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Role Of Apelin And Endothelin Systems In The Pain Associated With Sickle Cell Disease, Terika Smith

Theses and Dissertations

Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a common genetic blood disorders that is characterized by painful vaso-occlusive episodes (VOEs), which are the major cause of hospitalizations for these patients. One of the mechanisms that may contribute to the development of painful VOEs is the imbalance between vasoconstrictors and vasodilators. This thesis focuses on the vasoconstrictors endothelin-1 (ET-1), which is elevated during VOEs and is pro-nociceptive, and angiotensin II (Ang II) and the vasodilator apelin, which has anti-nociceptive properties. This thesis tested two hypotheses: 1) an imbalance between the vasoconstrictive and pro-nociceptive systems and vasodilatory and anti-nociceptive systems contributes to pain in …

Enhancing Peripheral Opioid Analgesia: Development Of Viral Vector And Small Peptide Therapies, Sherika Smith

Theses and Dissertations

Chronic neuropathic pain often decreases quality of life, incurs high medical costs and is difficult to treat. Neuropathic pain can develop as a result of nerve damage induced by trauma or diseases such as diabetes and cancer. This type of pain is often resistant to standard treatments for chronic pain. Effective and safe treatments for persistent neuropathic pain remain an unmet therapeutic need. The primary objective of this work was to test the hypotheses that peripheral opioid analgesia can be enhanced using a herpes simplex virus vector gene therapy approach and peripheral opioid tolerance can be prevented by blocking opioid …

Muscarinic Modulation Of Basolateral Amygdala, Lei Liu

Theses and Dissertations

The basolateral amygdala (BL) receives a dense cholinergic innervation from the basal forebrain. Despite the importance of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChRs) in fear learning, consolidation, and extinction, there have been no studies that have systematically investigated the functional role of mAChRs in regulating emotional processing in the BL. To address this critical knowledge gap we combined brain slice whole-cell recording, optogenetics, and immunohistochemistry to determine how muscarine, acting on mAChRs, regulates neuronal oscillations, synaptic transmission and plasticity in the BL.

Neurons in the BL oscillate rhythmically during emotional processing, which are thought to be important to integrate sensory inputs, allow …

Analysis Of Risk Factors Contributing To Home–Based Direct Care Workers (Dcws) Occupational Injury In Long–Term Care, Hanadi Y. Hamadi

Theses and Dissertations

Home–based direct care workers (DCWs) provide care in a unique workplace environment: the patient’s home. The high rate of injuries experienced by this subcategory of healthcare workers compared to other industries and occupations make the need to understand the risk factors for these injuries vital. This study builds on prior research and specifically profiles occupational injury patterns among home–based DCWs who deliver care primarily in patient homes and the association of individual, perceived environmental and ergonomic characteristics on predicting occupational injury. The study used a cross–sectional analysis of secondary data from the 2007 National Home Health Aide Survey (NHHAS), sampling …

Biopolymeric Hydrogels Functionalized With Tobacco Mosaic Virus For In Vitro Three Dimensional Culture And Differentiation Of Stem Cells And In Vivo Tissue Regeneration, Jittima Amie Luckanagul

Theses and Dissertations

Plant viruses have been highlighted among material research due to their well-defined structures in nanoscale, mono-dispersity, stability, and chemical functionalities. Each of the thousands coated protein subunits on a viral nanoparticle can be homogenously modified, chemically, and genetically with a functional ligand leading to a high-density and spatial distribution of ligands on each particle (multivalency). Many reports from our group have clearly shown that virus coated substrates induced the acceleration of bone marrow stromal cells differentiation into bone cells. We hypothesized that this phenomenon could rely on the multivalency that the viral nanoparticle has to offer. Moving to a more …

Mechanistic Investigation Of A Silylation-Based Kinetic Resolution Using Linear Free Energy Relationships And Its Application To Substrate Expansion And Polymer Supported Kinetic Resolutions, Ravish K. Akhani

Theses and Dissertations

This dissertation represents our preliminary mechanistic investigations on the silylation-based kinetic resolution of secondary alcohols, and how we use that knowledge for further expansion of this methodology. Chapter 2 describes how we came up with a preliminary mechanism of our silylation-based methodology using a linear free energy relationship and a rate study. In this chapter, several para substituted triphenylsilyl chlorides were prepared that varied electronically and sterically in order to understand the substituent effects on the rate and the selectivity of the reaction. Selectivity factors and initial rates were experimentally determined for the kinetic resolution reactions with the newly designed …

