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Distinct Outcomes In Patients With Different Molecular Subtypes Of Inflammatory Breast Cancer, Jingyu Zhou, Yi Yan, Lei Guo, Huiying Ou, Jian Hai, Chaojie Zhang, Zhaoyun Wu, Lili Tang

Saudi Medical Journal

OBJECTIVES: To determine the outcome of patients with luminal A, luminal B, human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER-2) positive, and triple negative molecular subtypes of inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) using a retrospective analysis. METHODS: This study was conducted between February 2004 and February 2010 in 3 different hospitals in China. The clinical outcomes, pathological features, and treatment strategies were analyzed in 67 cases of IBC without distant metastases. A chi-square test and one-way ANOVA were used to assess outcomes between different subtypes. Overall survival (OS) was analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier method and multivariate analysis was conducted using the Cox regression …

Does Combined Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors-Agonist And Pravastatin Therapy Attenuate The Onset Of Diabetes-Induced Experimental Nephropathy?, Hayam I. Gad

Saudi Medical Journal

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the combined effects of rosiglitazone and pravastatin on renal functions in early streptozotocin induced diabetic nephropathy (DN). METHODS: This study was carried out at King Khalid University Hospital Animal House, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia from August 2013 to February 2014. Fifty male Wistar rats were assigned to normal control rats and diabetic rats that received saline, rosiglitazone, pravastatin, or rosiglitazone+pravastatin for 2 months. Their weight range was 230-250 gm, and age range was from 18-20 weeks. At the end of experiment, creatinine clearance, and urinary albumin to creatinine ratio (ACR) were measured. Blood samples were analyzed for transferrin, …

Nosocomial Infections In Ambulances And Effectiveness Of Ambulance Fumigation Techniques In Saudi Arabia. Phase I Study, Daifallah Alrazeeni

Saudi Medical Journal

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate infection control and the incidence of bacterial pathogens in Emergency Medical Service (EMS) ambulances in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. The effectiveness of fumigation techniques used for these ambulances to minimize the spread of infection to transported patients and pre-hospital care providers was also assessed. METHODS: Based on previous literature review indicating a higher propensity of microbial load, 3 areas within the ambulance, such as, stretcher handle, oxygen flow meter knob, and interior handle of the rear door were selected for specimen collection. Swab samples were collected both in the day and night shift, after the intended disinfection and …

Prevalence And Severity Of Plaque-Induced Gingivitis In A Saudi Adult Population, Majdy M. Idrees, Saleh N. Azzeghaiby, Mohammad M. Hammad, Omar B. Kujan

Saudi Medical Journal

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the prevalence and severity of plaque-induced gingivitis among a Saudi adult population in Riyadh region. METHODS: Three hundred and eighty-five eligible participants in this cross-sectional study were recruited from routine dental patients attending the oral diagnosis clinic at Al-Farabi College in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia from June 2013 to December 2013. A clinical examination was performed by 2 dentists to measure the gingival and plaque indices of Löe and Silness for each participant. RESULTS: The prevalence of gingivitis was 100% among adult subjects aged between 18-40 years old. Moreover, the mean gingival index was 1.68±0.31, which indicates a …

Site-Specific Mouth Rinsing Can Improve Oral Odor By Altering Bacterial Counts. Blind Crossover Clinical Study, Mohammed A. Alqumber, Khaled A. Arafa

Saudi Medical Journal

OBJECTIVES: To determine whether site-specific mouth rinsing with oral disinfectants can improve oral odor beyond the traditional panoral mouth disinfection with mouth rinses by targeting specifically oral malodor implicated anaerobic bacteria. METHODS: Twenty healthy fasting subjects volunteered for a blinded prospective, descriptive correlational crossover cross-section clinical trial conducted during the month of Ramadan between July and August 2013 in Albaha province in Saudi Arabia involving the application of Listerine® Cool Mint® mouth rinse by either the traditional panoral rinsing method, or a site-specific disinfection method targeting the subgingival and supragingival plaque and the posterior third of the tongue dorsum, while …

