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2014

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Parks Reinvented : An Elevated Park In An Urban Setting, Amanda Ahrenholz Jan 2014

Parks Reinvented : An Elevated Park In An Urban Setting, Amanda Ahrenholz

Landscape Architecture Theses

This oasis from the city is atop the Colorado Convention Center in downtown Denver, CO on 14th Street-right in the heart of the hustle and bustle. Because cities are becoming more and more dense, there is less space to save for urban green space and using space atop buildings is both an innovative and green solution. With framing the views of the beautiful Rocky Mountains, site users can experience the views of Denver while still remaining in an urban setting.

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Fritz Zwicky And The Search For Dark Matter, Kurt Winkler Jan 2014

Fritz Zwicky And The Search For Dark Matter, Kurt Winkler

Faculty Publications

This paper will discuss the life of the Swiss native, Fritz Zwicky, and this article will present information in a linear fashion, starting with some attention-grabbing information about Zwicky's knowledge of dark matter and then lead to a discussion of his youth and some decisions he made at that time, especially dealing with his education. This essay will then describe some of Zwicky's personal relationships and how his sometimes commanding and abrasive personality affected them. The bulk of this article will deal with how Zwicky was ahead of his time in the areas of astrophysics and the theory of dark …

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Drying And Pretreatments Affect The Nutritional And Sensory Quality Of Oyster Mushrooms, Itai Mutukwa Jan 2014

Drying And Pretreatments Affect The Nutritional And Sensory Quality Of Oyster Mushrooms, Itai Mutukwa

Natural Resources Management

The effect two drying treatments (solar and oven), three blanching treatments (no blanching, water and steam), and four chemical treatments (no chemical, lemon juice, vinegar and potassium bisulfite) on oyster mushroom quality was investigated. Sensory quality, total phenolics, total flavonoids, ergothioneine, oxygen radical absorbance capacity, moisture, mold infestation, mineral content and protein were evaluated. Among the un-blanched samples, those that were treated with lemon juice and those without any chemical pretreatment before drying had better appearance, flavor and were more generally acceptable than those with vinegar and potassium bisulfite treatments. However, when blanching was done, samples treated with potassium bisulfite …

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Winter Wheat Management For Improving Soil Quality And Reducing Greenhouse Gas Emissions, Gabriel Garang Aher Jan 2014

Winter Wheat Management For Improving Soil Quality And Reducing Greenhouse Gas Emissions, Gabriel Garang Aher

Natural Resources Management

Carbon dioxide (CO2) and nitrous oxide (N2O) concentrations in the atmosphere have greatly increased in recent times. Intensive agricultural practices, combustion of fossil fuels, deforestation, and wetland drainage have been linked to increased greenhouse gases (GHG) levels. Although scientists are not unanimous in their belief that the increases in GHG is a cause behind recent global temperature rise, there is evidence that increases in GHG might directly increase global temperatures and unpredictable weather occurrences. Since human activity may be partially behind the rise in GHG emissions, it follows that changes in agricultural management might reduce the rate of GHG increases …

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A Process For The Critical Analysis Of Instructional Theory, Jay A. Bostwick, Isaac W. Calvert, J. Francis, Melissa Hawkley, Curtis Henrie, Fred R. Hyatt, Janele Juncker, Andrew S. Gibbons Iii Jan 2014

A Process For The Critical Analysis Of Instructional Theory, Jay A. Bostwick, Isaac W. Calvert, J. Francis, Melissa Hawkley, Curtis Henrie, Fred R. Hyatt, Janele Juncker, Andrew S. Gibbons Iii

Faculty Publications

Some have argued for a common language of theory in the field of instructional design in an effort to reduce misunderstandings and simplify a multitude of synonymous terms and concepts. Others feel that this goal is undesirable in that it would inhibit further theoretical development. In this article we propose an ontology-building process as a way for readers to compare and analyze terms and concepts across theories. This process entails the development of ontological categories that emerge from the literature, and the comparison of theories using these categories. Such a process can reveal broader concepts that exist beyond specific theoretical …

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Multicomponent Doped Barium Strontium Titanate Thin Films For Tunable Microwave Applications, Fikadu Legesse Alema Jan 2014

Multicomponent Doped Barium Strontium Titanate Thin Films For Tunable Microwave Applications, Fikadu Legesse Alema

