Of Video Modeling For Treatment Of Selective Mutism In Children, Danielle Newberry Phillips

Theses and Dissertations

Selective mutism is an extremely rare socio-pragmatic communication disorder that affects less than 1% of the population. The treatment of selective mutism may be addressed via many different approaches, including drug therapies and behavioral approaches or combinations of both. Self-modeling is a behavioral approach and is similar to that of video modeling. Video modeling treatment is becoming a more popular approach to serve individuals with social and behavioral disorders. Video modeling has been documented to improve social and behavioral deficits in individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorders. Because selective mutism is a rare condition and because the effects of video modeling …

A Community-Driven Approach To The Development Of A Digital Decision Aid To Facilitate Informed Decision Making For Prostate Cancer Screening Among African-American Men In Communities Of Faith, Otis Lashaun Owens

Theses and Dissertations

Background: African American (AA) men are significantly more likely to die of prostate cancer (PrCA) than other racial groups. Therefore, it is critical to identify effective strategies for providing information about the risks, benefits, and uncertainties of PrCA screening and the importance of informed decision making (IDM). To assess whether a computer-based IDM decision aid (DA) for PrCA screening would be appropriate for middle-age and older AA men, this formative evaluation study examined participants (1) PrCA risk and screening knowledge, 2) decision-making processes for PrCA screening, and 3) usage of, attitudes toward, and access to interactive communication technologies (ICTs). The …

Best Practices In The Management Of Pediatric Obesity In Primary Care Clinics, Lori Moseley

Theses and Dissertations

Obesity prevalence among children and adolescents has nearly tripled since 1980. Children and adolescents are at risk for developing the comorbidities seen in obese and overweight adults such as hypertension, type 2 diabetes, and sleep apnea. Traditional treatment for obese and overweight children involved counseling children and their families. Current recommendations include a comprehensive staged approach to weight management that includes prevention plus structured weight management, comprehensive multidisciplinary intervention and tertiary care intervention. Unfortunately structured weight management programs have not been widely available, leaving the primary provider with limited options.

The purpose of this project was to analyze the literature …

The Impact Of Culture & Ethnicity On The Counseling Process: Perspectives Of Genetic Counselors From Minority Ethnic Groups, Brittanie Morris

Theses and Dissertations

In the genetic counseling profession, discussions about cross-cultural counseling and cultural competence emphasize the importance of patient culture as well as counselor culture in a counseling session. A culturally competent counselor should be aware of the influence of her own cultural values on interactions with patients and peers (Weil, 2000; & Uhlmann, Schuette, & Yashar, 2011). Focusing specifically on counselors from cultural/ethnic minorities, this mixed-methods study sought to empirically evaluate the influence of a counselor's cultural values and ethnic identity on the genetic counseling process. 162 genetic counselors, 58 of whom self-identified as being from an ethnic minority group, completed …

John Pecham On Life And Mind, Caleb G. Colley

Theses and Dissertations

No abstract provided.

Birds And Beaches: The Affective Geographies And Sense Of Place Of Participants In The Coasst Citizen Science Program, Benjamin Kent Haywood

Theses and Dissertations

Participatory science research initiatives within the natural sciences like citizen science or crowd sourcing have enjoyed a recent explosion in popularity due to the efficient and expansive data collection processes they foster and the opportunities for general science outreach and education they provide. Now often the tool of choice among informal science outreach practitioners, Public Participation in Scientific Research (PPSR) programs are purported to expand knowledge and understanding of science and ecology, increase the relevancy of science for society, and cultivate more environmentally sustainable attitudes and behaviors. Despite such claims, the influence and impact of participatory science engagement is still …