From Capture To Care: Attention, Digital Media, And The Future Of Composition, Christian D. Smith

Theses and Dissertations

This dissertation investigates the relationship between digital media and cognition as it emerges in the problematic of attention. Specifically, the project examines the workings of attention across three sites (social, neurological, and technological) in order to argue for a renewed cognitive process theory of writing based in attention studies. Using the ancient pedagogical concept of epimeleias--attending to, taking care--my dissertation asks after the ethical and rhetorical stakes of care in context of contemporary higher education. Ultimately, my dissertation aims to provide a foundation for digital literacy practices--literacy narratives, wiki-writing, remix, audio-visual essays, etc.--in light of the increasing shift towards hybrid …

A Bioecological Approach To Understanding The Interaction Of Environmental Stress And Genetic Susceptibility In Influencing Cortisol And Blood Pressure In African American Adults, Sandra Marie Coulon

Theses and Dissertations

African Americans are disproportionately affected by high blood pressure, a precursor to cardiovascular disease. Bioecological, biomedical, and gene-environment interaction theories were integrated to test the impact of environmental stress and genetic susceptibility on stress-related outcomes, including waking cortisol, perceived stress, and blood pressure in African-American adults. The primary aim of the study was to investigate the effects of neighborhood socioeconomic status (SES), neighborhood satisfaction, and neighborhood collective efficacy on waking cortisol, perceived stress, and blood pressure and to determine whether genetic risk for increased glucocorticoid receptor sensitivity moderated those relations in a gene-by-environment (GxE) interaction. A secondary aim was to …

Network Analysis And Cluster Detection Using Markov Theory, John William Campbell

Theses and Dissertations

Networks are a vital part of nature and society, yet many aspects of how networks function are still largely unknown. From understanding the internet to biology, chemistry, and physics, networks play a role, but even some of the most basic questions about networks can be difficult to answer. How are two networks alike or different? How do networks within networks form and how can clusters be detected? As networks change with time, how can we monitor those changes? The answers to these questions are vitally important to humans’ understanding of the world. Better understanding of networks allows for things like …

A Three-Dimensional In Vitromodel Of Atherogenesis, Pin Hsuan Chang

Theses and Dissertations

Atherosclerosis is the narrowing of arteries caused by accumulation of cholesterol, calcium and other cellular debris in the inner arterial wall. While extensive studies have been focusing on the inflammatory mechanisms of the disease, pathological and experimental evidence has shown that regions of disturbed flow are susceptible to the atherogenesis. To further understand the relationship between hemodynamics and atherogenesis, this research aims to generate a dynamic, 3D in vitro model of atherogenesis. This will allow for the investigation of specific cellular and molecular mechanisms of plaque formation that will pave the way for new therapies for the disease. A novel …

Facilitating Embodied Instruction: Classroom Teachers’ Experiences With Drama-Based Pedagogy, Peter B. Duffy

Theses and Dissertations

There is much anecdotal evidence to suggest that drama-based pedagogies significantly contribute to improved teaching and learning. Furthermore, there is important research that demonstrates the impact on teachers when they learn about neuroscience. This research project developed six professional development sessions for six elementary school teachers to provide training on both drama-based instruction and research on embodiment. Combining these two fields presented a problem. Arts-based research is qualitative in nature where cognitive science research depends on post-positivistic assumptions of reliability and trust-worthiness. Missing from these standard measures of research (fMRI studies, STROOP Tests, reaction time tests), however, is the impact …

Using Genetic Algorithm To Solve Median Problem And Phylogenetic Inference, Nan Gao

Theses and Dissertations

Genome rearrangement analysis has attracted a lot of attentions in phylogenetic com- putation and comparative genomics. Solving the median problems based on various distance definitions has been a focus as it provides the building blocks for maximum parsimony analysis of phylogeny and ancestral genomes. The Median Problem (MP) has been proved to be NP-hard and although there are several exact or heuristic al- gorithms available, these methods all are difficulty to compute distant three genomes containing high evolution events. Such as current approaches, MGR[1] and GRAPPA [2], are restricted on small collections of genomes and low-resolution gene order data of …

Prediction Of Coronary Heart Disease Within The Aerobics Center Longitudinal Study Population, Jennifer Carol Gander

Theses and Dissertations

This dissertation is a compilation of three studies that were conducted to better 1) Further validate a thoroughly tested Framingham Risk Score (FRS) on a unique cohort with comprehensive measures available, 2) Update and improve the predictability of the FRS through the addition of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) while resolving limitations in previous studies, and 3) Assess the predictability of non-exercise estimated CRF (e-CRF) and FRS on CHD. A manuscript was generated for each study utilizing data from the Aerobics Center Longitudinal Study.