Materials and Nanotechnology

In recent years there has been enormous progress in the development of barium strontium titanate (BST) films for tunable microwave applications. However, the properties of BST films still remain inferior compared to bulk materials, limiting their use for microwave technology. Understanding the film/substrate mismatch, microstructure, and stoichiometry of BST films and finding the necessary remedies are vital. In this work, BST films were deposited via radio frequency magnetron sputtering method and characterized both analytically and electrically with the aim of optimizing their properties. The stoichiometry, crystal structure, and phase purity of the films were studied by varying the oxygen partial …

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Synthesis And Characterization Of Novel Hierarchically Functionalized Carbon Nanofibers For Energy Conversion And Storage Applications, Zhengping Zhou Jan 2014

Synthesis And Characterization Of Novel Hierarchically Functionalized Carbon Nanofibers For Energy Conversion And Storage Applications, Zhengping Zhou

Materials and Nanotechnology

Among various energy conversion and storage devices available in the market, supercapacitors are deemed as an effective, competitive solution to the increasing demand for high-power density energy-storage devices. Yet, supercapacitors usually carry relatively low energy density compared to batteries. Nanostructured electrode materials are expected being able to greatly enhance the electrochemical performance of supercapacitors. This research aims at rational synthesis and electrochemical characterization of novel hierarchically functionalized carbon nanofibers (CNFs) for use as advanced electrode materials of supercapacitors. These novel CNFs [(i.e., graphene-beaded CNFs (G/CNFs) and carbon nanotube (CNT)-grown CNFs (CNT/CNFs)] were successfully synthesized. The unique synthesis routes consist of …

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System-Level Simulation Of A Solar Power Tower Plant With Thermocline Thermal Energy Storage, Scott M. Flueckiger, Brian D. Iverson, Suresh V. Garimella, James E. Pacheco Jan 2014

System-Level Simulation Of A Solar Power Tower Plant With Thermocline Thermal Energy Storage, Scott M. Flueckiger, Brian D. Iverson, Suresh V. Garimella, James E. Pacheco

Faculty Publications

A thermocline tank is a low-cost thermal energy storage subsystem for concentrating solar power plants that typically utilizes molten salt and quartzite rock as storage media. Longterm thermal stability of the storage concept remains a design concern. A new model is developed to provide comprehensive simulation of thermocline tank operation at low computational cost, addressing deficiencies with previous models in the literature. The proposed model is then incorporated into a system-level model of a 100 MWe power tower plant to investigate storage performance during long-term operation. Solar irradiance data, taken from measurements for the year 1977 near Barstow, CA, are …

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Review Of High-Temperature Central Receiver Designs For Concentrating Solar Power, Brian D. Iverson, Clifford K. Ho Jan 2014

Review Of High-Temperature Central Receiver Designs For Concentrating Solar Power, Brian D. Iverson, Clifford K. Ho

Faculty Publications

This paper reviews central receiver designs for concentrating solar power applications with high-temperature power cycles. Desired features include low-cost and durable materials that can withstand high concentration ratios (~1000 suns), heat-transfer fluids that can withstand temperatures > 650°C, high solar absorptance, and low radiative and convective heat losses leading to a thermal efficiency > 90%. Different receiver designs are categorized and evaluated in this paper: (1) gas receivers, (2) liquid receivers, and (3) solid particle receivers. For each design, the following information is provided: general principle and review of previous modeling and testing activities, expected outlet temperature and thermal efficiency, benefits, perceived …

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How Well Does Multiple Ocr Error Correction Generalize?, William B. Lund, Eric K. Ringger, Daniel D. Walker Jan 2014

How Well Does Multiple Ocr Error Correction Generalize?, William B. Lund, Eric K. Ringger, Daniel D. Walker

Faculty Publications

As the digitization of historical documents, such as newspapers, becomes more common, the need of the archive patron for accurate digital text from those documents increases. Building on our earlier work, the contributions of this paper are: 1. in demonstrating the applicability of novel methods for correcting optical character recognition (OCR) on disparate data sets, including a new synthetic training set, 2. enhancing the correction algorithm with novel features, and 3. assessing the data requirements of the correction learning method. First, we correct errors using conditional random fields (CRF) trained on synthetic training data sets in order to demonstrate the …

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A Post-Installed Subsea Monitoring System For Structural And Flow Assurance Evaluation, David Brower, Alexis Brower, John Hedengren, Reza Asgharzadeh Shishavan Jan 2014