Establishing Tobacco Origin From Pollen Identification: An Approach To Resolving The Debate, Shane Williams, Shelby Hubbard, Karl Reinhard, Sérgio Augusto De Miranda Chaves

Karl Reinhard Publications

Previous research into pollen content of tobacco resulted in a debate. We address this debate and determine that pollen analysis may be able to assist with identifying geographical origin of tobacco. However, the value of any results should be assessed on a case-by-case regional basis until sufficient database information is available for an objective interpretation to be undertaken on a global basis. As a first step toward developing comparative data for South America, we analyzed a tobacco sample from Brazil in an effort to identify signature taxa from the state of Minas Gerais. We also assessed the role of honey …

Introduction: Critical Perspectives On Food Sovereignty, Marc Edelman, Tony Weis, Amita Baviskar, Saturnino M. Borras Jr., Eric Holt-Giménez, Deniz Kandiyoti, Wendy Wolford

Publications and Research

Visions of food sovereignty have been extremely important in helping to galvanize broad-based and diverse movements around the need for radical changes in agro-food systems. Yet while food sovereignty has thrived as a ‘dynamic process’, until recently there has been insufficient attention to many thorny questions, such as its origins, its connection to other food justice movements, its relation to rights discourses, the roles of markets and states and the challenges of implementation. This essay contributes to food sovereignty praxis by pushing the process of critical self- reflection forward and considering its relation to critical agrarian studies – and vice …

Modeling Hedonic Processing And Anhedonia In Depression, Kevin Mercado

Honors College Theses

Depression is characterized by low positive emotion and a lack of pleasurable experiences, or anhedonia. Past studies have emphasized controlling negative affect, but there is an emerging trend in the depression literature to focus on positive emotion. The current study employed several psychophysiological tools, postauricular reflex, startle blink reflex, and event-related potential (ERP) components such as P3 and the late positive potential (LPP), to assess the dissociable components in positive emotion (consummatory and anticipatory processes). In addition, several different hypotheses of emotional dysfunction were evaluated to accurately model deficits in positive emotionality. A majority of the psychophysiological tools used supported …

Relationship Of Dna Methylation With Cardiovascular Fitness And Body Composition, Mihaela A. Ciulei

Honors College Theses

Global DNA Methylation (GDM), an epigenomic modification has been linked to the development of cardiovascular disease and its risk factors. Our focus was to identify potential relationships between epigenetic alterations and both cardiovascular fitness and body composition measures. Purpose: As increases in aerobic fitness have a beneficial effect on cardiovascular disease, one purpose was to determine if a relationship was evident between global DNA methylation and VO2max. A secondary purpose was to determine if the relationship extends to body composition measured via Dual X-ray Absorbtometry (DXA). Methods: Fifty-two (male n=25, female n=27) subjects provided a blood sample for DNA …

Voice Features Of Sjogren's Syndrome: Examination Of Relative Fundamental Frequency (Rff) During Connected Speech, Victoria Anne Lovett

Theses and Dissertations

The purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of relative fundamental frequency (RFF) in quantifying voice disorder severity and possible change with treatment in individuals with Primary Sjögren's Syndrome (SS). Participants completed twice-daily audio recordings during an ABAB within-subjects experimental study investigating the effects of nebulized saline on voice production in this population. Voice samples of the Rainbow Passage from seven of the eight individuals with Primary SS involved in a larger investigation met inclusion criteria for analysis, for a total of 555 tokens. The results indicated that RFF values for this sample were similar to previously reported …

Acidosis Potentiates The Host Proinflammatory Interleukin-1Β Response To Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Infection, I. M. Torres, Y. R. Patankar, Tamer B. Shabaneh, E. Dolben, Deborah Hogan, David Leib, Brent L. Berwin

Dartmouth Scholarship

Infection by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and bacteria in general, frequently promotes acidification of the local microenvironment, and this is reinforced by pulmonary exertion and exacerbation. However, the consequence of an acidic environment on the host inflammatory response to P. aeruginosa infection is poorly understood. Here we report that the pivotal cellular and host proinflammatory interleukin-1β (IL-1β) response, which enables host clearance of the infection but can produce collateral inflammatory damage, is increased in response to P. aeruginosa infection within an acidic environment. Synergistic mechanisms that promote increased IL-1β release in response to P. aeruginosa infection in an acidic environment are …