To validate the FRS, a multivariable Cox Proportional Hazard Model was used to determine the association between FRS …

Polyol Induced Extraction (Pie) Of Water From Organic Solvents, Mithilesh Deshpande

Seton Hall University Dissertations and Theses (ETDs)

Acetonitrile (ACN) is used in huge quantities for Reversed Phase High Performance Liquid Chromatography (RP-HPLC) experiments. For most of the part, these results in waste that is only contaminated with large amounts of water, buffer and trace organic impurities. It would seem worthwhile to purify the ACN from water using a mass separating agent (MSA). In a quest for an MSA, our investigation reveals polyols as a new class of MSAs. It is observed that when a polyol such as glycerol, sorbitol, erythritol, xylitol, Isomalt® or maltitol is added to a mixture of ACN-water, the ACN separates out of the …

Investigation Of The Response And Repair Of Replication, Kathryn Brady

Theses and Dissertations

When a mammalian cell suffers DNA damage, DNA damage signaling responses and repair pathways are invoked. The phosphorylation of histone variant H2AX (γH2AX) and of replication protein A (pRPA) are two well-documented damage signals, marking double strand breaks and stalled replication forks, respectively. Inhibitors of thymidylate synthase (TS) and ribonucleotide reductase (RNR) are chemotherapeutics that act by depriving cells of the deoxynucleotides necessary for DNA synthesis, which causes damage. The response and repair pathways activated by these chemotherapeutics have been studied for a number of years but there remain unanswered questions as to how cancer cells perceive this damage, the …

Role Of Allergic Sensitization, Filaggrin Variants, And Dna, Ali H. Ziyab

Theses and Dissertations

Background: Allergic disorders, including eczema, asthma, and rhinitis, have emerged as a global public health concern due to their elevated prevalence and the associated clinical morbidity. Environmental, immunologic, and genetic factors have been implicated in the pathogenesis of allergic disorders. Allergic sensitization (representing deviated immune responses) and filaggrin gene (FLG) variants (leading to dysfunctional epidermal barrier) have shown to be common predisposing factors in the development of allergic disorders. However, there is a lack of knowledge on their joint effects on the development of single and multiple (coexistence) allergic disorders. More recently, epigenetic mechanisms, such as DNA methylation, have emerged …

Examining Correlates Of Correctional Officer Risk Perceptions And Decision-Making, Frank Valentino Ferdik

Theses and Dissertations

Developing a more complete understanding of the dangers and risks present within correctional environments can enhance prison safety. Research has revealed, however, that existing prison-based risk assessment and management instruments suffer considerable deficiencies, including failing to account for contextual factors that influence inmate misconduct, and basing generalizations off small sample sizes. Several studies have shown that correctional officers are often very accurate when it comes to the risk assessment and management of prison-based dangers. To expand this literature, the current study collected survey data from a statewide sample of maximum security correctional officers. Ultimately the objectives of this dissertation were …

Integrating Biomedical And Psychosocial Approaches To Study Pain In Pediatric Sickle Cell Disease, Alyssa M. Schlenz

Theses and Dissertations

Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a group of inherited blood disorders characterized by recurrent pain. A distinctive obstacle to managing pain in this condition is the substantial heterogeneity of outcomes observed in children, including the rate, intensity, duration, and extent of disability from pain. Previous studies have largely examined this heterogeneity by focusing on either biomedical or psychosocial approaches to this condition rather than pursuing an integrated approach that is consistent with modern conceptualizations of pain. In addition, few studies have examining genetic heterogeneity in pediatric SCD, which remains one of the only strategies for establishing a preventative approach to …

The Effects Of Exercise Training On Cognitive Reserve And Cognitive Function In Healthy Older Women, Katie Marie Becofsky