A Post-Installed Subsea Monitoring System For Structural And Flow Assurance Evaluation, David Brower, Alexis Brower, John Hedengren, Reza Asgharzadeh Shishavan

Faculty Publications

This paper describes major advancements for deploying sensing systems on existing subsea structures as part of the Clear Gulf study. In the past, a major shortcoming of post-installed monitoring systems has been poor coupling between the sensor and structure; this study provided methods to overcome this problem. Both subsea field testing and laboratory testing were performed to verify these advancements. The Clear Gulf study is a collaboration between the offshore energy industry and NASA with the goals of risk mitigation, safety, efficiency and environmental concerns in the offshore energy industry. The study is ongoing and has investigated new methods to …

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Restoration Of Upland And Riparian Vegetation Communities In The Sheyenne River Valley, Austin Link Jan 2014

Restoration Of Upland And Riparian Vegetation Communities In The Sheyenne River Valley, Austin Link

Range Science

Degraded rangelands and riparian woodlands in eastern North Dakota are increasing in frequency. Two studies were conducted to address reduced forage quantity and quality and reduced regeneration of riparian tree and shrub species. Research objectives were to (1) analyze multiple pre-seeding treatments to determine impacts on rangeland production of interseeded native species; and (2) determine if fencing, weed-barrier fabric, mowing, or herbicide treatments can increase survivability of riparian tree and shrub seedling plantings. Pre-seeding treatments with herbicide showed significantly higher production of native species than the control. High-fencing/mowing treatment and high-fencing/weed-barrier fabric/herbicide treatment in riparian tree and shrub plantings resulted …

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A Mathematical Model Of Collagen Lattice Contraction, J. C. Dallon, Emily J. Evans, H Paul Erhlich Jan 2014

A Mathematical Model Of Collagen Lattice Contraction, J. C. Dallon, Emily J. Evans, H Paul Erhlich

Faculty Publications

Two mathematical models for fibroblast-collagen interaction are proposed which reproduce qualitative features of fibroblast populated collagen lattice contraction in time. Both models are force based and model the cells as individual entities with discrete attachment sites however the collagen lattice is modeled differently for each model. In the collagen lattice model the lattice is more interconnected and formed by triangulating nodes to form the fibrous structure. In the collagen fiber model the nodes are not triangulated, are less interconnected, and the collagen fibers are modeled as a string of nodes. Both models suggest that the overall increase in stress of …

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Design And Evaluation Of Polymeric Nanomaterials For In Vitro And In Vivo Imaging Applications, Anil V. Wagh Jan 2014

Design And Evaluation Of Polymeric Nanomaterials For In Vitro And In Vivo Imaging Applications, Anil V. Wagh

Pharmacy

One of the most versatile and safe material used in medicine is polymer-based nanomaterials. This dissertation describes the use of several formulations of polymeric nanomaterials for in vitro and in vivo optical imaging applications. In the first phase of this work, the particles assembled from diblock copolymers of poly(D,L-lactic-co-glycolic acid) and polyethylene glycol were used as a carrier for diagnostic agents. In chapter 2, the polymeric nanoparticles with a large Stokes shift of >100 nm were employed for in vivo imaging. The large Stokes shift was achieved through fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) by encapsulating the donor (1,1'-dioctadecyl-3,3,3',3'-tetramethylindodicarbocyanine) and acceptor …

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Multi-Objective Optimal Phasor Measurement Units Placement In Power Systems, Vahidhossein Khiabani Jan 2014

Multi-Objective Optimal Phasor Measurement Units Placement In Power Systems, Vahidhossein Khiabani

Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering

The extensive development of power networks has increased the requirements for robust, reliable and secure monitoring and control techniques based on the concept of Wide Area Measurement System (WAMS). Phasor Measurement Units (PMUs) are key elements in WAMS based operations of power systems. Most existing algorithms consider the problem of optimal PMU placement where the main objective is to ensure observability. They consider cost and observability of buses ignoring the reliability aspect of both WAMS and PMUs. Given the twin and conflicting objectives of cost and reliability, this dissertation aims to model and solve a multi-objective optimization formulation that maintains …

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Neural Redoubt, Leah Fagerland Jan 2014

Neural Redoubt, Leah Fagerland

Architecture Theses

Increased numbers of returning service members from Operation Iraqi Freedom and Operation Enduring Freedom (OIF/OEF) coincide with budgetary sequestration measures which directly impact the Department of Defense, jeopardizing available care for active duty service members and veterans. It is understood that well-integrated passive design techniques as well as the introduction of natural elements to the medical environment encourage positive physiological responses in patients. This thesis seeks to determine the manner in which satisfactory design quality may be maintained, while energy performance and budgetary constraints may be successfully accommodated.