Publication Trends In Model Organism Research, Michael Dietrich, Rachel Ankeny, Patrick Chen

Dartmouth Scholarship

In 1990, the National Institutes of Health (NIH) gave some organisms special status as designated model organisms. This article documents publication trends for these NIH-designated model organisms over the past 40 years. We find that being designated a model organism by the NIH does not guarantee an increasing publication trend. An analysis of model and nonmodel organisms included in GENETICS since 1960 does reveal a sharp decline in the number of publications using nonmodel organisms yet no decline in the overall species diversity. We suggest that organisms with successful publication records tend to share critical characteristics, such as being well …

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President's Newsletter, Brooks Keel

President's Newsletter

No abstract provided.

Nudging Users Towards Cross-Border Mediation: Is It Really About Harmonised Enforcement Regulation?, Nadja Alexander

Research Collection Yong Pung How School Of Law

In this paper the author challenges her audience to think in different ways about creating the shift needed to make cross-border mediation practice a reality rather than rhetoric. Within Asia, Hong Kong, Singapore and other centres are positioning themselves as regional leaders in cross-border mediation. Statistically though, there is not an enormous amount of cross-border mediation going on. Despite the apparent advantages of mediation and the international regulatory activity outlined above, cross-border commercial mediation practice has been slow to develop. At dispute resolution conferences and other get-togethers, mediators and other ADR advocates ask themselves, “Why”? While there is little empirical …

Cultural Psychological Theory, Kimin Eom, Heejung S. Kim

Research Collection School of Social Sciences

Cultural psychology has revived the original intention of the cognitive revolution in which psychologists aimed to bring meaning to the study of the mind (Bruner, 1990). In contrast to much of psychological research that has been devoted to discovering “pure” context-free psychological mechanisms, the basic assumption of cultural psychology is that the human psyche cannot exist independently of its sociocultural contexts, and therefore, the study of human actions must consider the contexts in which these actions take place (Shweder, 1995). From the beginning, cultural psychology has aimed to understand the mutual influence between psyche and cultural contexts. According to the …

2014 Future Earth Young Scientists Conference On Integrated Science And Knowledge Co-Production For Ecosystems And Human Well-Being, Ivy Shiue, Et. Al.

Research Collection Yong Pung How School Of Law

Effective integration in science and knowledge co-production is a challenge that crosses research boundaries, climate regions, languages and cultures. Early career scientists are crucial in the identification of, and engagement with, obstacles and opportunities in the development of innovative solutions to complex and interconnected problems. On 25–31 May 2014, International Council for Science and International Social Science Council, in collaboration with the International Network of Next-Generation Ecologists and Institute for New Economic Thinking: Young Scholars Initiative, assembled a group of early career researchers with diverse backgrounds and research perspectives to reflect on and debate relevant issues around ecosystems and human …

Candida Parapsilosis Complex Species And Antifungal Susceptibility Profile In Patients Of Intensive Care Units Of Mansoura University Hospitals., Ghada Mashaly

Mansoura Medical Journal

Candida parapsilosis is an importantnon-albican species responsibleforinvasive fungal infections andhospitalacquired infections especiallyin critical care patients. C.parapsilosiscomplex has been renamedaccordingto genetic bases into 3 differentspecies C.parapsilosis sensustricto,C. metapsilosis and C. orthopsilosis.This study was designedtodescribe the distribution and antifungalsusceptibility profile of thethreemembers of Candidaparapsilosiscomplex among patients of intensivecare units (ICUs) in MansouraUniversityHospitals. Candidaparapsilosiswas identified by AnalyticProfileIndex (API) 20 C. C.parapsilosissensu stricto, C. orthopsilosis and C. metapsilosis were recog- nized according to the secondary alcoholdehydrogenase (SADH) restrictionpattern using BanI restrictionenzyme. Antifungal susceptibilitytestingwas performed by E test. Atotalof 68 C.parapsilosis isolateswereincluded in this study. Sixty-twoisolates(91.2%) were identified asC.parapsilosis sensu stricto, 4(5.9%)were identified as C.orthopsilosis,and …