Theses and Dissertations

Cognitive reserve theory suggests that physical activity may protect individuals from cognitive decline. At the brain level, greater cognitive reserve may manifest as greater neural network efficiency. Our purpose was to investigate 1) whether participation in a 16-week walking program increased brain efficiency, and 2) whether increased brain efficiency correlated with change in fitness and task performance. Our secondary purpose was to investigate whether exercise training improved performance on a battery of cognitive tasks, particularly executive functioning performance. Seventeen healthy but sedentary women aged 60-75 years participated in a supervised walking program; eighteen women served as a non-randomized control group. …

Carboxylate Selective Lanthanide Imprinted Polymer Sensors For Sensor Array, Yang Xu

Theses and Dissertations

A europium-based molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) was developed and characterized, which combined the highly luminescent properties of europium and the recognition properties of molecularly imprinted polymers. The europium-based MIPs were used as selective sensors for different types of carboxylates. The ultimate goal of this work was to develop a europium-based sensor array to differentiate carboxylates anions. The polymer was synthesized by using a europium–salen complex as the monomer and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA) as the crosslinker. First, a europium containing non-imprinted polymer (NIP) and a series of europium containing MIPs imprinted with acetate, benzoate and phenylacetate were synthesized by free …

Effects Of Individual Phenotypic Variation On Predator-Prey Relationships Of Xanthid Crabs In North Inlet Estuary, South Carolina, Benjamin J. Toscano

Theses and Dissertations

Ecological communities and the biological interactions that regulate community structure are notoriously complex. To make these systems more tractable, ecologists traditionally measure and model communities at the population level, treating individuals as functionally equivalent. While this approach has yielded tremendous insight into the factors governing communities, it remains unclear whether accounting for individual-level variation could improve our capacity to predict the responses of communities to perturbation, a major goal in the midst of unprecedented rates of environmental change.

The objective of this study was to examine the magnitude of individual-level phenotypic variation in predatory crabs (family Xanthidae), and the effects …

Insights Into The Evolutional Adaptations And Functional Switching Mechanism In Dual Function Hemoglobin/Dehaloperoxidase (Dhp) And Modeling Of Cytochrome P450 Active Site With H93g Myoglobin Cavity Mutant, Shengfang Sun

Theses and Dissertations

The coelomic hemoglobin, dehaloperoxidase (DHP), from the sea worm Amphitrite ornata, is a dual function oxygen-binding heme protein that also possesses a significant peroxidase activity. As evolved from an ancient oxygen carrier globin, several structural adaptations have enabled DHP to evolutionally gain significantly enhanced peroxidase capability for self-protection while only minimally compromising its primary function as an O2 carrier. To elucidate these adaptations, the peroxidase activities and O2 affinities of several DHP and sperm whale myoglobin (Mb) mutants have been prepared. Several heme environmental structural factors that regulate the dual functions of DHP have been found, providing insight into how …

Probing Heteroatom-Containing Substrate Oxidation In P450-Cam For Non-Ferryl Reactive Intermediates And Heme Iron Coordination Structural Analysis Using Magnetic Circular Dichroism Spectroscopy, Anuja Ratnakar Modi

Theses and Dissertations

Cytochrome P450 (P450 or CYP) catalysis involves the oxygenation of organic compounds via a series of catalytic intermediates, namely, the ferric-peroxo, ferric-hydroperoxo, Compound I (Cpd I), and FeIII(H2O2) intermediates. The general consensus is that the Cpd I intermediate is the most reactive species in the reaction cycle, especially when the reaction involves hydrocarbon hydroxylation. Other than Cpd I, there is a multitude of evidence, both experimental as well as theoretical, supporting the involvement of other intermediates in various types of oxidation reactions. In part I of this work, the multiple oxidant hypothesis of P450 catalysis has been probed using P450-CAM …

Understanding The Effect Of Contaminants From Bop Materials On Pemfc Electrode: Ex-Situ Studies, Mayukhee Das

Theses and Dissertations

Off-the-shelf Balance of Plant (BOP) materials for proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) systems may be more economical than custom-prepared materials. However, they pose a higher risk of decreased performance of a PEMFC by contaminating the electrodes. This dissertation contributes to the understanding of the mechanisms of electrode contamination by studying the effect of leachate extracts and model compounds from structural plastics and assembly aids that may be used as BOP materials. The effect of contamination was investigated by measuring the decrease in electrochemical surface area (ECA) of the Pt/C catalyst and the change in the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) …