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Droplet Size Effect On Herbicide Used In Cereals To Control Dicotyledonous Weeds, Andrew Nathan Fillmore Jan 2014

Droplet Size Effect On Herbicide Used In Cereals To Control Dicotyledonous Weeds, Andrew Nathan Fillmore

Plant Sciences

Experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of droplet size on the efficacy of translocated and non-translocated herbicides. Translocated and non-translocated herbicides provided similar control when comparing droplet size effect on efficacy. Medium and very coarse droplet sizes gave the greatest visible injury whereas coarse-sized gave the lowest visible injury assessments for most species. However, droplet size generally did not affect contact herbicide efficacy. Overall, droplet size was not a strong factor contributing to herbicide efficacy and often, differences were only between herbicides. Non-ionic surfactant solutions measured by a Sympatec droplet analysis system gave the highest percent of volume in …

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Phytoremediation Of Soils Contaminated By Oil And Gas Drilling And Production Operations Using Grass Species, Yang Gao Jan 2014

Phytoremediation Of Soils Contaminated By Oil And Gas Drilling And Production Operations Using Grass Species, Yang Gao

Plant Sciences

Soil contaminated by crude oil or drill cuttings poses a threat to ecosystem. The objective of this study was to test tolerance levels of grass species to drill cuttings and crude oil in seed germination and at the 5-leaf stage. Sixty five grass species were screened for their tolerance to crude oil and drill cuttings at the germination stage. Two species were grouped as tolerant, 18 species as moderately tolerant, 27 species as moderately sensitive, and 18 species as sensitive to drill cuttings. In the test with crude oil, 28 species were classified as tolerant, 29 species as moderately tolerant, …

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Student Achievement And French Sentence Repetition Test Scores, Deryle W. Lonsdale, Benjamin J. Millard Jan 2014

Student Achievement And French Sentence Repetition Test Scores, Deryle W. Lonsdale, Benjamin J. Millard

Faculty Publications

Sentence repetition (SR) tests are one way of probing a language learner’s oral proficiency. Test-takers listen to a set of carefully engineered sentences of varying complexity one-by-one, and then try to repeat them back as exactly as possible. In this paper we explore how well an SR test that we have developed for French corresponds with the test-taker’s achievement levels, represented by proficiency interview scores and by college class enrollment. We describe how we developed our SR test items using various language resources, and present pertinent facts about the test administration. The responses were scored by humans and also by …

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Evaluating Lemmatization Models For Machine-Assisted Corpus-Dictionary Linkage, Deryle W. Lonsdale, Kevin Black, Eric K. Ringger, Paul Felt, Kevin Seppi, Kristian Heal Jan 2014

Evaluating Lemmatization Models For Machine-Assisted Corpus-Dictionary Linkage, Deryle W. Lonsdale, Kevin Black, Eric K. Ringger, Paul Felt, Kevin Seppi, Kristian Heal

Faculty Publications

The task of corpus-dictionary linkage (CDL) is to annotate each word in a corpus with a link to an appropriate dictionary entry that documents the sense and usage of the word. Corpus-dictionary linked resources include concordances, dictionaries with word usage examples, and corpora annotated with lemmas or word senses. Such CDL resources are essential for many tasks including assisting language learners, linguistic research, philology, and translation. Lemmatization is a common approximation to automating corpus-dictionary linkage, where lemmas stand in for the headwords of an actual dictionary. In our machine-assisted CDL system design, data-driven lemmatization models provide machine assistance to human …

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Co2 Char Gasification Rates Of Sawdust, Switchgrass, And Corn Stover In A Pressurized Entrained-Flow Reactor, Thomas H. Fletcher, Aaron D. Lewis, Emmett G. Fletcher Jan 2014

Co2 Char Gasification Rates Of Sawdust, Switchgrass, And Corn Stover In A Pressurized Entrained-Flow Reactor, Thomas H. Fletcher, Aaron D. Lewis, Emmett G. Fletcher