Political Perfectionism And Aesthetic Experience, Michael R. Spicher

Theses and Dissertations

Many people share the belief that the state can lend support to the arts and the natural environment for their cultural and aesthetic qualities. However, the question remains open as to what justifies this support. This question hinges on whether the state must be neutral in reference to judgment of values. The political anti-perfectionist positions of Rawls and Dworkin are inadequate to justify this kind of state support because the funding of art necessarily involves a judgment of value in two ways. First, the fact that the state funds any art requires that, in general, art is valuable. Second, determining …

Lewd Legacies: The Challenges Of Preserving Bermuda's Queen Of The East Brothel, Megan Elizabeth Southern

Theses and Dissertations

This thesis explores the myriad challenges to the preservation of Bermuda's Queen of the East brothel. Though Queen of the East has been widely regarded as one of the island's architectural and historical treasures, and despite Bermuda's stated commitment to the preservation of its architectural heritage, the building's fate remains uncertain. Research presented here suggests that the building's association with prostitution in public memory poses the greatest challenge to the building's preservation.

In order to understand the factors contributing to the building's present condition, this thesis probes the building's architectural fabric and history; the nature and composition of Bermuda's preservation …

Sex Radical: Victoria Woodhull And The Marriage Contract, 1870-1876, Peter Dottling Rich

Theses and Dissertations

From 1870 to1876 radical American feminist Victoria Claflin Woodhull had a dramatic public impact. At that time Woodhull was simultaneously the public face of three major social movements (woman suffrage, free love and Spiritualism), the owner of a brokerage firm, and the publisher of a radical weekly newsletter. Yet Woodhull is now largely absent from the popular narrative of nineteenth-century American history. Her radical views, charismatic personality, and unorthodox personal life resulted in demonization by a scandal-hungry popular press and persecution by the state-sanctioned, morals crusader, Anthony Comstock. Although In the past two decades a number of feminist historians and …

"Newest Born Of Nations": Southern Thought On European Nationalisms And The Creation Of The Confederacy, 1820-186, Ann L. Tucker

Theses and Dissertations

When nineteenth-century southern nationalists seceded from the Union and created a southern nation, they sought to justify their actions by situating the Confederacy as one of many aspiring nations seeking membership in the family of nations in the middle of the nineteenth century. To support their argument that the Confederacy constituted a legitimate and independent nation, southern nationalists claimed nineteenth century European nationalist movements as precedents for their own attempt at nation-building, using the southern nation's supposed similarity to, or, at times, differences from, these European aspiring nations to legitimize the Confederacy. Such claims built on a long antebellum precedent …

The Charleston "School Of Slavery": Race, Religion, And Community In The Capital Of Southern Civilization, Eric Rose

Theses and Dissertations

This dissertation explores the interracial religious communities of antebellum South Carolina to highlight patterns of racial consciousness and nation-building and demonstrate that the southern path to modernity was much closer to that of their northern contemporaries than previously recognized. The ready-made system of human classification inherent in racial slavery did not insulate southerners from the modern impulses that transfigured northern racial relations; instead, this dissertation argues that Carolinians white and black, free and slave, participated in a discourse of religious modernization that redirected the potentially destabilizing social implications of evangelicalism and progress into an idealized community structure that served the …

“A Human Bundle”: The Disaggregated Other At The Fin De Siècle, R Sweet

School of Law, Humanities and Social Sciences

No abstract provided.

A Step-Wise Process Of Decision-Making Under Uncertainty When Implementing Environmental Policy, Am Knights, F Culhane, Ss Hussain, Kn Papadopoulou, Et Al

School of Biological and Marine Sciences

An ecosystem approach forms the basis of many recent environmental policies. The underlying concept states that decision-makers must consider the environmental, social and economic costs and benefits in the course of deciding whether to implement a management action. Decision-making can be undermined by uncertainty. Here, we discuss potential sources of uncertainty and their effect on an ecosystem approach-driven environmental policy, the factors affecting the choice and potential for management actions to achieve their objectives, the challenges associated with setting realistic and achievable targets, and how we can prioritise management of detrimental activities. We also consider how human challenges such as …