Effect Of Chronic Low Dose Acrylamide On The Ultrastructure And Apoptosis Of Adrenal Gland Cortex In Adult Female Albino Rat, Omnia Erfan, Mona El-Shahat

Mansoura Medical Journal

Introduction: Endocrine disturbancesto the thyroid and adrenalswereobserved due to acrylamide exposure. Aim of the work: to detect any alterationin the ultrastructure andapoptosisin the cortex of adrenalglandafter exposure to acrylamide. Material & methods: 16 female albinorats were separated into twogroups,group I acting as control andratsin group II received 10 mg/kgbodyweight of acrylamide by oralgavagesfor 3 months. The adrenalglandswere removed and processedforelectron microscopy and histologicalexamination. Sections werestainedwith Hx&E and Bax and Bcl2immunohisochemistry. Results: In the ACR group, therounded or arched clusters of ZGand the parallel columns of ZF wereless apparent with narrowing of capillariesthat may indicate the presenceof swelling. By TEM, electronlucentareas …

Trichomoniasis: Conventional Diagnostic Techniques In Symptomatic And Asymptomatic Women., Wafaa Abou-Kamar, Raefa A. Atia, Hala El-Nahas, Aida Abd El-Mageid, Mohammed Mosbah, Nora El-Tantawy

Mansoura Medical Journal

Objectives: To estimate Trichomonasvaginalis prevalence in symptomaticand asymptomatic cases usingwet amount preparation andmodifiedDiamond’s culture. Materials and Methods: Two hundredfemales were enrolled in thisstudy,100 were symptomatic whileother100 were asymptomatic. Vaginalswabs samples were collectedandexamined using both wet mountandmodified Diamond’s culturemethods. Results: The allover prevalenceof trichomoniasis was 13.5% in the studied cases. By wet mount, 12%(12/100) were positive for T. vaginalisin symptomatic group while, only1%(1/100) were positive in asymptomaticgroup, whilst using modifiedDiamond’sculture, 22 cases (22%)insymptomatic and 5 cases (5%) inasymptomaticgroups. Conclusions: In our locality, modifiedDiamond’s culture is more sensitivein diagnosis of trichomoniasisthan wet amount preparation by microscopy.

Prevalence Of Rotavirus Gastroenteritis In Hospitalized Under-5 Years Children In A Tertiary Care Hospital Of Mansoura-Egypt, Wael Seliem, Amira Sultan, Awal Gouda

Mansoura Medical Journal

Rotavirus is responsible for a significantgastrointestinal disease primarilyin children less than 5 yearsofage worldwide causing massivemorbidityand mortality. This studyaimedto identify the proportion ofchildrenwith acute gastroenteritis infectedwith rotavirus through systematicsampling over a 1-year period inatertiary care hospital, MansouraUniversityChildren’s Hospital - Mansoura-EgyptPatients and MethodsThis study included all hospital-ized children aged less than 5 yearswho presented with acute waterydiarrhea. Collected stool sampleswere tested for the presence of rotavirus using an ELISA kit. ResultsOut of 385 stool samples, rotavi-rus antigen was detected in the stoolsamples of 144 (37.4%), of which 74(45.9%) samples were from infantsin the age group of 0–12 months. Feverwas found to …

Preventing The Melting Of The Arctic Council: China As A Permanent Observer And What It Means For The Council And The Environment, Brianna Wodiske

Loyola of Los Angeles International and Comparative Law Review

No abstract provided.