Faculty Publications

An entrained-flow flat-flame burner reactor was used to measure apparent CO2 gasification rates of near-spherical biomass chars of poplar sawdust, switchgrass, and corn stover using particle residence times1258−1891 K and 6.1− 13.5 atm, respectively. A new method was developed to produce near-spherical particles from nonspherical biomass chars. The apparent CO2 gasification rates for the three biomass chars with mean diameters near 100 μm were fit to a global first-order model, and the optimal kinetic parameters are reported. The measured gasification rate of poplar sawdust was about 3.9 times faster than that of switchgrass char, but only about 20% faster than …

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Co2 Gasification Rates Of Petroleum Coke In A Pressurized Flat-Flame Burner Entrained-Flow Reactor, Aaron D. Lewis, Emmett G. Fletcher, Thomas H. Fletcher Jan 2014

Co2 Gasification Rates Of Petroleum Coke In A Pressurized Flat-Flame Burner Entrained-Flow Reactor, Aaron D. Lewis, Emmett G. Fletcher, Thomas H. Fletcher

Faculty Publications

Two petcoke samples were gasified by CO2 at total pressures of 10 and 15 atm in a high-pressure flat-flame burner reactor at conditions where the bulk phase consisted of either 40 or 90 mol % CO2 with gas temperatures up to 1909 K. Particle diameters of 45−75 μm were used in the experiments. The morphology of the two petroleum coke chars was drastically different and evaluated using scanning electron microscopy images of the chars. The mass release data caused by CO2 gasification of the petcoke chars were fit to a global first-order model, and the optimal kinetic parameters are reported. …

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Application Of L-Systems To Geometrical Construction Of Chamise And Juniper Shrubs, Dallan R. Prince, Marianne E. Fletcher, Chen Shen, Thomas H. Fletcher Jan 2014

Application Of L-Systems To Geometrical Construction Of Chamise And Juniper Shrubs, Dallan R. Prince, Marianne E. Fletcher, Chen Shen, Thomas H. Fletcher

Faculty Publications

Improved models of fire spread and fire characteristics are desired for live shrub fuels, since the majority of existing research efforts focus on either dead fuel beds or crown fires in trees. Efforts have been made to improve live fuel modeling, including detailed studies of individual leaf combustion, with results incorporated into a shrub combustion model for broadleaf species. However, this approach was not well-suited to non-broadleaf shrubs since their fuel consists of long needle-covered branches rather than easily discretized leaves. Methods were therefore developed to simulate the branching structure of chamise (Adenostoma fasciculatum) and Utah juniper (Juniperus osteosperma). The …

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Simulation Of The Swelling Of High-Volatile Bituminous Coal During Pyrolysis, He Yang, Sufen Li, Thomas H. Fletcher, Ming Dong Jan 2014

Simulation Of The Swelling Of High-Volatile Bituminous Coal During Pyrolysis, He Yang, Sufen Li, Thomas H. Fletcher, Ming Dong

Faculty Publications

In this paper, a model is established to predict the swelling ratio of high-volatile bituminous coal during pyrolysis, based on the assumption that the structure of bubble distribution in the particle at the beginning of the plastic stage is a central bubble surrounded by many surrounding bubbles. The initial number and size of the bubbles when the particles become plastic are calculated by the pressure in the particle. The chemical percolation devolatilization (CPD) model is used to describe pyrolysis. The pyrolysis of eight types of high-volatile bituminous coals is simulated, and the results are compared with experimental results to verify …

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Differences In Burning Behavior Of Live And Dead Leaves, Part 1: Measurements, Thomas H. Fletcher, Dallan R. Prince Jan 2014

Differences In Burning Behavior Of Live And Dead Leaves, Part 1: Measurements, Thomas H. Fletcher, Dallan R. Prince

Faculty Publications

Burning behaviors of individual live and dead leaves were measured in a well-instrumented, well-controlled flat-flame burner. Manzanita (Arctostaphylos glandulosa) branches were harvested from the Chaparral near Riverside, California. Leaves were conditioned to several moisture contents. Two “live” (i.e., not fully dried) groups remained above the fiber saturation point at 34% moisture content (MC; dry basis) and 63% MC. Two “dead” groups were dried to about 4% MC, and one was rehydrated back up to 26% MC. Distinct plateaus in surface temperatures at 175◦C were observed while burning live leaves, but dead leaves showed weaker plateaus, if any. Evidence of high …