Transforming The Culture Of The Stem Disciplines: A Multiple Case Study Of Successful Strategies For Inclusive Excellence, Telesia Evon Davis

Theses and Dissertations

In spite of the myriad initiatives promoting diversity and inclusion in science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM) disciplines at colleges and universities across the country and the increased funding for these types of initiatives, colleges and universities have experienced modest gains and, in some cases, slight declines in the graduation rates of women and underrepresented minorities (URMs). In addressing this issue, some institutions rely on traditional or “deficit” approaches that place primary responsibility on students for their success in the STEM fields. A growing number of institutions, however, embrace the concept of inclusive excellence, which is an assumption that underrepresented …

The Impact Of Race On Strickland Claims In Federal Courts In The South, Wyatt Gibson

Theses and Dissertations

The primary goal of this study was to examine the legal and extralegal factors that lead to positive outcome Strickland claims. Specifically, the initial purpose of the research was to test whether a defendant’s race affects his/her likelihood of receiving a positive outcome Strickland claim in the South. Prior literature has indicated that black defendants are more likely to receive the death penalty than white defendants, but this study did not find that race is a significant factor in determining the likelihood of a positive outcome Strickland claim in Southern circuits. Of the 207 Strickland claims studied across the Fourth, …

Imperative Risky Business: A Compelling Case For Using Critical Literacy And Social Justice Curricula To Combat Heteronormativity And Homophobia, Candace Anne-Heather Lett

Theses and Dissertations

Recent research documents the oppressive school conditions for Lesbian, Gay Bixsexual, Queer, and Questioning (LGBTQQ) and non-gender conforming students, which can be detrimental to their academic achievement, as well as their physical and psychological well-being. This study explored ways that negative portrayals of LGBTQQ youth and homophobic and heteronormative attitudes might be altered through the incorporation of LGBTQQ texts and critical discussions surrounding the texts, media stereotypes, heteronormativity, heterosexual privilege, and gender in a high school Public Speaking class. The purpose of this study was to investigate ways that curriculum in a high school Public Speaking class might utilize these …

The Effectiveness Of Local Anesthetic Infiltration Into A Surgical Wound Prior To Surgical Closure, Kevin J. Leblanc

Theses and Dissertations

With 73 million surgical procedures annually, acute post-operative pain management is critical to improve patient outcomes and reduce health care costs. Local anesthetic (LA) infiltration prior to surgical incision closure is a frequently used technique in the operating room. This thesis tested the hypothesis that the use of post-incisional infiltration of local anesthetics into surgical incisions will reduce post-operative pain as evidenced by assessing the reduction in post-operative opioids and the Visual Analog Scale (VAS). The first phase of this study was to examine the available literature to determine what evidence existed as to the effectiveness of local anesthetics infiltrated …

Effects Of Hiv-1 Tat Protein On Structure, Function And Trafficking Of The Dopamine Transporter, Narasimha Murty Midde

Theses and Dissertations

The alarming rise in HIV-1 associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND) is, at least in part, associated with HIV-1 viral proteins shed from infected macrophages, including transactivator of transcription (Tat) despite the success of anti-retroviral therapies. The dopamine (DA) system is greatly involved in the progression of HAND and is influenced by psychostimulants like cocaine. The DA transporter (DAT), a key regulator of neurocognitive functions, is a major molecular target for both Tat and cocaine. Our lab previously reported that exposure to Tat decreases DA uptake through allosteric regulation and alters cocaine binding sites in DAT.

In this research project the hypothesis …

Association Of Serum Immunoglobulin G (Igg) Antibodies Against Periodontal Bacteria In Type 2 Diabetes And Pre-Diabetes And Cardiovascular Risk Factors, Deepika Shrestha

Theses and Dissertations

Periodontal disease is an inflammatory disease caused by polybacterial infection and inflammation plays key role that associates periodontal disease with different systemic diseases including diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. The main objective of this study is to evaluate and explore the association of serum IgG antibodies in four distinct clusters that were formed empirically from species specific 19 periodontal antibody titers with T2DM and pre-diabetes adjusting for known confounders such as age, sex, race-ethnicity, income to poverty ratio, education, smoking and drinking alcohol, BMI, WC, physical activity, missing teeth, dentist visits and other nutritional factors.

From the first aim, we formed …