Phosphate And Acidosis Act Synergistically To Depress Peak Power In Rat Muscle Fibers, Cassandra R. Nelson, Edward P. Debold, Robert H. Fitts

Biomedical Sciences Faculty Research and Publications

Skeletal muscle fatigue is characterized by the buildup of H⁺ and inorganic phosphate (P_i), metabolites that are thought to cause fatigue by inhibiting muscle force, velocity, and power. While the individual effects of elevated H⁺ or P_i have been well characterized, the effects of simultaneously elevating the ions, as occurs during fatigue in vivo, are still poorly understood. To address this, we exposed slow and fast rat skinned muscle fibers to fatiguing levels of H⁺ (pH 6.2) and P_i (30 mM) and determined the effects on contractile properties. At 30°C, elevated P_{i …}

Will Diversity Regulations Disadvantage Human Embryonic Stem Cell Research: A Comparison Between The European Union And The United States, Li Jiang

DePaul Journal of Art, Technology & Intellectual Property Law

No abstract provided.

Effects Of Sex And Gender On Adaptation To Space: Musculoskeletal Health, Lori Ploutz-Snyder, Susan Bloomfield, Scott M. Smith, Sandra K. Hunter, Kim Templeton, Debra Bemben

Exercise Science Faculty Research and Publications

There is considerable variability among individuals in musculoskeletal response to long-duration spaceflight. The specific origin of the individual variability is unknown but is almost certainly influenced by the details of other mission conditions such as individual differences in exercise countermeasures, particularly intensity of exercise, dietary intake, medication use, stress, sleep, psychological profiles, and actual mission task demands. In addition to variations in mission conditions, genetic differences may account for some aspect of individual variability. Generally, this individual variability exceeds the variability between sexes that adds to the complexity of understanding sex differences alone. Research specifically related to sex differences of …

A Microfluidic Device For Thermal Particle Detection, Ashwin Kumar Vutha, Benyamin Davaji, Chung-Hoon Lee, Glenn M. Walker

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Research and Publications

We demonstrate the use of heat to count microscopic particles. A thermal particle detector (TPD) was fabricated by combining a 500-nm-thick silicon nitride membrane containing a thin-film resistive temperature detector with a silicone elastomer microchannel. Particles with diameters of 90 and 200 μm created relative temperature changes of 0.11 and −0.44 K, respectively, as they flowed by the sensor. A first-order lumped thermal model was developed to predict the temperature changes. Multiple particles were counted in series to demonstrate the utility of the TPD as a particle counter.

Who's The Bully Now? The Third Circuit Gives Negligent School Districts A Constitutional "Hall Pass" In Morrow V. Balaski, Leaving Bullied Students Out In The Cold, Nicholas Karwacki

Villanova Law Review (1956 - )

No abstract provided.

Academic Affairs Division Newsletter, November 2014, San Jose State University

Academic Affairs Division Newsletter

No abstract provided.

Increasing Label-Free Stem Cell Sorting Capacity To Reach Transplantation-Scale Throughput, Melinda Simon, Ying Li, Janahan Arulmoli, Lisa Mcdonnell, Adnan Akil, Jamison Nourse, Abraham Lee, Lisa Flanagan

Faculty Publications

Dielectrophoresis (DEP) has proven an invaluable tool for the enrichment of populations of stem and progenitor cells owing to its ability to sort cells in a label-free manner and its biological safety. However, DEP separation devices have suffered from a low throughput preventing researchers from undertaking studies requiring large numbers of cells, such as needed for cell transplantation. We developed a microfluidic device designed for the enrichment of stem and progenitor cell populations that sorts cells at a rate of 150,000 cells/h, corresponding to an improvement in the throughput achieved with our previous device designs by over an order of …

The Effects Of Hmtba (2-Hydroxy-4-Methylthio-Butanoic Acid) Supplementation On Ruminal Microbial Crude Protein Synthesis And Community Structure In Dairy Cattle, Chad James Robert Jenkins

Department of Animal Science: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

Metabolizable protein (MP) is protein that reaches the small intestine and is available for absorption and utilization by the cow. Dairy rations may be limited in the supply of MP essential to meeting the demands of milk synthesis, however as much as half of the MP flowing to the small intestine may be attributed to microbial origins and is referred to as microbial CP (MCP). Experiment 1 utilized a technique in which DNA was used as a microbial marker to estimate the concentration of bacterial CP (BCP) in the solid and liquid portions of rumen digesta. Rumen digesta was sampled …