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Characterization Of Macromolecular Structure Elements From A Green River Oil Shale, I. Extracts, Mark S. Solum, Charles L. Mayne, Anita M. Orendt, Ronald J. Pugmire, Jacob Adams, Thomas H. Fletcher Jan 2014

Characterization Of Macromolecular Structure Elements From A Green River Oil Shale, I. Extracts, Mark S. Solum, Charles L. Mayne, Anita M. Orendt, Ronald J. Pugmire, Jacob Adams, Thomas H. Fletcher

Faculty Publications

This paper is the first of two associated papers describing the structural details of three sections of an oil shale core taken at the Skyline 16 mine in the Utah Uinta Basin. Bitumen was extracted from the shale using methanol/dichloromethane. Kerogen was isolated from the shale, using a nine-step extraction procedure using HCl and HF. Bitumen samples from the three cores were analyzed using high-resolution 13C NMR liquid-state spectroscopy, showing carbon aromaticities of 7%−11%. Aliphatic carbons were dominated by methylene structures, with average aliphatic chain lengths of 24 carbons. The three parent shales and the demineralized kerogens were each …

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The Use Of Sediment Removal To Reduce Phosphorus Levels In Wetland Soils And The Distribution Of Plant-Available Phosphorus In Wetland Soils And Its Potential Use As A Metric In Wetland Assessment Methods, Skye Gabel Jan 2014

The Use Of Sediment Removal To Reduce Phosphorus Levels In Wetland Soils And The Distribution Of Plant-Available Phosphorus In Wetland Soils And Its Potential Use As A Metric In Wetland Assessment Methods, Skye Gabel

Soil Science

Plant-available phosphorus (P) in wetland soils and its relationship with wetland communities and condition is somewhat unknown in the Prairie Pothole Region (PPR) in North America. Research objectives were to determine if 1) sediment removal reduced P in seasonal wetlands; 2) P could be used as an indicator in wetland condition assessments; 3) a gradient in P amount and wetland elevation existed; and 4) differences of sampling and extraction methods change Olsen P results as a metric in assessments. Soil samples from North Dakota wetlands were collected from two depths (0-15 and 15-30 cm) and analyzed for pH, electrical conductivity …

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Gem: Global Entrepreneurship Monitor, Leticia Camacho Jan 2014

Gem: Global Entrepreneurship Monitor, Leticia Camacho

Faculty Publications

GEM houses the results of research conducted by the Global Entrepreneurship Research Association (GERA) on the level of entrepreneurship around the world. This research, which involves annual surveys and interviews, was initiated in 1999 by Babson College and the London Business School. Data are collected and harmonized by GERA staff. The project started with 10 participating countries and has expanded to include more than 69 countries.

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Comparison Of Classification Rates Among Logistic Regression, Neural Network And Support Vector Machines In The Presence Of Missing Data, Sudhi Upadhyaya Jan 2014

Comparison Of Classification Rates Among Logistic Regression, Neural Network And Support Vector Machines In The Presence Of Missing Data, Sudhi Upadhyaya

Statistics

Statistical models such as Logistic Regression (LR), Neural Network (NN) and Support Vector Machines (SVM) often use datasets with missing values while making inferences regarding the population. When inferences are made based on the data set used, the presence of missing data can severely skew the results and distort the efficiency of the model. Our objective was to identify a robust model among LR, NN, SVM in the presence of missing data. The study was conducted by simulating observations based on Monte Carlo methods and missing data was introduced randomly at 10% level. Single mode imputation was used to impute …

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T-Optimal Designs For Model Discrimination In Probit Models, Yue Ming Jan 2014

T-Optimal Designs For Model Discrimination In Probit Models, Yue Ming

Statistics

When dose-response functions have a downturn, one interesting feature to study is the significance of the downturn. The interesting feature can be studied using model discrimination between two rival models (model describing dose-response functions with a downturn versus model describing only increasing part of the response functions). In this article, we study T-optimal designs that can best discriminate between these two rival models. Three different sets of model parameter values are considered to demonstrate various shapes of dose-response functions. Under the different sets of the parameter values, the T-optimal designs are obtained, and their performances are compared to two other …

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